참고문헌 (69)

1. Alloway T. P. Alloway R. G. ( 2010 ). Investigating the predictive roles of working memory and IQ in academic attainment . J. Exp. Child Psychol. 106 , 20 – 29 . 10.1016/j.jecp.2009.11.003 20018296 

   상세보기

2. Baddeley A. D. ( 2007 ). Working Memory, Thought and Action . Oxford : Oxford University Press . 

3. Baddeley A. D. Logie R. H. ( 1999 ). “Working memory: the multiple-component model,” in Models of Working Memory , eds Miyake A. Shah P. ( New York : Cambridge University Press ), 28 – 61 . 

4. Bayliss D. Jarrold C. Baddeley A. D. Gunn D. M. Leigh E. ( 2005 ). Mapping the developmental constraints on working memory span performance . Dev. Psychol. 41 , 579 – 597 . 10.1037/0012-1649.41.4.579 16060806 

   상세보기

5. Belachi C. Carretti B. Cornoldi C. ( 2010 ). The role of working memory and updating in Coloured Raven Matrices performance in typically developing children . J. Cogn. Psychol. 22 , 1010 – 1020 . 10.1080/09541440903184617 

   상세보기

6. Best J. R. Miller P. H. ( 2010 ). A developmental perspective on executive function . Child Dev. 81 , 1641 – 1660 . 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01499.x 21077853 

   상세보기

7. Best J. R. Miller P. H. Jones L. L. ( 2009 ). Executive functions after age 5: changes and correlates . Dev. Rev. 29 , 180 – 200 . 10.1016/j.dr.2009.05.002 20161467 

   상세보기

8. Brahmbhatt S. B. White D. A. Barch D. M. ( 2010 ). Developmental differences in sustained and transient activity underlying working memory . Brain Res. 1354 , 140 – 151 . 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.07.055 20659432 

   상세보기

9. Cain K. ( 2006 ). “Children’s reading comprehension: the role of working memory in normal and impaired development,” in Working Memory and Education , ed. Pickering S. J. ( Amsterdam : Academic Press ), 61 – 91 . 

10. Carretti B. Borella E. Cornoldi C. De Beni R. ( 2009 ). Role of working memory in explaining the performance of individuals with specific reading comprehension difficulties: a metaanalysis . Learn. Indiv. Differ. 19 , 246 – 251 . 10.1016/j.lindif.2008.10.002 

    상세보기

11. Case R. Kurland M. Goldberg J. ( 1982 ). Operational efficiency and the growth of short-term memory . J. Exp. Child Psychol. 33 , 386 – 404 . 10.1016/0022-0965(82)90054-6 

    상세보기

12. Colom R. Abad F. J. Quiroga A. Shih P. C. Flores-Mendoza C. ( 2008 ). Working memory and intelligence are highly related construct, but why? Intelligence 36 , 584 – 606 . 10.1016/j.intell.2008.01.002 

    상세보기

13. Conway A. R. A. Kane M. J. Engle R. W. ( 2003 ). Working memory capacity and its relation to general intelligence . Trends Cogn. Sci. 7 , 547 – 552 . 10.1016/j.tics.2003.10.005 14643371 

    상세보기

14. Cornoldi C. Drusi S. Tencati C. Giofrè D. Mirandola C. ( 2012 ). Problem solving and working memory updating difficulties in a group of poor comprehenders . J. Cogn. Educ. Psychol. 11 , 39 – 44 . 10.1891/1945-8959.11.1.39 

    상세보기

15. Cowan N. ( 1995 ). Attention and Memory: An Integrated Framework . New York : Oxford University Press . 

16. Daneman M. Carpenter P. A. ( 1980 ). Individual differences in working memory and reading . J. Verbal Learn. Verbal Behav. 19 , 450 – 466 . 10.1016/S0022-5371(80)90312-6 

    상세보기

17. Deschuyteneer M. Vandierendonck A. Muyllaert I. ( 2006 ). Does solution of mental arithmetic problems such as 2 + 6 and 3 × 8 rely on the process of “memory updating”? Exp. Psychol. 53 , 198 – 208 . 10.1027/1618-3169.53.3.198 16955729 

    상세보기

18. Elosúa M. R. García Madruga J. A. Gutiérrez F. Luque J. L. Gárate M. ( 1997 ). Un estudio sobre las diferencias evolutivas en memoria operativa: capacidad o eficiencia? Estudios Psicol. 58 , 15 – 27 . 10.1174/021093997320954827 

    상세보기

19. Friedman N. P. Miyake A. Corley R. P. Young S. E. De Fries J. C. Hewitt J. K. ( 2006 ). Not all executive functions are related to intelligence . Psychol. Sci. 17 , 172 – 179 . 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01681.x 16466426 

    상세보기

20. Friedman N. P. Miyake A. Young S. E. De Fries J. C. Corley R. P. Hewitt J. K. ( 2008 ). Individual differences in executive functions are almost entirely genetic in origin . J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 137 , 201 – 225 . 10.1037/0096-3445.137.2.201 18473654 

    상세보기

21. García-Madruga J. A. Gárate M. Elosúa M. R. Luque J. L. Gutiérrez F. ( 1997 ). Comprensión lectora y memoria operativa: un estudio evolutivo. [Reading Comprehension and working memory: a developmental study] . Cognitiva 9 , 99 – 132 . 

22. García-Madruga J. A. Gutiérrez F. Carriedo N. Luzón J. M. Vila J. O. ( 2005 ). “Working memory and propositional reasoning: searching for new working memory tests,” in The Shape of Reason. Essays in Honour of Paolo Legrenzi , eds Girotto V. Johnson-Laird P. N. ( London : Psychology Press ), 69 – 89 . 

23. García-Madruga J. A. Gutiérrez F. Carriedo N. Luzón J. M. Vila J. O. ( 2007 ). Checking the role of central executive in propositional reasoning . Think. Reason. 13 , 370 – 393 . 

24. Gathercole S. E. ( 1999 ). Cognitive approaches to the development of short-term memory . Trends Cogn. Sci. 3 , 410 – 418 . 10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01388-1 10529796 

    상세보기

25. Gathercole S. E. Pickering S. J. Ambridge B. Wearing H. ( 2004 ). The structure of working memory from 4 to 15 years of age . Dev. Psychol. 40 , 177 – 190 . 10.1037/0012-1649.40.2.177 14979759 

    상세보기

26. Ghetti S. Lee I. K. ( 2013 ). “The development of recollection and familiarity during childhood,” in The Wiley Handbook on The Development of Children’s Memory , eds Bauer P. J. Fivush R. ( Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell ), 309 – 335 . 

27. Glanzer M. Adams J. K. ( 1985 ). The mirror effect in recognition memory . Mem. Cogn. 13 , 8 – 20 . 10.3758/BF03198438 

    상세보기

28. Huizinga M. Dolan C. V. Van der Molen M. W. ( 2006 ). Age-related change in executive function: developmental trends and a latent variable analysis . Neuropsychologia 44 , 2017 – 2036 . 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.01.010 16527316 

    상세보기

29. Jaeggi S. M. Buschkuehl M. Perrig W. J. Meier B. ( 2010 ). The concurrent validity of the N-back task as a working memory measure . Memory 18 , 394 – 412 . 10.1080/09658211003702171 20408039 

    상세보기

30. Jaeggi S. M. Buschkuehl M. Shah P. Jonides J. ( 2014 ). The role of individual differences in cognitive training and transfer . Mem. Cogn. 42 , 464 – 480 . 10.3758/s13421-013-0364-z 24081919 

    상세보기

31. Kane M. Conway A. Miura T. Colflesh G. ( 2007 ). Working memory, attention control, and the n-back task: a question of construct validity . J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn. 33 , 615 – 622 . 10.1037/0278-7393.33.3.615 17470009 

    상세보기

32. Kirchner W. K. ( 1958 ). Age differences in short-term retention of rapidly changing information . J. Exp. Psychol. 55 , 352 – 358 . 10.1037/h0043688 13539317 

    상세보기

33. Kwon H. Reiss A. L. Menon V. ( 2002 ). Neural basis of protracted developmental changes in visuo-spatial working memory . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 , 13336 – 13341 . 10.1073/pnas.162486399 12244209 

    상세보기

34. Lechuga M. T. Moreno V. Pelegrina S. Gómez-Ariza C. Bajo M. T. ( 2006 ). Age differences in memory control: evidence from updating and retrieval-practice tasks . Acta Psychol. 123 , 279 – 298 . 10.1016/j.actpsy.2006.01.006 16524555 

    상세보기

35. Lechuga M. T. Pelegrina S. Pelaez J. L. Martin-Puga M. E. Justicia M. J. ( 2015 ). Working memory updating as a predictor of academic attainment . Educ. Psychol. 10.1080/01443410.2014.950193 ( advance online publication. ) 

    상세보기

36. Lejbak L. Crossley M. Vrbancic M. ( 2011 ). A male advantage for spatial and object but not verbal working memory using the n-back task . Brain Cogn. 76 , 191 – 196 . 10.1016/j.bandc.2010.12.002 21411205 

    상세보기

37. Lendínez C. Pelegrina S. Lechuga M. T. ( 2015 ). Age differences in working memory updating. The role of interference, focus switching and substituting information . Acta Psychol. 157 , 106 – 113 . 10.1016/j.actpsy.2015.02.015 25756938 

    상세보기

38. Lowe P. A. Mayfield J. W. Reynolds C. R. ( 2003 ). Gender differences in memory test performance among children and adolescents . Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. 18 , 865 – 878 . 10.1093/arclin/18.8.865 14609581 

    상세보기

39. Luciana M. Conklin H. Hooper C. Yarger R. ( 2005 ). The development of nonverbal working memory and executive control processes in adolescents . Child Dev. 76 , 697 – 712 . 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00872.x 15892787 

    상세보기

40. Luna B. Garver K. E. Urban T. A. Lazar N. A. Sweeney J. A. ( 2004 ). Maturation of cognitive processes from late childhood to adulthood . Child Dev. 75 , 1357 – 1372 . 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00745.x 15369519 

    상세보기

41. Lynn R. Irwing P. ( 2008 ). Sex differences in mental arithmetic, digit span, and g defined as working memory capacity . Intelligence 36 , 226 – 235 . 10.1016/j.intell.2007.06.002 

    상세보기

42. McElree B. ( 2001 ). Working memory and focal attention . J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn. 27 , 817 – 835 . 10.1037/0278-7393.27.3.817 11394682 

    상세보기

43. Melby-Lervag M. Hulme C. ( 2012 ). Is working memory training effective? A meta-analytic review . Dev. Psychol. 49 , 270 – 291 . 10.1037/a0028228 22612437 

    상세보기

44. Nagel B. Ohannissien A. Cummins K. ( 2007 ). Performance dissociation during verbal and spatial working memory tasks . Percept. Mot. Skills 105 , 243 – 250 . 10.2466/pms.105.5.243-250 17918571 

    상세보기

45. Oberauer K. ( 2002 ). Access to information in working memory: exploring the focus of attention . J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn. 28 , 411 – 421 . 10.1037/0278-7393.28.3.411 12018494 

    상세보기

46. Oberauer K. ( 2005 ). Binding and inhibition in working memory: individual and age differences in short-term recognition . J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 134 , 368 – 387 . 10.1037/0096-3445.134.3.368 16131269 

    상세보기

47. Oberauer K. ( 2006 ). Is the focus of attention in working memory expanded through practice? J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn. 32 , 197 – 214 . 10.1037/0278-7393.32.2.197 16569141 

    상세보기

48. Owen A. M. McMillan K. M. Laird A. R. Bullmore E. ( 2005 ). n-back working memory paradigm: a meta-analysis of normative functional neuroimaging studies . Hum. Brain Mapp. 25 , 46 – 59 . 10.1002/hbm.20131 15846822 

    상세보기

49. Passolunghi M. C. Pazzaglia F. ( 2004 ). Individual differences in memory updating in relation to arithmetic problem solving . Learn. Indiv. Differ. 14 , 219 – 230 . 10.1016/j.lindif.2004.03.001 

    상세보기

50. Pelegrina S. Capodieci A. Carretti B. Cornoldi C. ( 2015 ). Magnitude representation and working memory updating in children with arithmetic and reading comprehension disabilities . J. Learn. Disabil. 10.1177/0022219414527480 [Epub ahead of print] . 

    상세보기

51. Redick T. S. Lindsey D. R. B. ( 2013 ). Complex span and n-back measures of working memory: a meta-analysis . Psychon. Bull. Rev. 20 , 1102 – 1113 . 10.3758/s13423-013-0453-9 23733330 

    상세보기

52. Robinson B. Fuller B. ( 2004 ). N-Back Test [Computer software] . Available at: http://step.psy.cmu.edu/scripts-plus/ (accessed June 21, 2012) 

53. Schleepen T. M. J. Jonkman L. M. ( 2010 ). The development of non-spatial working memory capacity during childhood and adolescence and the role of interference control: an n-back task study . Dev. Neuropsychol. 35 , 37 – 56 . 10.1080/87565640903325733 20390591 

    상세보기

54. Schneider W. Eschman A. Zuccolotto A. ( 2002 ). E-Prime Users’ Guide . Pittsburgh, PA : Psychology Software Tools, Inc . 

55. Siegel L. S. ( 1994 ). Working memory and reading: a life-span perspective . Int. J. Behav. Dev. 17 , 109 – 124 . 10.1177/016502549401700107 

    상세보기

56. Speck O. Ernst T. Braun J. Koch C. Miller E. Chang L. ( 2000 ). Gender differences in the functional organization of the brain for working memory . Neuroimage 11 , 2581 – 2585 . 10.1097/00001756-200008030-00046 10943726 

    상세보기

57. Stanislaw H. Todorov N. ( 1999 ). Calculation of signal detection theory measures . Behav. Res. Methods Inst. Comput. 31 , 137 – 149 . 10.3758/BF03207704 10495845 

    상세보기

58. St Clair-Thompson H. L. Gathercole S. E. ( 2006 ). Executive functions and achievements in school: shifting, updating, inhibition, and working memory . Q. J. Exp. Psychol. 59 , 745 – 759 . 10.1080/17470210500162854 16707360 

    상세보기

59. Swanson H. L. Alloway T. P. ( 2012 ). “Working memory, learning, and academic achievement,” in APA Educational Psychology Handbook , Vol. 1 , Theories, Constructs, and Critical Issues , eds Harris K. R. Graham S. Urdan T. C. McCormick Christine B. Sinatra G. M. Sweller J. ( Washington, DC : American Psychological Association ), 327 – 366 . 

60. Swanson H. L. Beebe-Frankenberger M. ( 2004 ). The relationship between working memory and mathematical problem solving in children at risk and not at risk for math disabilities . J. Educ. Psychol. 96 , 471 – 491 . 10.1037/0022-0663.96.3.471 

    상세보기

61. Titz C. Karbach J. ( 2014 ). Working memory and executive functions: effects of training on academic abilities . Psychol. Res. 78 , 852 – 868 . 10.1007/s00426-013-0537-1 24389706 

    상세보기

62. Townsend J. T. Ashby F. G. ( 1983 ). The Stochastic Modeling of Elementary Psychological Processes. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . 

63. Turner M. L. Engle R. W. ( 1989 ). Is working memory capacity task dependent? J. Mem. Lang. 28 , 127 – 154 . 10.1016/0749-596X(89)90040-5 

    상세보기

64. Van der Sluis S. de Jong P. Van der Leij A. ( 2007 ). Executive functioning in children, and its relations with reasoning, reading, and arithmetic . Intelligence 35 , 427 – 449 . 10.1016/j.intell.2006.09.001 

    상세보기

65. Van Gerven P. W. M. Meijer W. A. Prickaerts J. H. M. Van der Veen F. M. ( 2008 ). Aging and focus switching in working memory: excluding the potential role of memory load . Exp. Aging Res. 34 , 367 – 378 . 10.1080/03610730802274165 18726750 

    상세보기

66. Van Leeuwen M. Van den Berg S. M. Hoekstra R. A. Boomsma D. I. ( 2007 ). Endophenotypes for intelligence in children and adolescents . Intelligence 35 , 369 – 380 . 10.1016/j.intell.2006.09.008 

    상세보기

67. Verhaeghen P. Basak C. ( 2005 ). Aging and switching of the focus of attention in working memory: results from a modified n-back task . Q. J. Exp. Psychol. A 58 , 134 – 154 . 10.1080/02724980443000241 15881295 

    상세보기

68. Vuontela V. Steenari M. R. Carlson S. Koivisto J. Fjallberg M. Aronen E. T. ( 2003 ). Audiospatial and visuospatial working memory in 6-13-year-old school children . Learn Mem. 10 , 74 – 81 . 10.1101/lm.53503 12551966 

    상세보기

69. Xu F. Han Y. Sabbagh M. A. Wang T. Ren X. Li C. ( 2013 ). Developmental differences in the structure of executive function in middle childhood and adolescence . PLoS ONE 8 : e77770 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0077770 24204957 

    상세보기