$\require{mediawiki-texvc}$

연합인증

연합인증 가입 기관의 연구자들은 소속기관의 인증정보(ID와 암호)를 이용해 다른 대학, 연구기관, 서비스 공급자의 다양한 온라인 자원과 연구 데이터를 이용할 수 있습니다.

이는 여행자가 자국에서 발행 받은 여권으로 세계 각국을 자유롭게 여행할 수 있는 것과 같습니다.

연합인증으로 이용이 가능한 서비스는 NTIS, DataON, Edison, Kafe, Webinar 등이 있습니다.

한번의 인증절차만으로 연합인증 가입 서비스에 추가 로그인 없이 이용이 가능합니다.

다만, 연합인증을 위해서는 최초 1회만 인증 절차가 필요합니다. (회원이 아닐 경우 회원 가입이 필요합니다.)

연합인증 절차는 다음과 같습니다.

최초이용시에는
ScienceON에 로그인 → 연합인증 서비스 접속 → 로그인 (본인 확인 또는 회원가입) → 서비스 이용

그 이후에는
ScienceON 로그인 → 연합인증 서비스 접속 → 서비스 이용

연합인증을 활용하시면 KISTI가 제공하는 다양한 서비스를 편리하게 이용하실 수 있습니다.

Occurrence, metabolism, metabolic role, and industrial uses of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates 원문보기

Microbiological reviews, v.54 no.4, 1990년, pp.450 - 472  

Anderson, A J (Department of Applied Biology, University of Hull, United Kingdom.) ,  Dawes, E A (Department of Applied Biology, University of Hull, United Kingdom.)

Abstract AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), of which polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is the most abundant, are bacterial carbon and energy reserve materials of widespread occurrence. They are composed of 3-hydroxyacid monomer units and exist as a small number of cytoplasmic granules per cell. The properties of the C4 h...

참고문헌 (179)

  1. Eur. J. Biochem. Ackrell B. A. C. 387 26 1972 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1972.tb01778.x The respiratory chain NADPH dehydrogenase of Azotobacter vinelandii Ackrell , B. A. C. , S. K. Erickson , and C. W. Jones . 1972 . The respiratory chain NADPH dehydrogenase of Azotobacter vinelandii . Eur. J. Biochem. 26 : 387 - 392 . 

  2. Macromolecules Akita S. 774 9 1976 10.1021/ma60053a017 Solution propertiesofpoly(D-p-hydroxybutyrate). 1. Biosynthesis and characterization Akita , S. , Y. Einaga , Y. Miyaki , and H. Fujita . 1976 . Solution propertiesofpoly(D-p-hydroxybutyrate). 1. Biosynthesis and characterization . Macromolecules 9 : 774 - 780 . 

  3. Biopolymers Alper R. 545 1 1963 10.1002/bip.360010605 Properties of poly-p-hydroxybutyrate. I. General considerations concerning the naturally occurring polymer Alper , R. , D. G. Lundgren , R. H. Marchessault , and W. A. Cote . 1963 . Properties of poly-p-hydroxybutyrate. I. General considerations concerning the naturally occurring polymer . Biopolymers 1 : 545 - 556 . 

  4. J. Biol. Macromol. Anderson A. J. 102 12 1990 10.1016/0141-8130(90)90060-N The biosynthesis and composition of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates.Int Anderson , A. J. , G. W. Haywood , and E. A. Dawes . 1990 . The biosynthesis and composition of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates.Int . J. Biol. Macromol. 12 : 102 - 105 . 

  5. Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp. Asenjo J. A. 225 15 1985 Kinetics and models for the bioconversion of methane into an intracellular polymer, poly,-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) Asenjo , J. A. , and J. S. Suk . 1985 . Kinetics and models for the bioconversion of methane into an intracellular polymer, poly,-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) . Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp. 15 : 225 - 234 . 

  6. J. Ferment. Technol. Asenjo J. A. 271 64 1986 10.1016/0385-6380(86)90118-4 Microbial conversion of methane into poly-,-hydroxybutyrate (PHB): growth and intracellular product accumulation in a type II methanotroph Asenjo , J. A. , and J. S. Suk . 1986 . Microbial conversion of methane into poly-,-hydroxybutyrate (PHB): growth and intracellular product accumulation in a type II methanotroph . J. Ferment. Technol. 64 : 271 - 278 . 

  7. 10.1007/978-94-009-3989-9_22 Ballard D. G. H. P. A. Holmes and P. J. Senior. 1987. Formation of polymers of P-hydroxybutyric acid in bacterial cells and a comparison of the morphology of growth with the formation of polyethylene in the solid state p. 293-314. In M. Fontanille and A. Guyot (ed.) Recent advances in mechanistic and synthetic aspects of polymerization vol. 215. Reidel (Kluwer) Publishing Co. Lancaster U.K. 

  8. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis Ballistreri A. 239 16 1989 10.1016/0165-2370(89)80028-2 Analytical degradation: an approach to the structural analysis of microbial polyesters by different methods Ballistreri , A. , D. Garozzo , M. Guiffrida , G. Impallomeni , and G. Montaudo . 1989 . Analytical degradation: an approach to the structural analysis of microbial polyesters by different methods . J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 16 : 239 - 253 . 

  9. J. Mater. Sci. Barham P. J. 3826 19 1984 10.1007/BF00980744 Nucleation behaviour of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate Barham , P. J. 1984 . Nucleation behaviour of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate . J. Mater. Sci. 19 : 3826 - 3834 . 

  10. J. Mater. Sci. Barham P. J. 2781 19 1984 10.1007/BF01026954 Crystallization and morphology of a bacterial thermoplastic: poly-3-hydroxybutyrate Barham , P. J. , A. Keller , E. L. Otun , and P. A. Holmes . 1984 . Crystallization and morphology of a bacterial thermoplastic: poly-3-hydroxybutyrate . J. Mater. Sci. 19 : 2781 - 2794 . 

  11. FEBS Lett. Barnard G. N. 16 231 1988 10.1016/0014-5793(88)80693-8 Observation of mobile poly(,-hydroxybutyrate) in the storage granules of Methylobacterium AM1 by in vivo 13C-NMR spectroscopy Barnard , G. N. , and J. K. M. Sanders . 1988 . Observation of mobile poly(,-hydroxybutyrate) in the storage granules of Methylobacterium AM1 by in vivo 13C-NMR spectroscopy . FEBS Lett. 231 : 16 - 18 . 

  12. J. Biol. Chem. Barnard G. N. 3286 264 1989 The poly-,Bhydroxybutyrate granule in vivo. A new insight based on NMR spectroscopy of whole cells Barnard , G. N. , and J. K. M. Sanders . 1989 . The poly-,Bhydroxybutyrate granule in vivo. A new insight based on NMR spectroscopy of whole cells . J. Biol. Chem. 264 : 3286 - 3291 . 

  13. Colloid Polym. Sci. Bauer H. 241 266 1988 10.1007/BF01452586 Some structural and mechanical properties of bacterially produced poly-,B-hydroxybutyrate-co-p-hydroxyvalerate Bauer , H. , and A. J. Owen . 1988 . Some structural and mechanical properties of bacterially produced poly-,B-hydroxybutyrate-co-p-hydroxyvalerate . Colloid Polym. Sci. 266 : 241 - 247 . 

  14. Biotechnol. Tech. Berger E. 227 3 1989 10.1007/BF01876053 PHB recovery by hypochlorite digestion of non-PHB biomass Berger , E. , B. A. Ramsay , J. A. Ramsay , and C. Chavarie . 1989 . PHB recovery by hypochlorite digestion of non-PHB biomass . Biotechnol. Tech. 3 : 227 - 232 . 

  15. Macromolecules Bloembergen S. 2865 19 1986 10.1021/ma00165a034 Studies of composition and crystallinity of bacterial poly(P-hydroxybutyrate-co-p-hydroxyvalerate) Bloembergen , S. , D. A. Holden , G. K. Hamer , T. L. Bluhm , and R. H. Marchessault . 1986 . Studies of composition and crystallinity of bacterial poly(P-hydroxybutyrate-co-p-hydroxyvalerate) . Macromolecules 19 : 2865 - 2871 . 

  16. FEBS Lett. Bloomfield G. 246 5 1969 10.1016/0014-5793(69)80360-1 Activation by Hg 2+ of acetoacetyl-CoA reductase in extracts of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides and Rhodomicrobium vannielii Bloomfield , G. , G. Sandhu , and N. G. Carr . 1969 . Activation by Hg 2+ of acetoacetyl-CoA reductase in extracts of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides and Rhodomicrobium vannielii . FEBS Lett. 5 : 246 - 248 . 

  17. Macromolecules Bluhm T. L. 2871 19 1986 10.1021/ma00165a035 Isodimorphism in bacterial poly(,Bhydroxybutyrate-co-p-hydroxyvalerate) Bluhm , T. L. , G. K. Hamer , R. H. Marchessault , C. A. Fyfe , and R. P. Veregin . 1986 . Isodimorphism in bacterial poly(,Bhydroxybutyrate-co-p-hydroxyvalerate) . Macromolecules 19 : 2871 - 2876 . 

  18. Polym. Prep. Bluhm T. L. 603 29 1988 Isodimorphism in poly(,-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) copolyesters Bluhm , T. L. , G. K. Hamer , and P. R. Sundarajan . 1988 . Isodimorphism in poly(,-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) copolyesters . Polym. Prep. 29 : 603 - 604 . 

  19. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Brandl H. 1977 54 1988 10.1128/aem.54.8.1977-1982.1988 Pseudomonas oleovorans as a source of poly(P-hydroxyalkanoates) for potential applications as biodegradable polyesters Brandl , H. , R. A. Gross , R. W. Lenz , and R. C. Fuller . 1988 . Pseudomonas oleovorans as a source of poly(P-hydroxyalkanoates) for potential applications as biodegradable polyesters . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54 : 1977 - 1982 . 

  20. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. Brandl H. 49 11 1989 10.1016/0141-8130(89)90040-8 Ability of the phototrophic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum to produce various poly(P-hydroxyalkanoates): potential sources for biodegradable polyesters Brandl , H. , E. J. Knee , Jr. , R. C. Fuller , R. A. Gross , and R. W. Lenz . 1989 . Ability of the phototrophic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum to produce various poly(P-hydroxyalkanoates): potential sources for biodegradable polyesters . Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 11 : 49 - 55 . 

  21. Eur. J. Appl. Microbiol. Braunegg G. 29 6 1978 10.1007/BF00500854 A rapid gas chromatographic method for the determination of poly-phydroxybutyric acid in microbial biomass Braunegg , G. , B. Sonnleitner , and R. M. Lafferty . 1978 . A rapid gas chromatographic method for the determination of poly-phydroxybutyric acid in microbial biomass . Eur. J. Appl. Microbiol. 6 : 29 - 37 . 

  22. Trends Biotechnol. Byrom D. 246 5 1987 10.1016/0167-7799(87)90100-4 Polymer synthesis by microorganisms: technology and economics Byrom , D. 1987 . Polymer synthesis by microorganisms: technology and economics . Trends Biotechnol. 5 : 246 - 250 . 

  23. Chimicaoggi Cesaro A. 81 7 1989 Microbial polyesters. Scientific curiosity or industrial reality Cesaro , A. , and M. Scandola . 1989 . Microbial polyesters. Scientific curiosity or industrial reality ? Chimicaoggi 7 : 81 - 85 . 

  24. J. Microbiol. Chandrasekharan P. T. 471 42 1976 Purification and properties of an NADP+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase from Rhizobium meliloti. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Chandrasekharan , P. T. , and Y. I. Shethna . 1976 . Purification and properties of an NADP+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase from Rhizobium meliloti. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek . J. Microbiol. 42 : 471 - 482 . 

  25. J. Bacteriol. Chung A. E. 438 102 1970 10.1128/jb.102.2.438-447.1970 Pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii Chung , A. E. 1970 . Pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii . J. Bacteriol. 102 : 438 447. 

  26. Spec. Publ. Soc. General Microbiol. Collins S. 161 21 1987 Choice of substrate in polyhydroxybutyrate synthesis Collins , S. 1987 . Choice of substrate in polyhydroxybutyrate synthesis . Spec. Publ. Soc. General Microbiol. 21 : 161 - 168 . 

  27. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Comeau Y. 2325 54 1988 10.1128/aem.54.9.2325-2327.1988 Determination of poly-p-hydroxybutyrate and poly-3-hydroxyvalerate in activated sludge by gas-liquid chromatography Comeau , Y. , K. J. Hall , and W. K. Oldham . 1988 . Determination of poly-p-hydroxybutyrate and poly-3-hydroxyvalerate in activated sludge by gas-liquid chromatography . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54 : 2325 - 2327 . 

  28. J. Mol. Biol. Cornibert J. 735 71 1972 10.1016/S0022-2836(72)80035-4 Physical properties of poly-,-hydroxybutyrate. IV. Conformational analysis and crystalline structure Cornibert , J. , and R. H. Marchessault . 1972 . Physical properties of poly-,-hydroxybutyrate. IV. Conformational analysis and crystalline structure . J. Mol. Biol. 71 : 735 - 756 . 

  29. Macromolecules Cornibert J. 741 3 1970 10.1021/ma60018a006 Physical properties of poly(P-hydroxybutyrate). III. Folding of helical segments in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol Cornibert , J. , R. H. Marchessault , H. Benoit , and G. Weill . 1970 . Physical properties of poly(P-hydroxybutyrate). III. Folding of helical segments in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol . Macromolecules 3 : 741 - 746 . 

  30. J. Biol. Chem. Davis J. T. 90 262 1987 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)75892-X Biosynthetic thiolase from Zoogloea ramigera. II. Inactivation with haloacetyl CoA analogs Davis , J. T. , H. -H. Chen , R. Moore , Y. Nishitani , S. Masamune , A. J. Sinskey , and C. T. Walsh . 1987 . Biosynthetic thiolase from Zoogloea ramigera. II. Inactivation with haloacetyl CoA analogs . J. Biol. Chem. 262 : 90 - 96 . 

  31. J. Biol. Chem. Davis J. T. 82 262 1987 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)75891-8 Biosynthetic thiolase from Zoogloea ramigera. I. Preliminary characterization and analysis of proton transfer reaction Davis , J. T. , R. N. Moore , B. Imperali , A. Pratt , K. Kobayashi , S. Masamune , A. J. Sinskey , and C. T. Walsh . 1987 . Biosynthetic thiolase from Zoogloea ramigera. I. Preliminary characterization and analysis of proton transfer reaction . J. Biol. Chem. 262 : 82 - 89 . 

  32. Dawes E. A. 1976. Endogenous metabolism and the survival of starved prokaryotes p. 19-53. In T. G. R. Gray and J. R. Postgate (ed.) The survival of vegetative microbes. Cambridge University Press Cambridge. 

  33. Dawes E. A. 1985. Starvation survival and energy reserves p. 43-79. In M. Fletcher and G. D. Floodgate (ed.) Bacteria in their natural environments. Academic Press Inc. (London) Ltd. London. 

  34. 10.1007/978-1-4613-0803-4_2 Dawes E. A. 1989. Growth and survival of bacteria p. 67-187. In J. S. Poindexter and E. R. Leadbetter (ed.) Bacteria in nature vol. 3. Plenum Publishing Corp. New York. 

  35. Adv. Microb. Physiol. Dawes E. A. 135 10 1973 10.1016/S0065-2911(08)60088-0 The role and regulation of energy reserve polymers in microorganisms Dawes , E. A. , and P. J. Senior . 1973 . The role and regulation of energy reserve polymers in microorganisms . Adv. Microb. Physiol. 10 : 135 - 266 . 

  36. J. Bacteriol. De Smet M. J. 870 154 1983 10.1128/jb.154.2.870-878.1983 Characterization of intracellular inclusions formed by Pseudomonas oleovorans during growth on octane De Smet , M. J. , G. Eggink , B. Witholt , J. Kingma , and H. Wynberg . 1983 . Characterization of intracellular inclusions formed by Pseudomonas oleovorans during growth on octane . J. Bacteriol. 154 : 870 - 878 . 

  37. Makromol. Chem. Rapid Commun. Doi Y. 227 10 1989 10.1002/marc.1989.030100506 Hydrolytic degradation of microbial poly(hydroxyalkanoates) Doi . Y. , Y. Kanesawa , Y. Kawaguchi , and M. Kunioka . 1989 . Hydrolytic degradation of microbial poly(hydroxyalkanoates) . Makromol. Chem. Rapid Commun. 10 : 227 - 230 . 

  38. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Doi Y. 2932 55 1989 10.1128/aem.55.11.2932-2938.1989 Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and polyphosphate metabolism in Alcaligenes eutrophus Doi , Y. , Y. Kawaguchi , Y. Nakamura , and M. Kunioka . 1989 . Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and polyphosphate metabolism in Alcaligenes eutrophus . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55 : 2932 - 2938 . 

  39. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., p. Doi Y. 1696 1986 10.1039/c39860001696 Biosynthesis of polyesters by Alcaligenes eutrophus: incorporation of 13C-labelled acetate and propionate Doi . Y. , M. Kunioka , Y. Nakamura , and K. Soga . 1986 . Biosynthesis of polyesters by Alcaligenes eutrophus: incorporation of 13C-labelled acetate and propionate . J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., p. 1696 - 1697 . 

  40. Macromolecules Doi Y. 1274 19 1986 10.1021/ma00158a060 H and "C NMR analysis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) isolated from Bacillus megaterium Doi , Y. , M. Kunioka , Y. Nakamura , and K. Soga . 1986 . ' H and "C NMR analysis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) isolated from Bacillus megaterium . Macromolecules 19 : 1274 - 1276 . 

  41. Macromolecules Doi Y. 2860 19 1986 10.1021/ma00165a033 Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on poly(P-hydroxybutyrate) and a copolyester of ,B-hydroxybutyrate and P-hydroxyvalerate isolated from Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 Doi , Y. , M. Kunioka , Y. Nakamura , and K. Soga . 1986 . Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on poly(P-hydroxybutyrate) and a copolyester of ,B-hydroxybutyrate and P-hydroxyvalerate isolated from Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 . Macromolecules 19 : 2860 - 2864 . 

  42. Makromol. Chem. Rapid Commun. Doi Y. 661 7 1986 10.1002/marc.1986.030071008 Conformational analysis of poly(P-hydroxybutyrate) in Alcaligenes eutrophus by solid-state "C NMR spectroscopy Doi , Y. , M. Kunioka , Y. Nakamura , and K. Soga . 1986 . Conformational analysis of poly(P-hydroxybutyrate) in Alcaligenes eutrophus by solid-state "C NMR spectroscopy . Makromol. Chem. Rapid Commun. 7 : 661 - 664 . 

  43. Macromolecules Doi Y. 2988 20 1987 10.1021/ma00178a006 Biosynthesis of copolyesters in Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 from "3C-labelled acetate and propionate Doi , Y. , M. Kunioka , Y. Nakamura , and K. Soga . 1987 . Biosynthesis of copolyesters in Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 from "3C-labelled acetate and propionate . Macromolecules 20 : 2988 - 2991 . 

  44. Macromolecules Doi Y. 2722 21 1988 10.1021/ma00187a012 Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on unusual bacterial copolyesters of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate Doi , Y. , M. Kunioka , Y. Nakamura , and K. Soga . 1988 . Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on unusual bacterial copolyesters of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate . Macromolecules 21 : 2722 - 2727 . 

  45. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. Doi Y. 165 67 1990 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb13856.x Cyclic nature of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) metabolism in Alcaligenes eutrophus Doi , Y. , A. Segawa , Y. Kawaguchi , and M. Kunioka . 1990 . Cyclic nature of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) metabolism in Alcaligenes eutrophus . FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 67 : 165 - 170 . 

  46. Polym. Commun. Doi Y. 169 30 1989 Biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) produced from gamma-butyrolactone and butyric acid by Alcaligenes eutrophus Doi , Y. , A. Segawa , and M. Kunioka . 1989 . Biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) produced from gamma-butyrolactone and butyric acid by Alcaligenes eutrophus . Polym. Commun. 30 : 169 - 171 . 

  47. Int. J. Biol Macromol. Doi Y. 106 12 1990 10.1016/0141-8130(90)90061-E Biosynthesis and characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) in Alcaligenes eutrophus Doi , Y. , A. Segawa , and M. Kunioka . 1990 . Biosynthesis and characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) in Alcaligenes eutrophus . Int. J. Biol Macromol. 12 : 106 - 111 . 

  48. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. Doi Y. 1635 1987 1987 10.1039/c39870001635 Biosynthesis of an unusual copolyester (10 mol% 3-hydroxybutyrate and 90 mol% 3-hydroxyvalerate units) in Alcaligenes eutrophus from pentanoic acid Doi , Y. , A. Tamaki , M. , Kunioka , and K. Soga . 1987 . Biosynthesis of an unusual copolyester (10 mol% 3-hydroxybutyrate and 90 mol% 3-hydroxyvalerate units) in Alcaligenes eutrophus from pentanoic acid . J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1987 : 1635 - 1636 . 

  49. Makromol. Chem. Rapid Commun. Doi Y. 631 8 1987 10.1002/marc.1987.030081209 Biosynthesis of terpolyesters of 3-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxyvalerate, and 5-hydroxyvalerate in Alcaligenes eutrophus from 5-chloropentanoic and pentanoic acids Doi , Y. , A. Tamaki , M. Kunioka , and K. Soga . 1987 . Biosynthesis of terpolyesters of 3-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxyvalerate, and 5-hydroxyvalerate in Alcaligenes eutrophus from 5-chloropentanoic and pentanoic acids . Makromol. Chem. Rapid Commun. 8 : 631 - 635 . 

  50. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Doi Y. 330 28 1988 10.1007/BF00268190 Production of copolyesters of 3-hydroxybutyrate by Alcaligenes eutrophus from butyric and pentanoic acids Doi , Y. , A. Tamaki , M. Kunioka , and K. Soga . 1988 . Production of copolyesters of 3-hydroxybutyrate by Alcaligenes eutrophus from butyric and pentanoic acids . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 28 : 330 - 334 . 

  51. J. Bacteriol. Dunlop W. F. 1271 114 1973 10.1128/jb.114.3.1271-1280.1973 Ultrastructural study of poly-,B-hydroxybutyrate granules from Bacillus cereus Dunlop , W. F. , and A. W. Robards . 1973 . Ultrastructural study of poly-,B-hydroxybutyrate granules from Bacillus cereus . J. Bacteriol. 114 : 1271 - 1280 . 

  52. J. Mol. Biol. Ellar D. 489 35 1968 10.1016/S0022-2836(68)80009-9 Morphology of poly-,-hydroxybutyrate granules Ellar , D. , D. G. Lundgren , K. Okamura , and R. H. Marchessault . 1968 . Morphology of poly-,-hydroxybutyrate granules . J. Mol. Biol. 35 : 489 - 502 . 

  53. Emerich D. W. G. E. Anthon R. R. Hayes D. B. Karr R. Liang G. G. Preston M. T. Smith and J. K. Waters. 1988. Metabolism of Rhizobium-leguminous plant nodules with an emphasis on bacteroid carbon metabolism p. 539-546. In H. Bothe F. J. Bruinj and W. E. Newton (ed.) Nitrogen fixation: hundred years after. Gustav Fischer Verlag New York. 

  54. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Fernandez-Castillo R. 214 51 1986 10.1128/aem.51.1.214-216.1986 Accumulation of poly(,-hydroxybutyrate) by halobacteria Fernandez-Castillo , R. , F. Rodriguez-Valera , J. Gonzalez-Ramos , and F. Ruiz-Berraquero . 1986 . Accumulation of poly(,-hydroxybutyrate) by halobacteria . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 51 : 214 - 216 . 

  55. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Findlay R. H. 71 45 1983 10.1128/aem.45.1.71-78.1983 Polymeric betahydroxyalkanoates from environmental samples and Bacillus megaterium Findlay , R. H. , and D. C. White . 1983 . Polymeric betahydroxyalkanoates from environmental samples and Bacillus megaterium . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 45 : 71 - 78 . 

  56. Microbiol. Sci. Findlay R. H. 90 1 1984 In situ determination of metabolic activity in aquatic environments Findlay , R. H. , and D. C. White . 1984 . In situ determination of metabolic activity in aquatic environments . Microbiol. Sci. 1 : 90 - 95 . 

  57. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. Fritzsche K. 85 12 1990 10.1016/0141-8130(90)90058-I Production of unsaturated polyesters by Pseudomonas oleovorans Fritzsche , K. , R. W. Lenz , and R. C. Fuller . 1990 . Production of unsaturated polyesters by Pseudomonas oleovorans . Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 12 : 85 - 91 . 

  58. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. Fritzsche K. 92 12 1990 10.1016/0141-8130(90)90059-J Bacterial polyesters containing branched poly(,-hydroxyalkanoate) units Fritzsche , K. , R. W. Lenz , and R. C. Fuller . 1990 . Bacterial polyesters containing branched poly(,-hydroxyalkanoate) units . Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 12 : 92 - 101 . 

  59. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Fukui T. 365 917 1987 10.1016/0005-2760(87)90114-7 Purification and characterization of NADP-linked acetoacetyl-CoA reductase from Zoogloea ramigera I-16-M Fukui , T. , M. Ito , T. Saito , and K. Tomita . 1987 . Purification and characterization of NADP-linked acetoacetyl-CoA reductase from Zoogloea ramigera I-16-M . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 917 : 365 - 371 . 

  60. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Fukui T. 164 952 1988 10.1016/0167-4838(88)90112-4 Effect of limited tryptic modification of a bacterial poly(P-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase on its catalytic activity Fukui , T. , T. Narikawa , K. Miwa , Y. Shirakura , and K. Tomita . 1988 . Effect of limited tryptic modification of a bacterial poly(P-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase on its catalytic activity . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 952 : 164 - 171 . 

  61. Arch. Microbiol. Fukui T. 149 110 1976 10.1007/BF00690222 Enzymatic synthesis of poly-,B-hydroxybutyrate in Zoogloea ramigera Fukui , T. , A. Yoshimoto , M. Matsumoto , S. Hosokawa , T. Saito , H. Nishikawa , and K. Tomita . 1976 . Enzymatic synthesis of poly-,B-hydroxybutyrate in Zoogloea ramigera . Arch. Microbiol. 110 : 149 - 156 . 

  62. C. R. Acad. Sci. Gavard R. 1557 265 1967 Degradation of 3-hydroxybutyric acid lipid by an enzyme extract of Bacillus megaterium Gavard , R. , A. Dahinger , B. Hauttecoeur , and C. Reynaud . 1967 . Degradation of 3-hydroxybutyric acid lipid by an enzyme extract of Bacillus megaterium . C. R. Acad. Sci. 265 : 1557 - 1559 . 

  63. Polym. Degrad. Stabil. Grassie N. 47 6 1984 10.1016/0141-3910(84)90016-8 The thermal degradation of poly(-(D)-P-hydroxybutyric acid). 1. Identification and quantitative analysis of products Grassie , N. , E. J. Murray , and P. A. Holmes . 1984 . The thermal degradation of poly(-(D)-P-hydroxybutyric acid). 1. Identification and quantitative analysis of products . Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 6 : 47 - 61 . 

  64. Polym. Degrad. Stabil. Grassie N. 127 6 1984 10.1016/0141-3910(84)90032-6 The thermal degradation of poly(-(D)-P-hydroxybutyric acid). 3. The reaction mechanism Grassie , N. , E. J. Murray , and P. A. Holmes . 1984 . The thermal degradation of poly(-(D)-P-hydroxybutyric acid). 3. The reaction mechanism . Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 6 : 127 - 134 . 

  65. J. Bacteriol. Griebel R. 782 108 1971 10.1128/jb.108.2.782-789.1971 Metabolism of poly-,Bhydroxybutyrate: effect of mild alkaline extraction on native poly-f3-hydroxybutyrate granules Griebel , R. , and J. M. Merrick . 1971 . Metabolism of poly-,Bhydroxybutyrate: effect of mild alkaline extraction on native poly-f3-hydroxybutyrate granules . J. Bacteriol. 108 : 782 - 789 . 

  66. Biochemistry Griebel R. 3676 7 1968 10.1021/bi00850a047 Metabolism of poly-J-hydroxybutyrate. I. Purification, composition and properties of native poly-,-hydroxybutyrate granules from Bacillus megaterium Griebel , R. , Z. Smith , and J. M. Merrick . 1968 . Metabolism of poly-J-hydroxybutyrate. I. Purification, composition and properties of native poly-,-hydroxybutyrate granules from Bacillus megaterium . Biochemistry 7 : 3676 - 3681 . 

  67. Polym. Prepr. Gross R. A. 492 30 1989 The biosynthesis and characterization of new poly(P-hydroxyalkanoates) Gross , R. A. , H. Brandl , H. W. Ulmer , M. A. Posada , R. C. Fuller , and R. W. Lenz . 1989 . The biosynthesis and characterization of new poly(P-hydroxyalkanoates) . Polym. Prepr. 30 : 492 - 493 . 

  68. Macromolecules Gross R. A. 1106 22 1989 10.1021/ma00193a018 Biosynthesis and characterization of poly(,Bhydroxyalkanoates) produced by Pseudomonas oleovorans Gross , R. A. , C. De Mello , R. W. Lenz , H. Brandl , and R. C. Fuller . 1989 . Biosynthesis and characterization of poly(,Bhydroxyalkanoates) produced by Pseudomonas oleovorans . Macromolecules 22 : 1106 - 1115 . 

  69. Bacteriol. Rev. Haddock B. A. 47 41 1977 10.1128/br.41.1.47-99.1977 Bacterial respiration Haddock , B. A. , and C. W. Jones . 1977 . Bacterial respiration . Bacteriol. Rev. 41 : 47 - 99 . 

  70. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. Haywood G. W. 91 52 1988 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1988.tb02577.x Characterization of two 3-ketothiolases in the polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesizing organism Alcaligenes eutrophus Haywood , G. W. , A. J. Anderson , L. Chu , and E. A. Dawes . 1988 . Characterization of two 3-ketothiolases in the polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesizing organism Alcaligenes eutrophus . FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 52 : 91 - 96 . 

  71. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. Haywood G. W. 259 52 1988 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1988.tb02607.x The role of NADH- and NADPH-linked acetoacetyl-CoA reductases in the poly-3-hydroxyalkanoate synthesizing organism Alcaligenes eutrophus Haywood , G. W. , A. J. Anderson , L. Chu , and E. A. Dawes . 1988 . The role of NADH- and NADPH-linked acetoacetyl-CoA reductases in the poly-3-hydroxyalkanoate synthesizing organism Alcaligenes eutrophus . FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 52 : 259 - 264 . 

  72. Biochem. Soc. Trans. Haywood G. W. 1046 16 1988 10.1042/bst0161046 Accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoates by bacteria and the substrate specificities of the biosynthetic enzymes Haywood , G. W. , A. J. Anderson , L. Chu , and E. A. Dawes . 1988 . Accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoates by bacteria and the substrate specificities of the biosynthetic enzymes . Biochem. Soc. Trans. 16 : 1046 - 1047 . 

  73. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. Haywood G. W. 1 57 1989 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03210.x The importance of PHB-synthase substrate specificity in polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis by Alcaligenes eutrophus Haywood , G. W. , A. J. Anderson , and E. A. Dawes . 1989 . The importance of PHB-synthase substrate specificity in polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis by Alcaligenes eutrophus . FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 57 : 1 - 6 . 

  74. Biotechnol. Lett. Haywood G. W. 471 11 1989 10.1007/BF01026644 A survey of the accumulation of novel polyhydroxyalkanoates by bacteria Haywood , G. W. , A. J. Anderson , and E. A. Dawes . 1989 . A survey of the accumulation of novel polyhydroxyalkanoates by bacteria . Biotechnol. Lett. 11 : 471 - 476 . 

  75. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Haywood G. W. 3354 56 1990 10.1128/aem.56.11.3354-3359.1990 Accumulation of a polyhydroxyalkanoate containing primarily 3-hydroxydecanoate from simple carbohydrate substrates by Pseudomonas sp. strain NCIMB 40135 . Haywood , G. W. , A. J. Anderson , D. F. Ewing , and E. A. Dawes . 1990 . Accumulation of a polyhydroxyalkanoate containing primarily 3-hydroxydecanoate from simple carbohydrate substrates by Pseudomonas sp. strain NCIMB 40135 . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56 : 3354 - 3359 . 

  76. Eur. J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Heinzle E. 8 11 1980 10.1007/BF00514072 A kinetic model for growth and synthesis of poly-,-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) from Alcaligenes eutrophus Heinzle , E. , and R. M. Lafferty . 1980 . A kinetic model for growth and synthesis of poly-,-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) from Alcaligenes eutrophus . Eur. J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 11 : 8 - 16 . 

  77. Polym. Prepr. Helleur R. J. 609 29 1988 Pyrolysis-gas chromatography for the rapid characterization of bacterial poly(j3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Helleur , R. J. 1988 . Pyrolysis-gas chromatography for the rapid characterization of bacterial poly(j3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) . Polym. Prepr. 29 : 609 - 610 . 

  78. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Herron J. S. 251 35 1978 10.1128/aem.35.2.251-257.1978 Recovery of poly-p-hydroxybutyrate from environmental sludge Herron , J. S. , J. D. King , and D. C. White . 1978 . Recovery of poly-p-hydroxybutyrate from environmental sludge . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 35 : 251 - 257 . 

  79. Arch. Mikrobiol. Hippe H. 278 56 1967 Hydrolyse von PHBS durch intracellulare Depolymerase von Hydrogenomonas H16 Hippe , H. , and H. G. Schlegel . 1967 . Hydrolyse von PHBS durch intracellulare Depolymerase von Hydrogenomonas H16 . Arch. Mikrobiol. 56 : 278 - 299 . 

  80. Phys. Technol. Holmes P. A. 32 16 1985 10.1088/0305-4624/16/1/305 Applications of PHB-a microbially produced biodegradable thermoplastic Holmes , P. A. 1985 . Applications of PHB-a microbially produced biodegradable thermoplastic . Phys. Technol. 16 : 32 - 36 . 

  81. 10.1007/978-94-009-1341-7_1 Holmes P. A. 1988. Biologically produced (R)-3-hydroxyalkanoate polymers and copolymers p. 1-65. In D. C. Bassett (ed.) Developments in crystalline polymers-2. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers London. 

  82. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Huisman G. J. 1949 55 1989 10.1128/aem.55.8.1949-1954.1989 Synthesis of poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates is a common feature of fluorescent pseudomonads Huisman , G. J. , 0. de Leeuw , G. Eggink , and B. Witholt . 1989 . Synthesis of poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates is a common feature of fluorescent pseudomonads . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55 : 1949 - 1954 . 

  83. J. Gen. Microbiol. Jackson F. A. 303 97 1976 10.1099/00221287-97-2-303 Regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and poly-p-hydroxybutyrate metabolism in Azotobacter beijerinckii grown under nitrogen or oxygen limitation Jackson , F. A. , and E. A. Dawes . 1976 . Regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and poly-p-hydroxybutyrate metabolism in Azotobacter beijerinckii grown under nitrogen or oxygen limitation . J. Gen. Microbiol. 97 : 303 - 312 . 

  84. J. Biol. Chem. Jacob G. S. 16785 261 1986 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)75956-0 Direct measurement of poly(P-hydroxybutyrate) in a pseudomonad by solid state 13C NMR Jacob , G. S. , J. R. Garbow , and J. Schaefer . 1986 . Direct measurement of poly(P-hydroxybutyrate) in a pseudomonad by solid state 13C NMR . J. Biol. Chem. 261 : 16785 - 16787 . 

  85. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Karr D. B. 1339 46 1983 10.1128/aem.46.6.1339-1344.1983 Analysis of poly-p-hydroxybutyrate in Rhizobiumjaponicum bacteroids by ion-exchange high-pressure liquid chromatography and UV detection Karr , D. B. , J. K. Waters , and D. W. Emerich . 1983 . Analysis of poly-p-hydroxybutyrate in Rhizobiumjaponicum bacteroids by ion-exchange high-pressure liquid chromatography and UV detection . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 46 : 1339 - 1344 . 

  86. Plant Physiol. Karr D. B. 1158 75 1984 10.1104/pp.75.4.1158 Enzymes of the poly-f-hydroxybutyrate and citric acid cycles of Rhizobium japonicum bacteroids Karr , D. B. , J. K. Waters , F. Suzuki , and D. W. Emerich . 1984 . Enzymes of the poly-f-hydroxybutyrate and citric acid cycles of Rhizobium japonicum bacteroids . Plant Physiol. 75 : 1158 - 1162 . 

  87. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. Kawaguchi Y. 151 79 1990 10.1016/S0378-1097(05)80030-8 Structure of native poly(3- hydroxybutyrate) granules characterized by X-ray diffraction Kawaguchi , Y. , and Y. Doi . 1990 . Structure of native poly(3- hydroxybutyrate) granules characterized by X-ray diffraction . FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 79 : 151 - 156 . 

  88. Pharm. Ind. Korsatko W. 1004 45 1983 Poly-D-hydroxybutyric acid-a biologically degradable vehicle to regard release of a drug Korsatko , W. , B. Wabnegg , H. M. Tillian , G. Braunegg , and R. M. Lafferty . 1983 . Poly-D-hydroxybutyric acid-a biologically degradable vehicle to regard release of a drug . Pharm. Ind. 45 : 1004 - 1007 . 

  89. Pharm. Ind. Korsatko W. 952 46 1984 Poly D(-)-3-hydroxybutyric acid (poly-HBA)-a biodegradable former for long-term medication dosage. 3. Studies on compatibility of poly-HBA implantation tablets in tissue culture and animals Korsatko , W. , B. Wabnegg , H. M. Tillian , G. Egger , R. Pfragner , and V. Walser . 1984 . Poly D(-)-3-hydroxybutyric acid (poly-HBA)-a biodegradable former for long-term medication dosage. 3. Studies on compatibility of poly-HBA implantation tablets in tissue culture and animals . Pharm. Ind. 46 : 952 - 954 . 

  90. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Kunioka M. 569 30 1989 10.1007/BF00255361 Production of biodegradable copolyesters of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate by Alcaligenes eutrophus Kunioka , M. , Y. Kawaguchi , and Y. Doi . 1989 . Production of biodegradable copolyesters of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate by Alcaligenes eutrophus . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 30 : 569 - 573 . 

  91. Polym. Commun. Kunioka M. 174 29 1988 New bacterial copolyesters produced in Alcaligenes eutrophus from organic acids Kunioka , M. , Y. Nakamura , and Y. Doi . 1988 . New bacterial copolyesters produced in Alcaligenes eutrophus from organic acids . Polym. Commun. 29 : 174 - 176 . 

  92. Bakterien. Chem. Rundschau Lafferty R. M. 14 30 1977 Extraktion eines Thermoplasten aus . Lafferty , R. M. , and E. Heinzle . 1977 . Extraktion eines Thermoplasten aus Bakterien. Chem. Rundschau 30 : 14 - 16 . 

  93. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Lageveen R. G. 2924 54 1988 10.1128/aem.54.12.2924-2932.1988 Formation of polyesters by Pseudomonas oleovorans: effect of substrates on formation and composition of poly-(R)-3-hydroxyalkanoates and poly(R)-3-hydroxyalkenoates Lageveen , R. G. , G. W. Huisman , H. Preusting , P. Ketelaar , G. Eggink , and B. Witholt . 1988 . Formation of polyesters by Pseudomonas oleovorans: effect of substrates on formation and composition of poly-(R)-3-hydroxyalkanoates and poly(R)-3-hydroxyalkenoates . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54 : 2924 - 2932 . 

  94. J. Bacteriol. Law J. H. 33 82 1961 10.1128/jb.82.1.33-36.1961 Assay of poly-phydroxybutyric acid Law , J. H. , and R. A. Slepecky . 1961 . Assay of poly-phydroxybutyric acid . J. Bacteriol. 82 : 33 - 36 . 

  95. Bull. Soc. Chem. Biol. Lemoigne M. 770 8 1926 Products of dehydration and of polymerization of P-hydroxybutyric acid Lemoigne , M. 1926 . Products of dehydration and of polymerization of P-hydroxybutyric acid . Bull. Soc. Chem. Biol. 8 : 770 - 782 . 

  96. J. Bacteriol. Lundgren D. G. 245 89 1965 10.1128/jb.89.1.245-251.1965 Characterization of poly-p-hydroxybutyrate extracted from different bacteria Lundgren , D. G. , R. Alper , C. Schnaitman , and R. H. Marchessault . 1965 . Characterization of poly-p-hydroxybutyrate extracted from different bacteria . J. Bacteriol. 89 : 245 - 251 . 

  97. J. Gen. Microbiol. Lundgren D. G. 441 34 1964 10.1099/00221287-34-3-441 Structure of poly(,3-hydroxybutyric acid) granules Lundgren , D. G. , R. M. Pfister , and J. M. Merrick . 1964 . Structure of poly(,3-hydroxybutyric acid) granules . J. Gen. Microbiol. 34 : 441 - 446 . 

  98. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Lusty C. J. 960 56 1966 10.1073/pnas.56.3.960 Poly-p-hydroxybutyrate depolymerase of Pseudomonas lemoigneii Lusty , C. J. , and M. Doudoroff . 1966 . Poly-p-hydroxybutyrate depolymerase of Pseudomonas lemoigneii . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 56 : 960 - 965 . 

  99. Makromol. Chem. Macromol. Symp. Marchessault R. H. 235 19 1988 10.1002/masy.19880190120 Poly(,-hydroxyalkanoates): biorefinery polymers in search of applications Marchessault , R. H. , T. L. Bluhm , Y. Deslandes , G. K. Hamer , W. J. Orts , P. J. Sundarajan , M. G. Taylor , S. Bloembergen , and D. A. Holden . 1988 . Poly(,-hydroxyalkanoates): biorefinery polymers in search of applications . Makromol. Chem. Macromol. Symp. 19 : 235 - 254 . 

  100. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. Marchessault R. H. 158 12 1990 10.1016/0141-8130(90)90068-L Chiral poly(,B-hydroxyalkanoates): an adaptable helix influenced by the alkane side-chain Marchessault , R. H. , C. J. Monasterios , F. G. Morin , and P. R. Sundarajan . 1990 . Chiral poly(,B-hydroxyalkanoates): an adaptable helix influenced by the alkane side-chain . Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 12 : 158 - 165 . 

  101. Macromolecules Marchessault R. H. 735 3 1970 10.1021/ma60018a005 Physical properties of poly(P-hydroxybutyrate). II. Conformation aspects in solution Marchessault , R. H. , K. Okamura , and C. J. Su. 1970 . Physical properties of poly(P-hydroxybutyrate). II. Conformation aspects in solution . Macromolecules 3 : 735 - 740 . 

  102. J. Bacteriol. Mas J. 749 164 1985 10.1128/jb.164.2.749-756.1985 Mathematical model for determining the effects of intracytoplasmic inclusions on volume and density of microorganisms Mas , J. , C. Pedr 6s-Ali 6, and R. Guerrero . 1985 . Mathematical model for determining the effects of intracytoplasmic inclusions on volume and density of microorganisms . J. Bacteriol. 164 : 749 - 756 . 

  103. Pure Appl. Chem. Masamune S. 303 61 1989 10.1351/pac198961030303 Poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) biosynthesis: mechanistic studies on the biological Claisen condensation catalysed by ,-ketoacyl thiolase Masamune , S. , C. T. Walsh , A. J. Sinskey , and 0. P. Peoples . 1989 . Poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) biosynthesis: mechanistic studies on the biological Claisen condensation catalysed by ,-ketoacyl thiolase . Pure Appl. Chem. 61 : 303 - 312 . 

  104. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. McDermott T. R. 327 63 1989 Carbon metabolism in Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteroids McDermott , T. R. , S. M. Griffith , C. P. Vance , and P. H. Graham . 1989 . Carbon metabolism in Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteroids . FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 63 : 327 - 340 . 

  105. Merrick J. M. 1978. Metabolism of reserve materials p. 199-219. In R. K. Clayton and W. R. Sistrom (ed.) The photosynthetic bacteria. Plenum Publishing Corp. New York. 

  106. Polym. Prep. Merrick J. M. 586 29 1988 Studies on the enzymic synthesis and degradation of poly-B-hydroxybutyrate Merrick , J. M. 1988 . Studies on the enzymic synthesis and degradation of poly-B-hydroxybutyrate . Polym. Prep. 29 : 586 - 587 . 

  107. Nature (London) Merrick J. M. 890 189 1961 10.1038/189890a0 Enzymatic synthesis of poly-p-hydroxybutyric acid in bacteria Merrick , J. M. , and M. Doudoroff . 1961 . Enzymatic synthesis of poly-p-hydroxybutyric acid in bacteria . Nature (London) 189 : 890 - 892 . 

  108. J. Bacteriol. Merrick J. M. 60 88 1964 10.1128/jb.88.1.60-71.1964 Depolymerization of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate by an intracellular enzyme system Merrick , J. M. , and M. Doudoroff . 1964 . Depolymerization of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate by an intracellular enzyme system . J. Bacteriol. 88 : 60 - 71 . 

  109. Biochemistry Merrick J. M. 3563 5 1966 10.1021/bi00875a026 Purification and properties of a D(-)-p-hydroxybutyric dimer hydrolase from Rhodospirillum rubrum Merrick , J. M. , and C. I. Yu. 1966 . Purification and properties of a D(-)-p-hydroxybutyric dimer hydrolase from Rhodospirillum rubrum . Biochemistry 5 : 3563 - 3568 . 

  110. Biomaterials Miller N. D. 129 8 1987 10.1016/0142-9612(87)90102-5 On the biodegradation of the poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) homopolymer and poly,-hydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate copolymers Miller , N. D. , and D. F. Williams . 1987 . On the biodegradation of the poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) homopolymer and poly,-hydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate copolymers . Biomaterials 8 : 129 - 137 . 

  111. Polym. J. Mitomo H. 1241 19 1987 10.1295/polymj.19.1241 Crystallization and morphology of poly(,B-hydroxybutyrate) and its copolymer Mitomo , H. , P. J. Barham , and A. Keller . 1987 . Crystallization and morphology of poly(,B-hydroxybutyrate) and its copolymer . Polym. J. 19 : 1241 - 1253 . 

  112. Can. J. Chem. Morikawa H. 2306 59 1981 10.1139/v81-334 Pyrolysis of bacterial polyalkanoates Morikawa , H. , and R. H. Marchessault . 1981 . Pyrolysis of bacterial polyalkanoates . Can. J. Chem. 59 : 2306 - 2313 . 

  113. Biochemistry Moskowitz G. J. 2748 8 1969 10.1021/bi00835a009 Metabolism of poly-,-hydroxybutyrate. II. Enzymatic synthesis of D-(-)-phydroxybutyryl coenzyme A by an enoyl hydrase from Rhodospirillum rubrum Moskowitz , G. J. , and J. M. Memck . 1969 . Metabolism of poly-,-hydroxybutyrate. II. Enzymatic synthesis of D-(-)-phydroxybutyryl coenzyme A by an enoyl hydrase from Rhodospirillum rubrum . Biochemistry 8 : 2748 - 2755 . 

  114. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Moustafa E. 9 391 1975 10.1016/0005-2744(75)90146-1 Effect of adenine nucleotides on NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases in rhizobia and bacteroids of legume root nodules Moustafa , E. , and C. K. Leong . 1975 . Effect of adenine nucleotides on NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases in rhizobia and bacteroids of legume root nodules . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 391 : 9 - 14 . 

  115. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Nakayama K. 63 827 1985 10.1016/0167-4838(85)90101-3 Purification and properties of extracellular poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerases from Pseudomonas lemoignei Nakayama , K. , T. Saito , T. Fukui , Y. Shirakura , and K. Tomita . 1985 . Purification and properties of extracellular poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerases from Pseudomonas lemoignei . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 827 : 63 - 72 . 

  116. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Nickels J. S. 459 37 1979 10.1128/aem.37.3.459-465.1979 Poly-,Bhydroxybutyrate accumulation as a measure of unbalanced growth of the estuarine detrital microbiota Nickels , J. S. , J. D. King , and D. C. White . 1979 . Poly-,Bhydroxybutyrate accumulation as a measure of unbalanced growth of the estuarine detrital microbiota . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 37 : 459 - 465 . 

  117. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Nickerson K. W. 1208 43 1982 10.1128/aem.43.5.1208-1209.1982 Purification of poly-p-hydroxybutyrate by density gradient centrifugation in sodium bromide Nickerson , K. W. 1982 . Purification of poly-p-hydroxybutyrate by density gradient centrifugation in sodium bromide . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43 : 1208 - 1209 . 

  118. Arch. Microbiol. Nishimura T. 21 116 1978 10.1007/BF00408729 Purification and properties of P-ketothiolase from Zoogloea ramigera Nishimura , T. , T. Saito , and K. Tomita . 1978 . Purification and properties of P-ketothiolase from Zoogloea ramigera . Arch. Microbiol. 116 : 21 - 27 . 

  119. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Odham G. 905 52 1986 10.1128/aem.52.4.905-910.1986 Combined determination of poly-p-hydroxyalkanoic and cellular fatty acids in starved marine bacteria and sewage sludge by gas chromatography with flame ionization or mass spectrometry detection Odham , G. , A. Tunlid , G. Westerdahl , and P. Marden . 1986 . Combined determination of poly-p-hydroxyalkanoic and cellular fatty acids in starved marine bacteria and sewage sludge by gas chromatography with flame ionization or mass spectrometry detection . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 52 : 905 - 910 . 

  120. Biochem. J. Oeding V. 239 134 1973 10.1042/bj1340239 1-Ketothiolase from Hydrogenomonas eutropha H16 and its significance in the regulation of poly-p-hydroxybutyrate metabolism Oeding , V. , and H. G. Schlegel . 1973 . 1-Ketothiolase from Hydrogenomonas eutropha H16 and its significance in the regulation of poly-p-hydroxybutyrate metabolism . Biochem. J. 134 : 239 - 248 . 

  121. 10.1016/B978-1-4832-2843-3.50023-6 Okamura K. and R. H. Marchessault. 1967. X-ray structure of poly- B-hydroxybutyrate p. 709-720. In G. M. Ramachandran (ed.) Conformation of biopolymers vol. 2. Academic Press Inc. New York. 

  122. Polym. Prepr. Organ S. J. 602 29 1988 Electron microscopic investigations of the structure and nucleation of polyalkanoate copolymers and blends Organ , S. J. , and P. J. Barham . 1988 . Electron microscopic investigations of the structure and nucleation of polyalkanoate copolymers and blends . Polym. Prepr. 29 : 602 . 

  123. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Ostle A. G. 238 44 1982 10.1128/aem.44.1.238-241.1982 Nile Blue A as a fluorescent stain for poly-1-hydroxybutyrate Ostle , A. G. , and J. G. Holt . 1982 . Nile Blue A as a fluorescent stain for poly-1-hydroxybutyrate . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 44 : 238 - 241 . 

  124. Colloid Polym. Sci. Owen A. J. 799 263 1985 10.1007/BF01412956 Some dynamic mechanical properties of microbially produced poly-13-hydroxybutyrate/I-hydroxyvalerate Owen , A. J. 1985 . Some dynamic mechanical properties of microbially produced poly-13-hydroxybutyrate/I-hydroxyvalerate . Colloid Polym. Sci. 263 : 799 - 803 . 

  125. Biochem. Soc. Trans. Packter N. M. 598 11 1983 10.1042/bst0110598 Characterization of acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (3-oxoreductase) from Streptomyces coelicolor: its possible role in polyhydroxybutyrate biosynthesis Packter , N. M. , and S. Flatman . 1983 . Characterization of acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (3-oxoreductase) from Streptomyces coelicolor: its possible role in polyhydroxybutyrate biosynthesis . Biochem. Soc. Trans. 11 : 598 - 599 . 

  126. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Page W. J. 329 31 1989 Production of poly-p-hydroxybutyrate by Azotobacter vinelandii strain UWD during growth on molasses and other complex carbon sources Page , W. J. 1989 . Production of poly-p-hydroxybutyrate by Azotobacter vinelandii strain UWD during growth on molasses and other complex carbon sources . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 31 : 329 - 333 . 

  127. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Page W. J. 1334 55 1989 10.1128/aem.55.6.1334-1339.1989 Hyperproduction of poly-fhydroxybutyrate during exponential growth of Azotobacter vinelandii UWD Page , W. J. , and 0. Knosp . 1989 . Hyperproduction of poly-fhydroxybutyrate during exponential growth of Azotobacter vinelandii UWD Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55 : 1334 - 1339 . 

  128. Arch. Microbiol. Pedr C. 178 143 1985 10.1007/BF00411044 The influence of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate accumulation on cell volume and buoyant density in Alcaligenes eutrophus Pedr 6s-Ali 6, C. , J. Mas , and R. Guerrero . 1985 . The influence of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate accumulation on cell volume and buoyant density in Alcaligenes eutrophus . Arch. Microbiol. 143 : 178 - 184 . 

  129. J. Biol. Chem. Peoples 0. 97 262 1987 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)75893-1 Biosynthetic thiolase from Zoogloea ramigera. III. Isolation and characterization of the structural gene Peoples , 0. P. , S. Masamune , C. T. Walsh , and A. J. Sinskey . 1987 . Biosynthetic thiolase from Zoogloea ramigera. III. Isolation and characterization of the structural gene . J. Biol. Chem. 262 : 97 - 102 . 

  130. J. Biol. Chem. Peoples 0. 15293 264 1989 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)84824-X Poly-,-hydroxybutyrate biosynthesis in Alcaligenes eutrophus H16. Characterization of the genes encoding 3-ketothiolase and acetoacetyl-CoA reductase Peoples , 0. P. , and A. J. Sinskey . 1989 . Poly-,-hydroxybutyrate biosynthesis in Alcaligenes eutrophus H16. Characterization of the genes encoding 3-ketothiolase and acetoacetyl-CoA reductase . J. Biol. Chem. 264 : 15293 - 15297 . 

  131. J. Biol. Chem. Peoples 0. 15298 264 1989 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)84825-1 Poly-,B-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) biosynthesis in Alcaligenes eutrophus H16. Identification and characterization of the PHB polymerase gene (phbC) Peoples , 0. P. , and A. J. Sinskey . 1989 . Poly-,B-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) biosynthesis in Alcaligenes eutrophus H16. Identification and characterization of the PHB polymerase gene (phbC) . J. Biol. Chem. 264 : 15298 - 15303 . 

  132. Eur. J. Biochem. Ploux O. 177 174 1988 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14079.x The NADPHlinked acetoacetyl-CoA reductase from Zoogloea ramigera. Characterization and mechanistic studies of the cloned enzyme overproduced in Escherichia coli Ploux , O. , S. Masamune , and C. T. Walsh . 1988 . The NADPHlinked acetoacetyl-CoA reductase from Zoogloea ramigera. Characterization and mechanistic studies of the cloned enzyme overproduced in Escherichia coli . Eur. J. Biochem. 174 : 177 - 182 . 

  133. Science Pool R. 1187 245 1989 10.1126/science.245.4923.1187 In search of the plastic potato Pool , R. 1989 . In search of the plastic potato . Science 245 : 1187 - 1189 . 

  134. 10.1007/978-1-4613-0803-4_3 Preiss J. 1989. Chemistry and metabolism of intracellular reserves p. 189-258. In E. R. Leadbetter and J. S. Poindexter (ed.) Bacteria in nature vol. 3. Plenum Publishing Corp. New York. 

  135. Biotechnol. Tech. Ramsay J. A. 221 4 1990 10.1007/BF00158833 Recovery of poly-3-hydroxyalkanoic acid granules by a surfactant-hypochlorite treatment Ramsay , J. A. , E. Berger , B. A. Ramsay , and C. Chavarie . 1990 . Recovery of poly-3-hydroxyalkanoic acid granules by a surfactant-hypochlorite treatment . Biotechnol. Tech. 4 : 221 - 226 . 

  136. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Ramsay B. A. 584 55 1989 10.1128/aem.55.3.584-589.1989 Production of poly-4-hydroxyalkanoic acid by Pseudomonas cepacia Ramsay , B. A. , J. A. Ramsay , and D. G. Cooper . 1989 . Production of poly-4-hydroxyalkanoic acid by Pseudomonas cepacia . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55 : 584 - 589 . 

  137. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. Reusch R. N. 377 191 1989 10.3181/00379727-191-42936 Poly-,B-hydroxybutyrate/calcium polyphosphate complexes in eukaryotic membranes Reusch , R. N. 1989 . Poly-,B-hydroxybutyrate/calcium polyphosphate complexes in eukaryotic membranes . Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 191 : 377 - 381 . 

  138. J. Bacteriol. Reusch R. N. 553 168 1986 10.1128/jb.168.2.553-562.1986 Poly-,Bhydroxybutyrate membrane structure and its relationship to genetic transformability in Escherichia coli Reusch , R. N. , T. W. Hiske , and H. L. Sadoff . 1986 . Poly-,Bhydroxybutyrate membrane structure and its relationship to genetic transformability in Escherichia coli . J. Bacteriol. 168 : 553 - 562 . 

  139. Can. J. Microbiol. Reusch R. N. 435 33 1987 10.1139/m87-073 Cellular incorporation of poly-f-hydroxybutyrate into plasma membranes of Escherichia coli and Azotobacter vinelandii alters native membrane structure Reusch , R. N. , T. W. Hiske , H. L. Sadoff , R. Harris , and T. Beveridge . 1987 . Cellular incorporation of poly-f-hydroxybutyrate into plasma membranes of Escherichia coli and Azotobacter vinelandii alters native membrane structure . Can. J. Microbiol. 33 : 435 - 444 . 

  140. J. Bacteriol. Reusch R. N. 778 156 1983 10.1128/jb.156.2.778-788.1983 D(-)-Poly-p-hydroxybutyrate in membranes of genetically competent bacteria Reusch , R. N. , and H. L. Sadoff . 1983 . D(-)-Poly-p-hydroxybutyrate in membranes of genetically competent bacteria . J. Bacteriol. 156 : 778 - 788 . 

  141. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Reusch R. N. 4176 85 1988 10.1073/pnas.85.12.4176 Putative structure and functions of a poly-p-hydroxybutyrate/calcium polyphosphate channel in bacterial plasma membranes Reusch , R. N. , and H. L. Sadoff . 1988 . Putative structure and functions of a poly-p-hydroxybutyrate/calcium polyphosphate channel in bacterial plasma membranes . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85 : 4176 - 4180 . 

  142. J. Chromatogr. Riis V. 285 445 1988 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)84535-0 Gas chromatographic determination of poly-,B-hydroxybutyric acid in microbial biomass after hydrochloric acid propanolysis Riis , V. , and W. Mai . 1988 . Gas chromatographic determination of poly-,B-hydroxybutyric acid in microbial biomass after hydrochloric acid propanolysis . J. Chromatogr. 445 : 285 - 289 . 

  143. Biochem. J. Ritchie G. A. F. 803 112 1969 10.1042/bj1120803 The non-involvement of acyl-carrier protein in poly-p-hydroxybutyrate synthesis in Azotobacter beijerinckii Ritchie , G. A. F. , and E. A. Dawes . 1969 . The non-involvement of acyl-carrier protein in poly-p-hydroxybutyrate synthesis in Azotobacter beijerinckii . Biochem. J. 112 : 803 - 805 . 

  144. Biochem. J. Ritchie G. A. F. 309 121 1971 10.1042/bj1210309 The purification and characterization of acetoacetyl-coenzyme A reductase from Azotobacter beijerinckii Ritchie , G. A. F. , P. J. Senior , and E. A. Dawes . 1971 . The purification and characterization of acetoacetyl-coenzyme A reductase from Azotobacter beijerinckii . Biochem. J. 121 : 309 - 316 . 

  145. Arch. Microbiol. Saito T. 211 114 1977 10.1007/BF00446864 An NADP-linked acetoacetyl CoA reductase from Zoogloea ramigera Saito , T. , T. Fukui , F. Ikeda , Y. Tanaka , and K. Tomita . 1977 . An NADP-linked acetoacetyl CoA reductase from Zoogloea ramigera . Arch. Microbiol. 114 : 211 - 217 . 

  146. J. Bacteriol. Saito T. 184 171 1989 10.1128/jb.171.1.184-189.1989 Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression in Escherichia coli of the gene for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase from Alcaligenes faecalis Saito , T. , K. Suzuki , J. Yamamoto , T. Fukui , K. Miwa , K. Tomita , S. Nakanishi , S. Odani , J. -I. Suzuki , and K. Ishikawa . 1989 . Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression in Escherichia coli of the gene for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase from Alcaligenes faecalis . J. Bacteriol. 171 : 184 - 189 . 

  147. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. Scandola M. 112 12 1990 10.1016/0141-8130(90)90062-F Viscoelastic relaxations and thermal properties of bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrateco-4-hydroxybutyrate) Scandola , M. , G. Ceccoruili , and Y. Doi . 1990 . Viscoelastic relaxations and thermal properties of bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrateco-4-hydroxybutyrate) . Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 12 : 112 - 117 . 

  148. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. Scandola M. 373 10 1988 10.1016/0141-8130(88)90032-3 Viscoelastic and thermal properties of bacterial poly(D-(-)-,B-hydroxybutyrate) Scandola , M. , M. Pizzoli , G. Ceccoruili , A. Cesaro , S. Paoletti , and L. Navarini . 1988 . Viscoelastic and thermal properties of bacterial poly(D-(-)-,B-hydroxybutyrate) . Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 10 : 373 - 377 . 

  149. Arch. Mikrobiol. Schlegel H. G. 283 71 1970 10.1007/BF00410161 The isolation of mutants not accumulating poly-,B-hydroxybutyric acid Schlegel , H. G. , R. Lafferty , and I. Krauss . 1970 . The isolation of mutants not accumulating poly-,B-hydroxybutyric acid . Arch. Mikrobiol. 71 : 283 - 294 . 

  150. Radiat. Radioisotop. Ind. Microorg. Proc. Symp. Schlegel H. G. 223 1971 1971 Selection of mutants not accumulating storage materials Schlegel , H. G. , and V. Oeding . 1971 . Selection of mutants not accumulating storage materials . Radiat. Radioisotop. Ind. Microorg. Proc. Symp. 1971 : 223 - 231 . 

  151. J. Bacteriol. Schubert P. 5837 170 1988 10.1128/jb.170.12.5837-5847.1988 Cloning of the Alcaligenes eutrophus genes for synthesis of poly-phydroxybutyric acid (PHB) and synthesis of PHB in Escherichia coli Schubert , P. , A. Steinbuchel , and H. G. Schlegel . 1988 . Cloning of the Alcaligenes eutrophus genes for synthesis of poly-phydroxybutyric acid (PHB) and synthesis of PHB in Escherichia coli . J. Bacteriol. 170 : 5837 - 5847 . 

  152. J. Gen. Microbiol. Scott D. 63 125 1981 The effect of growth conditions on intracytoplasmic membranes and methane mono-oxygenase activities in Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b Scott , D. , J. Brannan , and I. J. Higgins . 1981 . The effect of growth conditions on intracytoplasmic membranes and methane mono-oxygenase activities in Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b . J. Gen. Microbiol. 125 : 63 - 72 . 

  153. Trends Biotechnol. Sebo P. 321 4 1986 10.1016/0167-7799(86)90184-8 Hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria in biotechnology Sebo , P. 1986 . Hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria in biotechnology . Trends Biotechnol. 4 : 321 - 323 . 

  154. Helv. Chim. Acta. Seebach D. 495 65 1982 10.1002/hlca.19820650208 Uber die Depolymerisierung von Poly-(R)-3-hydroxy-buttersaureester (PHB) Seebach , D. , and M. F. Zuger . 1982 . Uber die Depolymerisierung von Poly-(R)-3-hydroxy-buttersaureester (PHB) . Helv. Chim. Acta. 65 : 495 - 503 . 

  155. Tetrahedron Lett. Seebach D. 2747 25 1985 10.1016/S0040-4039(01)81280-6 On the preparation of methyl and ethyl (R)-(-)-3-hydroxy-valerate by depolymerization of a mixed PHB/PHV biopolymer Seebach , D. , and M. F. Zuger . 1985 . On the preparation of methyl and ethyl (R)-(-)-3-hydroxy-valerate by depolymerization of a mixed PHB/PHV biopolymer . Tetrahedron Lett. 25 : 2747 - 2750 . 

  156. Senior P. J. 1984. Polyhydroxybutyrate a speciality polymer of microbial origin p. 266-271. In A. C. R. Dean D. C. Ellwood and C. G. T. Evans (ed.) Continuous culture vol. 8. Ellis Horwood Chichester England. 

  157. Biochem. J. Senior P. J. 1193 128 1972 10.1042/bj1281193 The role of oxygen limitation in the formation of poly-,Bhydroxybutyrate during batch and continuous culture of Azotobacter beijerinckii Senior , P. J. , G. A. Beech , G. A. F. Ritchie , and E. A. Dawes . 1972 . The role of oxygen limitation in the formation of poly-,Bhydroxybutyrate during batch and continuous culture of Azotobacter beijerinckii . Biochem. J. 128 : 1193 - 1201 . 

  158. Biochem. J. Senior P. J. 55 125 1971 10.1042/bj1250055 Poly-p-hydroxybutyrate biosynthesis and the regulation of glucose metabolism in Azotobacter beijerinckii Senior , P. J. , and E. A. Dawes . 1971 . Poly-p-hydroxybutyrate biosynthesis and the regulation of glucose metabolism in Azotobacter beijerinckii . Biochem. J. 125 : 55 - 66 . 

  159. Biochem. J. Senior P. J. 225 134 1973 10.1042/bj1340225 The regulation of poly-p-hydroxybutyrate metabolism in Azotobacter beijerinckii Senior , P. J. , and E. A. Dawes . 1973 . The regulation of poly-p-hydroxybutyrate metabolism in Azotobacter beijerinckii . Biochem. J. 134 : 225 - 238 . 

  160. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Shirakura Y. 46 880 1986 10.1016/0304-4165(86)90118-2 Degradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) by poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) polymerase from Alcaligenes faecalis T1 Shirakura , Y. , T. Fukui , T. Saito , Y. Okamoto , T. Narikawa , K. Koide , K. Tomita , T. Takemasa , and S. Masamune . 1986 . Degradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) by poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) polymerase from Alcaligenes faecalis T1 . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 880 : 46 - 53 . 

  161. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Shirakura Y. 331 748 1983 10.1016/0167-4838(83)90310-2 An extracellular D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate oligomer hydrolase from Alcaligenes faecalis Shirakura , Y. , T. Fukui , T. Tanio , K. Nakayama , R. Matsuno , and K. Tomita . 1983 . An extracellular D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate oligomer hydrolase from Alcaligenes faecalis . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 748 : 331 - 339 . 

  162. Eur. J. Biochem. Shuto H. 53 118 1981 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1981.tb05485.x An NAD-linked acetoacetyl-CoA reductase from Zoogloea ramigera I-16-M Shuto , H. , T. Fukui , T. Saito , Y. Shirakura , and K. Tomita . 1981 . An NAD-linked acetoacetyl-CoA reductase from Zoogloea ramigera I-16-M . Eur. J. Biochem. 118 : 53 - 59 . 

  163. J. Bacteriol. Slater S. C. 4431 170 1988 10.1128/jb.170.10.4431-4436.1988 Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 poly-p-hydroxybutyrate biosynthetic pathway Slater , S. C. , W. H. Voige , and D. E. Dennis . 1988 . Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 poly-p-hydroxybutyrate biosynthetic pathway . J. Bacteriol. 170 : 4431 - 4436 . 

  164. Smibert R. M. and N. R. Krieg. 1981. General characterization p. 409-443. In P. Gerhardt R. G. E. Murray R. N. Costilow E. W. Nester W. A. Wood N. R. Krieg and G. B. Phillips (ed.) Manual of methods for general bacteriology. American Society for Microbiology Washington D.C. 

  165. Eur. J. Appl. Microbiol. Sonnleitner B. 1 7 1979 10.1007/BF00522473 Formal kinetics of poly-,B-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) production in Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 and Mycoplana rubra R14 with respect to the dissolved oxygen tension in ammonium-limited batch cultures Sonnleitner , B. , E. Heinzle , G. Braunegg , and R. M. Lafferty . 1979 . Formal kinetics of poly-,B-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) production in Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 and Mycoplana rubra R14 with respect to the dissolved oxygen tension in ammonium-limited batch cultures . Eur. J. Appl. Microbiol. 7 : 1 - 10 . 

  166. Biotechnol. Bioeng. Srienc F. 982 26 1984 10.1002/bit.260260824 Characterization of intracellular accumulation of poly-,B-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) in individual cells of Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 by flow cytometry Srienc , F. , B. Arnold , and J. E. Bailey . 1984 . Characterization of intracellular accumulation of poly-,B-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) in individual cells of Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 by flow cytometry . Biotechnol. Bioeng. 26 : 982 - 987 . 

  167. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. Stam H. 215 35 1986 Utilization of poly-,-hydroxybutyrate in free-living cultures of Rhizobium ORS571 Stam , H. , H. W. van Verseveld , W. de Vries , and A. H. Stouthamer . 1986 . Utilization of poly-,-hydroxybutyrate in free-living cultures of Rhizobium ORS571 . FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 35 : 215 - 220 . 

  168. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Steinbuchel A. 168 31 1989 10.1007/BF00262457 Excretion of pyruvate by mutants of Alcaligenes eutrophus, which are impaired in the accumulation of poly(P-hydroxybutyric acid) (PHB), under conditions permitting synthesis of PHB Steinbuchel , A. , and H. G. Schlegel . 1989 . Excretion of pyruvate by mutants of Alcaligenes eutrophus, which are impaired in the accumulation of poly(P-hydroxybutyric acid) (PHB), under conditions permitting synthesis of PHB . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 31 : 168 - 175 . 

  169. Plant Physiol. Stovall I. 787 61 1978 10.1104/pp.61.5.787 Organic acid metabolism by isolated Rhizobium japonicum bacteroids Stovall , I. , and M. Cole . 1978 . Organic acid metabolism by isolated Rhizobium japonicum bacteroids . Plant Physiol. 61 : 787 - 790 . 

  170. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Suzuki T. 487 27 1988 10.1007/BF00451618 Control of molecular weight of poly-,-hydroxybutyric acid produced in fed-batch culture of Protomonas extorquens Suzuki , T. , H. Deguchi , T. Yamane , S. Shimizu , and K. Gekko . 1988 . Control of molecular weight of poly-,-hydroxybutyric acid produced in fed-batch culture of Protomonas extorquens . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 27 : 487 - 491 . 

  171. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Suzuki T. 322 23 1986 10.1007/BF00257027 Mass production of poly-p-hydroxybutyric acid by fully automatic fed-batch culture of methylotroph Suzuki , T. , T. Yamane , and S. Shinizu . 1986 . Mass production of poly-p-hydroxybutyric acid by fully automatic fed-batch culture of methylotroph . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 23 : 322 - 329 . 

  172. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. Suzuki T. 272 254 1987 10.1016/0003-9861(87)90103-2 Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase of Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteroids: purification and properties Suzuki , T. , W. L. Zahler , and D. W. Emerich . 1987 . Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase of Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteroids: purification and properties . Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 254 : 272 - 281 . 

  173. Eur. J. Biochem. Tanio T. 71 124 1982 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb05907.x An extracellular poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase from Alcaligenes faecalis Tanio , T. , T. Fukui , T. Saito , K. Tomita , T. Kaiho , and S. Masamune . 1982 . An extracellular poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase from Alcaligenes faecalis . Eur. J. Biochem. 124 : 71 - 77 . 

  174. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Timm A. 3360 56 1990 10.1128/aem.56.11.3360-3367.1990 Formation of polyesters consisting of medium-chain-length 3-hydroxyalkanoic acids from gluconate by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other fluorescent pseudomonads . Timm , A. , and A. Steinbuchel . 1990 . Formation of polyesters consisting of medium-chain-length 3-hydroxyalkanoic acids from gluconate by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other fluorescent pseudomonads . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56 : 3360 - 3367 . 

  175. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. Tombolini R. 299 60 1989 Poly(P-hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthesis and accumulation by different Rhizobium species Tombolini , R. , and M. P. Nuti . 1989 . Poly(P-hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthesis and accumulation by different Rhizobium species . FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 60 : 299 - 304 . 

  176. Tomita K. T. Saito and T. Fukui. 1983. Bacterial metabolism of poly-p-hydroxybutyrate p. 353-366. In D. L. F. Lennon F. W. Stratman and R. N. Zahlten. (ed.) Biochemistry of metabolic processes. Elsevier Science Publishing Inc. New York. 

  177. Environ. Sci. Technol. Wallen L. L. 576 8 1974 10.1021/es60091a007 Poly-,B-hydroxyalkanoate from activated sludge Wallen , L. L. , and W. K. Rohwedder . 1974 . Poly-,B-hydroxyalkanoate from activated sludge . Environ. Sci. Technol. 8 : 576 - 579 . 

  178. Plant Physiol. Wong P. P. 750 47 1971 10.1104/pp.47.6.750 Poly-,B-hydroxybutyrate utilization by soybean (Glycine max Merr.) nodules and assessment of its role in maintenance of nitrogenase activity Wong , P. P. , and H. J. Evans . 1971 . Poly-,B-hydroxybutyrate utilization by soybean (Glycine max Merr.) nodules and assessment of its role in maintenance of nitrogenase activity . Plant Physiol. 47 : 750 - 755 . 

  179. Polym. J. Yokouchi M. 248 6 1974 10.1295/polymj.6.248 Structural studies of polyesters. VII. Molecular and crystal structures of racemic poly(3-ethy1-3-propiolactone) Yokouchi , M. , Y. Chatani , H. Tadokoro , and H. Tani . 1974 . Structural studies of polyesters. VII. Molecular and crystal structures of racemic poly(3-ethy1-3-propiolactone) . Polym. J. 6 : 248 - 255 . 

관련 콘텐츠

오픈액세스(OA) 유형

GOLD

오픈액세스 학술지에 출판된 논문

섹션별 컨텐츠 바로가기

AI-Helper ※ AI-Helper는 오픈소스 모델을 사용합니다.

AI-Helper 아이콘
AI-Helper
안녕하세요, AI-Helper입니다. 좌측 "선택된 텍스트"에서 텍스트를 선택하여 요약, 번역, 용어설명을 실행하세요.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.

선택된 텍스트

맨위로