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Genetic determinism argues that genes affect social and cultural behavior. The implications of Wilson"s theory are provocative enough to shake the status of human as a non-animal and culture-bearing being. My concern in this paper is to open a dialogue between sociobiology and Merleau-Ponty. Chapter...

Genetic determinism argues that genes affect social and cultural behavior. The implications of Wilson"s theory are provocative enough to shake the status of human as a non-animal and culture-bearing being. My concern in this paper is to open a dialogue between sociobiology and Merleau-Ponty. Chapter 2 takes an account of genetic and biological nature operating in the hidden depth of human and animal behavior. Growing knowledge of intelligent apes and chimpanzees has come to erode to a large extent the venerable dogma of the uniqueness of human. Chaper 3 deals with the difference of behavioral structure between human and animal species. According to Merleau-Ponty the dicisive characteristic of human behavior is symolic behavior. But increasing resent researches deliver strong evidences that animal is capable of symbolic behavior and other abilities. It has become an urgent task to define what culture is. I conclude that sociobiological perspective is important in a limited level. And non-reductive perspective as shown by Merleau-Ponty is important as well. These perspectives are not a question of an "either-or" but "both." Both are interdependent in understanding animal and human nature and behavior. Exessive biological reductionism, zoomorphism, and anthropomorphism are to avoid.

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