$\require{mediawiki-texvc}$

연합인증

연합인증 가입 기관의 연구자들은 소속기관의 인증정보(ID와 암호)를 이용해 다른 대학, 연구기관, 서비스 공급자의 다양한 온라인 자원과 연구 데이터를 이용할 수 있습니다.

이는 여행자가 자국에서 발행 받은 여권으로 세계 각국을 자유롭게 여행할 수 있는 것과 같습니다.

연합인증으로 이용이 가능한 서비스는 NTIS, DataON, Edison, Kafe, Webinar 등이 있습니다.

한번의 인증절차만으로 연합인증 가입 서비스에 추가 로그인 없이 이용이 가능합니다.

다만, 연합인증을 위해서는 최초 1회만 인증 절차가 필요합니다. (회원이 아닐 경우 회원 가입이 필요합니다.)

연합인증 절차는 다음과 같습니다.

최초이용시에는
ScienceON에 로그인 → 연합인증 서비스 접속 → 로그인 (본인 확인 또는 회원가입) → 서비스 이용

그 이후에는
ScienceON 로그인 → 연합인증 서비스 접속 → 서비스 이용

연합인증을 활용하시면 KISTI가 제공하는 다양한 서비스를 편리하게 이용하실 수 있습니다.

Abortion and Legal Process in the United States: An Overview of the Post-WebsterLegal Landscape

Law, medicine & health care : a publication of the American Society of Law & Medicine, v.17 no.4, 1989년, pp.368 - 375  

Baron, Charles H.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

On July 3,1989, the Supreme Court finally handed down its much-anticipated decision inWebster v. Reproductive Health Services.Observers interested in the issue of abortion rights had anxiously awaited the decision for indications of whether the court would maintain the constitutional course it had c...

참고문헌 (80)

  1. 19. 476 U.S.747 (1986). 

  2. 30. Model Penal Code 230.3 (Official Draft & Revised Comments 1980). 

  3. 3. Doe Bolton v., 410 U.S.179 (1973) 

  4. Bigelow Virginia v., 421 U.S.809 (1975) 

  5. Connecticut Menillo v., 423 U.S.9 (1975) 

  6. Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri Danforth v., 428 U.S.52 (1976);Bellotti Baird v., 428 U.S.132 (1976) 

  7. Beal Doe v., 432 U.S.438 (1977) 

  8. Maher Roe v., 432 U.S.464 (1977) 

  9. Colautti Franklin v., 439 U.S.379 (1979) 

  10. Bellotti Baird v., 443 U.S.622 (1979) 

  11. 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1980.tb06023.x Harris McRae v., 448 U.S.297 (1980) 

    상세보기 crossref

  12. 10.1097/00006534-198009000-00025 Williams Zbaraz v., 448 U.S.358 (1980) 

    crossref

  13. Matheson H.L. v., 450 U.S.398 (1981) 

  14. City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health, 462 U.S.416 (1983) 

  15. Planned Parenthood Association of Kansas City, Missouri Ashcroft v., 462 U.S.476 (1983) 

  16. Simopoulos Virginia v., 462 U.S.506 (1983) 

  17. 10.5796/kogyobutsurikagaku.54.476 Diamond Charles v., 476 U.S.54 (1986) 

    상세보기 crossref

  18. and Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 476 U.S.747 (1986). 

  19. 8. 381 U.S. at 502 (White, J., concurring). 

  20. 27. Globe, Boston , July 12, 1989 at 1, ccl.5. 

  21. 59. England, Finland, West Germany, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg and The Netherlands. Id. 

  22. 2. 410 U.S.113 (1973). 

  23. 87 Harv. L. Rev. “Foreword: Toward a Model of Roles in the Due Process of Life and Law,” 1 18 1973 Tribe 

  24. 63. “For the stage subsequent to viability, the State in promoting its interest in the potentiality of human life may, if it chooses, regulate, and even proscribe, abortion except where it is necessary, in appropriate medical judgment, for the preservation of the life or health of the mother.” Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113, 165-66 (1973). 

  25. 25. Id. at 98. 

  26. 39. Id. 

  27. 47. See for example, Superintendent of Belchertown School v. Saikewicz, 373 Mass. 728, 370 N.E.2d 417 (1977) and In Re Quinlan, 70 N.J. 10, 355 A.2d 647 (1976). In the 1989 Term, the Supreme Court of the United States may well rule for the first time on the question of whether the right to privacy in the United States Constitution includes a right to refuse life-prolonging treatment. See Cruzan v. Harmon, 760 S.W.2d 408 (Mo. banc 1988), cert. granted sub nom Cruzan v. Director of Missouri Department of Health, 57 U.S.L.W. 3859 (1989). 

  28. 1. 57 U.S.L.W.5023 (1989). 

  29. 29. The statutes themselves actually recognize no exceptions to the prohibition against abortions. However, as of 1970 the statutes had been judicially construed to permit a “life of the mother” exception in order to find them const tutional. Rosen v. Louisiana State Board of Medical Examiners, 318 F.Supp. 1217 (E.D. La. 1970). 

  30. 34. Alaska Stat. 11.15.060 (1970); Hawai Rev. Stat. 453-16(a)(3) (Supp. 1971); New York Penal Law 125.05 (McKinney Supp. 1971); and Washington Rev. Code 9.02.070 (Supp. 1971). 

  31. 9. Since the Court does not overrule Roe, Scalia gives no statement of the theoretical grounds he would use for doing so. Of his reasons, he says only: “Since today we contrive to avoid doing it, and indeed to avoid almost any decision of national import, I need not set forth my reasons, some of which have been well recited in dissents of my colleagues in other cases.” 57 U.S.L.W. at 5034-5 (Scalia, J., concurring). 

  32. 6. Id. at 5035. 

  33. 51. U.S. Constitution, Art I, sec. 8, cl. 1: “The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to….provide for the …general Welfare of the United States.” 

  34. 46. See for example, Moe v. Secretary of Administration, 382 Mass. 629, 417 N.E.2d 387 (1981). 

  35. 20. Id. at 830 (O'Connor, J., dissenting). 

  36. 44. People v. Belous, 71 Cal.2d 954, 458 P.2d 194, 80 Cal. Rptr. 354 (1969), cert. denied, 397 U.S. 915 (1970). 

  37. 56. Id., footnote references omitted. 

  38. 45. See “Symposium on the Revolution in State Constitutional Law” 13 Vermont L. Rev. 11 (1988). 

  39. 11. City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health, 462 U.S.416, 459 (1983) (O'Connor, J., dissenting). 

  40. 57. Professor Glendon lists Belgium, Canada, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, and Switzerland in this category as of 1987. Glendon p.14. In 1988, the Supreme Court of Canada declared its nation-wide abortion statute unconstitutional under its new Bill of Rights. Morgentaler v. The Queen, (1988), 44 D.L.R. (4th) 385. 

  41. 40. Church, "Five Political Hot Spots," Time, July 17, 1989, at 64 

  42. "Countdown: The Wars within the States," Newsweek, July 17, 1989, at 24 

  43. "The Abortion Furor," U.S. News & World Report, July 17, 1989, at 18. 

  44. 61. “For the stage prior to approximately the end of the first trimester, the abortion decision and its effectuation must be left to the medical judgment of the pregnant woman's attending physician.” Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113, 165 (1973). 

  45. 4. 57 U.S.L.W. at 5041 (Blackmun, J., dissenting). 

  46. 17. 410 U.S. at 173. 

  47. 10. 57 U.S.L.W. at 5031. 

  48. 41. Id. 

  49. 53. Glendon, M.A. , Abortion and Divorce in Western Law: American Failures, European Challenges. (Harvard 1987). 

  50. 42. Id. 

  51. 33. Babbitz v. McCann, 310 F.Supp.293 (E.D. Wis. 1970) had legalized all Wisconsin abortions carried our before quickening. Doe v. Scott, 321 F.Supp.1385 (N.D. Ill. 1971) had legalized all first trimester Illinois abortions. 

  52. 13. 841 F.2d 1358 (7th Cir. 1988). 

  53. 37. Boston Globe, March 31, 1989, at 1, col.1. 

  54. 36. For example, a poll taken by the New York Times shortly before the decision in Webster showed 87% of those polled favoring legality of abortion and 7% opposing where the health of the mother was seriously endangered by the pregnancy and 69% favoring and 21% opposing where there was a strong chance of a serious defect in the baby. New York Times, April 26, 1989, at 1, col.6. An earlier poll by the Boston Globe showed 86% favoring and 8% opposing when the pregnancy resulted from incest. Boston Globe, March 31, 1989, at 1, col.1. 

  55. 15. Id. at 462. 

  56. 31. Ark., Cal., Colo., Del., Fla., Ga., Dan., Md., Miss., N.M., N.C., Or., S.C., and Va. See, “Special Project, Survey of Abortion Law,” 1980 Arizona State Law Journal 67, 110. 

  57. 54. Id. at 17. 

  58. 43. Commonwealth v. Brunelle, 341 Mass. 675, 677 (1977), Commonwealth v. Wheeler, 315 Mass. 394 (1944), and Commonwealth v. Brown, 121 Mass. 69, 76 (1876). 

  59. 62. Id. at 164, and See Colautti v. Franklin, 439 U.S. 379, 396-97 (1979). 

  60. 55. Id. at 18. 

  61. 26. 57 U.S.L.W. at 5031. 

  62. 48. Sixteen states have Equal Rights Amendments explicitly barring sex discrimination: Alaska (1972), Colorado (1972), Connecticut (1974), Hawaii (1972), Illinois (1971), Maryland (1972), Massachusetts (1976), Montana (1973), New Hampshire (1974), New Mexico (1973), Pennsylvania (1971), Texas (1972), Utah (1896), Virginia (1971), Washington (1972), and Wyoming (1890). 

  63. 18. Id. 

  64. 38. The Harris Poll, Release dated July 16, 1989 “Supreme Court Webster Decision Produces Backlash Against Anti-Abortion Cause” Louis Harris, 1989 #30, ISSN 0895-7983. 

  65. 35. For text, see Knecht, J. , “A Survey of the Present Statutory and Case Law on Abortion: The Contradictions and the Problems,” 1972 Law Forum 177, 198 (1972). The Uniform Act was endorsed in 1972 by an overwhelming y favorable vote of the American Bar Association's 307 member House of Delegates. New York Times, Feb. 8, 1972, at 37, col.2. 

  66. 5. Id. 

  67. 50. U.S. Constitution, Art I, sec. 8, cl. 3: “The Congress shall have Power…. To regulate Commerce….among the several states.” 

  68. 49. U.S. Constitution, Art VI, c1.2. 

  69. 23. Calabresi, G. , Ideals, Beliefs, Attitudes, and the Law 100 (1985). 

  70. 22. Tribe, L. , Constitutional Choices 243 (1985). 

  71. 32. They are: Massachusetts, see, Commonwealth v. Wheeler, 315 Mass. 394, 395 (1944) and the District of Columbia, see, Doe v. General Hospital, 313 F.Supp. 1170 (D.D.C. 1970). 

  72. 28. Weeks v. Connick, (E.D. La. 1976), Civ. Action docket No. 73-469 F. (Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b)(5) motion to dissolve 1976 injunction which applied Roe to Louisiana's abortion statutes.) 

  73. 10.2307/3560638 60. See Baron, “Fetal Research: The Question in the States,” The Hastings Center Report, April 1985 at 12, for a report of at least one instance of this phenomenon in the context of negotiating regulations for fetal experimentation. 

    상세보기 crossref

  74. 58. Austria, Denmark, Greece, Norway and Sweden. Glendon at 14. 

  75. 14. Although her analysis suggests an acceptance of the notion that there is a fundamental right involved, her statements are always cautiously expressed in hypothetical terms. See for example, City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health, 462 U.S. 416, 459 (1983) (O'Connor, J., dissenting): “Even assuming there is a fundamental right to terminate pregnancy in some situations, there is no justification in law or logic for the trimester framework….” 

  76. Law, Medicine and Health Care “If You Prick Us, Do We Not Bleed?: Of Shylock, Fetuses, and the Concept of Person,” 1 52 1983 

  77. 52. U.S. Constitution, Amendment XIV, sec. 5: “The Congress shall have Power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.” 

  78. 7. 381 U.S.479 (1965). 

  79. 16. Id. at 459. 

  80. 12. Id. at 457. 

섹션별 컨텐츠 바로가기

AI-Helper ※ AI-Helper는 오픈소스 모델을 사용합니다.

AI-Helper 아이콘
AI-Helper
안녕하세요, AI-Helper입니다. 좌측 "선택된 텍스트"에서 텍스트를 선택하여 요약, 번역, 용어설명을 실행하세요.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.

선택된 텍스트

맨위로