이 글은 중국의 여성고용정책과 시행사례들을 양성평등의 시각에서 정리분석하고 문제점들을 제시하려는 것이다. 개혁 개방 후 중국의 양성평등은 채용, 해고, 임금과 고용구조면에서 퇴보하고 있다. 그 근본적 이유는 전통적 성 역할 분업을 재생산 유지하는 가부장적 사회 문화구조에 있다. 여성종속 구조는 남녀평등을 기본국책으로 했다는 계획경제 시기에도 잠재해 수직 수평적 남녀노동분절로 발현되었으며, 시장경제에서 더욱 표면화되고 있다. 따라서 여성고용정책이 어떻게 이에 대응하는가가 문제 해결의 관건이 된다.
고용관련 법제는 노동권 보장과 모성보호에 초점이 맞춰져, 실질적 평등과는 거리가 있으며, 여성을 모성으로 개념화하여 근본적인 종속구조를 개선할 수 없는 한계를 지닌다. 전국부련은 평등보다는 개발에 주력하며, 양성평등 기구의 역할은 미흡하다. 중점사업인 경제건설에의 여성노동력 동원이 고용확대 효과는 있다. 그러나 경제성장이 자동적으로 남녀평등으로 연결되는 것은 아니며, 근본적으로 여성종속구조가 해체될 때 가능하다. 직업훈련과목들이 전통적 여성분야로 이뤄져, 성분업 위계구조를 개선할 가능성이 희박하다. 따라서 성별분석에 근거한 통계자료 작성, 각 계층의 여성을 포괄하는 차별화정책, 가부장적 권력구조에 주체적으로 대응할 여성의 세력화가 요구된다.
이 글은 중국의 여성고용정책과 시행사례들을 양성평등의 시각에서 정리분석하고 문제점들을 제시하려는 것이다. 개혁 개방 후 중국의 양성평등은 채용, 해고, 임금과 고용구조면에서 퇴보하고 있다. 그 근본적 이유는 전통적 성 역할 분업을 재생산 유지하는 가부장적 사회 문화구조에 있다. 여성종속 구조는 남녀평등을 기본국책으로 했다는 계획경제 시기에도 잠재해 수직 수평적 남녀노동분절로 발현되었으며, 시장경제에서 더욱 표면화되고 있다. 따라서 여성고용정책이 어떻게 이에 대응하는가가 문제 해결의 관건이 된다.
고용관련 법제는 노동권 보장과 모성보호에 초점이 맞춰져, 실질적 평등과는 거리가 있으며, 여성을 모성으로 개념화하여 근본적인 종속구조를 개선할 수 없는 한계를 지닌다. 전국부련은 평등보다는 개발에 주력하며, 양성평등 기구의 역할은 미흡하다. 중점사업인 경제건설에의 여성노동력 동원이 고용확대 효과는 있다. 그러나 경제성장이 자동적으로 남녀평등으로 연결되는 것은 아니며, 근본적으로 여성종속구조가 해체될 때 가능하다. 직업훈련과목들이 전통적 여성분야로 이뤄져, 성분업 위계구조를 개선할 가능성이 희박하다. 따라서 성별분석에 근거한 통계자료 작성, 각 계층의 여성을 포괄하는 차별화정책, 가부장적 권력구조에 주체적으로 대응할 여성의 세력화가 요구된다.
The purpose of this research is to discuss and analyze the employment policies and practices, and to raise the questions related with those policies and practices. Since the opening and reformation of China, her policy of the equality in gender has been retrograded in the aspects of employment. The ...
The purpose of this research is to discuss and analyze the employment policies and practices, and to raise the questions related with those policies and practices. Since the opening and reformation of China, her policy of the equality in gender has been retrograded in the aspects of employment. The truer reason is the patriarch-oriented systems related with social and cultural hegemony. The mind structure of the subordination of women still lies latent even in the age of the loud national policy stressing the equal right of women, and thus raises the split of labor market into two different sexes making the phenomenon clearer due to profit-seeking nature in market economy. Therefore, how the problem of to react against those tendencies will be the main clue to solve the inequality problems. Though Chinese legal system of the employment of women usually focuses on securing the right to work and the protecting the motherhood, they still are different from the actual equality in gender, and remain within the limit of impossibility to reform the basic mind structure of the subordination of women workers. As National Women"s Union also aims to develop women"s ability rather than the equal right for men and women, it lacks the playing the role of acquiring an equal right for men and women. The important plan in enlarging the employment of women is to recruit more women"s work forces. This policy is consistent with the individual women"s betterment of living condition through enlargement of the number of workingwomen. Economic growth in general doesn"t always mean women"s equal right as well. It does only after the breaking off of the mind structure of women"s natural subordination. Due to lack of consideration for gender aspect in enlargement of the various fields of professions for women there is little possibility of improving the hierarchy-oriented structure of labor markets with separated gender concept. In conclusion, it is required that China should build a data base based on the analysis with gender differences, design the discriminating policy for various classes of women while challenging the rapid change of the economic environment of the world, and most of all, should strengthen the power of women to react against the impartial policy in gender role and patriarch-oriented frame of mind.
The purpose of this research is to discuss and analyze the employment policies and practices, and to raise the questions related with those policies and practices. Since the opening and reformation of China, her policy of the equality in gender has been retrograded in the aspects of employment. The truer reason is the patriarch-oriented systems related with social and cultural hegemony. The mind structure of the subordination of women still lies latent even in the age of the loud national policy stressing the equal right of women, and thus raises the split of labor market into two different sexes making the phenomenon clearer due to profit-seeking nature in market economy. Therefore, how the problem of to react against those tendencies will be the main clue to solve the inequality problems. Though Chinese legal system of the employment of women usually focuses on securing the right to work and the protecting the motherhood, they still are different from the actual equality in gender, and remain within the limit of impossibility to reform the basic mind structure of the subordination of women workers. As National Women"s Union also aims to develop women"s ability rather than the equal right for men and women, it lacks the playing the role of acquiring an equal right for men and women. The important plan in enlarging the employment of women is to recruit more women"s work forces. This policy is consistent with the individual women"s betterment of living condition through enlargement of the number of workingwomen. Economic growth in general doesn"t always mean women"s equal right as well. It does only after the breaking off of the mind structure of women"s natural subordination. Due to lack of consideration for gender aspect in enlargement of the various fields of professions for women there is little possibility of improving the hierarchy-oriented structure of labor markets with separated gender concept. In conclusion, it is required that China should build a data base based on the analysis with gender differences, design the discriminating policy for various classes of women while challenging the rapid change of the economic environment of the world, and most of all, should strengthen the power of women to react against the impartial policy in gender role and patriarch-oriented frame of mind.
주제어
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.