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American journal of botany, v.33 no.6, 1946년, pp.544 - 551
Bloch, Robert (Department of Botany Yale University New Haven Connecticut)
In the air root of Monstera deliciosa trichosclereids are formed early in the cortical rib meristem, which proliferate between parenchyma cells like hairs, sending out long processes which are prosen-chymatous like those of astrosclereids or fibers. The cells are thus clearly distinguished from the brachysclereids of the same root which differentiate at a much later stage from non-specialized cortical ground parenchyma cells of the hypodermal region or adjacent to internal surfaces. The trichosclereids originate from late, differential, polar divisions of cortex cells near the root apex, analogous to those which give rise to passage cells in the hypodermis. These special divisions occur at the basal (proximal) ends of cell files in the rib meristem, and the trichosclereid initials can be recognized by their position, small size, dense content and large nucleus. Their subsequent specific activity, which distinguishes them from their differently reactive neighbors, consists in the formation of prosenchymatous processes which grow rapidly into the intercellular space system as it develops between the cortical parenchyma cells. This behavior appears to be correlated with their late appearance as "embryonic" cells and with the presence of air spaces. Their subsequently long-continued growth is comparable to that of the external trichoblasts of the grass root epidermis and other plants. The distribution of trichosclereids in the air root of Monstera can thus be traced back to a pattern of differential cell divisions in the fundamental tissue which precedes it, and later idioblastic development appears as the outcome of specific differentiation rather than uncontrolled growth of solitary cells. The growth of the processes of the trichosclereids resembles that of other intrusively growing fibers and sclereids and bears a close relationship to changes in the intercellular space system; later differentiation of the wall of the sclereids is comparable to that of ordinary fibers or sclerenchyma cells, although somewhat more irregular. Pit canals occur only in the initial, central portion of the sclereid, and secondary thickening and suberization are not always initiated uniformly over the entire length of the long tubular branches of a sclereid, but are apparently often subject to variable local conditions.
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