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Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The study of policy-making processes and decision-making processes has produced a very rich literature. Not all of this is relevant or appropriate to the study of British foreign policy processes. However it is important to set out some theoretical perspectives against which the historical record of...

The study of policy-making processes and decision-making processes has produced a very rich literature. Not all of this is relevant or appropriate to the study of British foreign policy processes. However it is important to set out some theoretical perspectives against which the historical record of decision-making in the case studies can be measured, and to discuss the ways in which historians and political scientists have understood the context in which British policy was being made in the post-war period. In the study of British foreign policy making process, changing elite perceptions and actions would naturally be taken as the main unit of analysis. But elite assumptions in Britain are not be entirely homogeneous, and some attention has to be paid to individual idiosyncrasies where these intersect with a heavy concentration of power over final foreign policy decisions in the hands of the Prime Minister, Foreign Secretary and senior officials. The traditionalist believes that governments should continue to concentrate on the power, security and sovereign separateness of the states they represent. On international issues they assert that there is a profound continuity in international affairs and they centre on a competition for power and security between sovereign states. On the other hand, the transformationalist perspective rest on the assumption that much has changed. In this view, states and their concerns are only part of much broader and more diverse reality which encompasses a host of participants, issues and interactions, affecting and constraining states but often neither controlled nor even strongly influenced by them. Up until now, British decision-makers continue to operate as if they were still in charge of a great power. In general, policy-makers have looked around for means of slowing down the process and alleviating the consequences - a traditionalist approach - rather than recognising and accommodating to a new situation - the transformationalist approach.

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