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This paper attempts to analyze the main determinant factors of successful NGO influence in world politics. Given the growing role and impact of NGOs in world affairs, it is interesting and important to specify the major conditions under which the NGOs make differences in world politics. Among many d...

This paper attempts to analyze the main determinant factors of successful NGO influence in world politics. Given the growing role and impact of NGOs in world affairs, it is interesting and important to specify the major conditions under which the NGOs make differences in world politics. Among many different areas and levels of NGO involvement in world politics, this paper focuses largely on examining policy advocacy activities of the U.S. environmental NGOs to shape their government"s policy regarding two international environmental treaties - the Montreal Protocol (1987) for ozone layer protection and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992). Drawn mainly from three bodies of academic literature, this paper probes two major factors that can condition the efficacy of NGO policy advocacy. The first factor, suggested by the pluralist interest group theory and the resource mobilization theory of social movements, concerns human and organizational resources of NGOs. The second factor is what the political process theorists of social movements call "political opportunity structure," which means a configuration of allies and opponents within policy networks concerning the given issue. The analysis shows that while the resource factor has not much affected the efficacy of NGO advocacy reflected in the two environmental treaties, the configuration of allies and opponents played a crucial role. Based on these findings this study makes some practical suggestions for more effective future NGO policy advocacy.

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