$\require{mediawiki-texvc}$

연합인증

연합인증 가입 기관의 연구자들은 소속기관의 인증정보(ID와 암호)를 이용해 다른 대학, 연구기관, 서비스 공급자의 다양한 온라인 자원과 연구 데이터를 이용할 수 있습니다.

이는 여행자가 자국에서 발행 받은 여권으로 세계 각국을 자유롭게 여행할 수 있는 것과 같습니다.

연합인증으로 이용이 가능한 서비스는 NTIS, DataON, Edison, Kafe, Webinar 등이 있습니다.

한번의 인증절차만으로 연합인증 가입 서비스에 추가 로그인 없이 이용이 가능합니다.

다만, 연합인증을 위해서는 최초 1회만 인증 절차가 필요합니다. (회원이 아닐 경우 회원 가입이 필요합니다.)

연합인증 절차는 다음과 같습니다.

최초이용시에는
ScienceON에 로그인 → 연합인증 서비스 접속 → 로그인 (본인 확인 또는 회원가입) → 서비스 이용

그 이후에는
ScienceON 로그인 → 연합인증 서비스 접속 → 서비스 이용

연합인증을 활용하시면 KISTI가 제공하는 다양한 서비스를 편리하게 이용하실 수 있습니다.

Obesity and Appetite Control 원문보기

Experimental diabetes research, v.2012, 2012년, pp.824305 -   

Suzuki, Keisuke (Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK) ,  Jayasena, Channa N. (Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK) ,  Bloom, Stephen R. (Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK)

Abstract AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

Obesity is one of the major challenges to human health worldwide; however, there are currently no effective pharmacological interventions for obesity. Recent studies have improved our understanding of energy homeostasis by identifying sophisticated neurohumoral networks which convey signals between ...

참고문헌 (252)

  1. 1 Field AE Coakley EH Must A Impact of overweight on the risk of developing common chronic diseases during a 10-year period Archives of Internal Medicine 2001 161 13 1581 1586 2-s2.0-0034917709 11434789 

  2. 2 Must A Spadano J Coakley EH Field AE Colditz G Dietz WH The disease burden associated with overweight and obesity The Journal of the American Medical Association 1999 282 16 1523 1529 2-s2.0-0032742418 10546691 

  3. 3 Li F Fisher KJ Harmer P Prevalence of overweight and obesity in older U.S. adults: estimates from the 2003 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2005 53 4 737 739 2-s2.0-18944367262 15817035 

  4. 4 Mokdad AH Ford ES Bowman BA Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors, 2001 The Journal of the American Medical Association 2003 289 1 76 79 2-s2.0-0037223174 12503980 

  5. 5 Hagan S Niswender KD Neuroendocrine regulation of food intake Pediatric Blood & Cancer 2012 58 1 149 153 21953791 

  6. 6 Chaudhri OB Wynne K Bloom SR Can gut hormones control appetite and prevent obesity? Diabetes Care 2008 31 supplement 2 S284 289 2-s2.0-41149115559 18227498 

  7. 7 Michel MC Beck-Sickinger A Cox H XVI. International union of pharmacology recommendations for the nomenclature of neuropeptide Y, peptide YY, and pancreatic polypeptide receptors Pharmacological Reviews 1998 50 1 143 150 2-s2.0-0031919929 9549761 

  8. 8 Tatemoto K Mutt V Isolation of two novel candidate hormones using a chemical method for finding naturally occurring polypeptides Nature 1980 285 5764 417 418 2-s2.0-0019310264 6892950 

  9. 9 Lin S Boey D Herzog H NPY and Y receptors: lessons from transgenic and knockout models Neuropeptides 2004 38 4 189 200 2-s2.0-4444256688 15337371 

  10. 10 Ekblad E Sundler F Distribution of pancreatic polypeptide and peptide YY Peptides 2002 23 2 251 261 2-s2.0-0036161876 11825640 

  11. 11 Eberlein GA Eysselein VE Schaeffer M A new molecular form of PYY: structural characterization of human PYY(3-36) and PYY(1-36) Peptides 1989 10 4 797 803 2-s2.0-0024420577 2587421 

  12. 12 Adrian TE Ferri GL Bacarese-Hamilton AJ Fuessl HS Polak JM Bloom SR Human distribution and release of a putative new gut hormone, peptide YY Gastroenterology 1985 89 5 1070 1077 2-s2.0-0022398837 3840109 

  13. 13 Adrian TE Savage AP Bacarese-Hamilton AJ Wolfe K Besterman HS Bloom SR Peptide YY abnormalities in gastrointestinal diseases Gastroenterology 1986 90 2 379 384 2-s2.0-0022651971 3753594 

  14. 14 Wahab PJ Hopman WP Jansen JB Basal and fat-stimulated plasma peptide YY levels in celiac disease Digestive Diseases and Sciences 2001 46 11 2504 2509 2-s2.0-0034766970 11713961 

  15. 15 Le Roux CW Ghatei MA Gibbs JS Bloom SR The putative satiety hormone PYY is raised in cardiac cachexia associated with primary pulmonary hypertension Heart 2005 91 2 241 242 2-s2.0-12744253686 15657252 

  16. 16 Batterham RL Cowley MA Small CJ Gut hormone PYY3-36 physiologically inhibits food intake Nature 2002 418 6898 650 654 2-s2.0-0037043704 12167864 

  17. 17 Batterham RL Cohen MA Ellis SM Inhibition of food intake in obese subjects by peptide YY3-36 The New England Journal of Medicine 2003 349 10 941 948 2-s2.0-0041859261 12954742 

  18. 18 Tschöp M Castaneda TR Joost HG Physiology: does gut hormone PYY3-36 decrease food intake in rodents? Nature 2004 430 6996 1 165 

  19. 19 Spiller RC Trotman IF Higgins BE The ileal brake—inhibition of jejunal motility after ileal fat perfusion in man Gut 1984 25 4 365 374 2-s2.0-0021278421 6706215 

  20. 20 Wen J Phillips SF Sarr MG Kost LJ Holst JJ PYY and GLP-1 contribute to feedback inhibition from the canine ileum and colon The American Journal of Physiology 1995 269 6, part 1 G945 G952 2-s2.0-0029558262 8572226 

  21. 21 Ashby D Bloom SR Recent progress in PYY research—an update report for 8th NPY meeting Peptides 2007 28 2 198 202 2-s2.0-33846585956 17354277 

  22. 22 Sloth B Holst JJ Flint A Gregersen NT Astrup A Effects of PYY1-36 and PYY3-36 on appetite, energy intake, energy expenditure, glucose and fat metabolism in obese and lean subjects The American Journal of Physiology 2007 292 4 E1062 E1068 2-s2.0-34047216695 

  23. 23 Bartolomé MA Borque M Martinez-Sarmiento J Peptide YY secretion in morbidly obese patients before and after vertical banded gastroplasty Obesity Surgery 2002 12 3 324 327 2-s2.0-0035985531 12082881 

  24. 24 Misra M Miller KK Tsai P Elevated peptide YY levels in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2006 91 3 1027 1033 2-s2.0-33644824823 16278259 

  25. 25 Kim BJ Carlson OD Jang HJ Elahi D Berry C Egan JM Peptide YY is secreted after oral glucose administration in a gender-specific manner The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2005 90 12 6665 6671 2-s2.0-28744450411 16174724 

  26. 26 Pfluger PT Kampe J Castaneda TR Effect of human body weight changes on circulating levels of peptide YY and peptide YY3-36 The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2007 92 2 583 588 2-s2.0-33846997549 17119001 

  27. 27 Halatchev IG Cone RD Peripheral administration of PYY3-36 produces conditioned taste aversion in mice Cell Metabolism 2005 1 3 159 168 2-s2.0-17844395786 16054059 

  28. 28 Abbott CR Monteiro M Small CJ The inhibitory effects of peripheral administration of peptide YY 3-36 and glucagon-like peptide-1 on food intake are attenuated by ablation of the vagal-brainstem-hypothalamic pathway Brain Research 2005 1044 1 127 131 2-s2.0-18144381593 15862798 

  29. 29 Koda S Date Y Murakami N The role of the vagal nerve in peripheral PYY3-36-induced feeding reduction in rats Endocrinology 2005 146 5 2369 2375 2-s2.0-20244369116 15718279 

  30. 30 Morley JE Levine AS Grace M Kneip J Peptide YY (PYY), a potent orexigenic agent Brain Research 1985 341 1 200 203 2-s2.0-0022392297 3840047 

  31. 31 Stanley BG Daniel DR Chin AS Leibowitz SF Paraventricular nucleus injections of peptide YY and neuropeptide Y preferentially enhance carbohydrate ingestion Peptides 1985 6 6 1205 1211 2-s2.0-0022396692 3841735 

  32. 32 Kanatani A Mashiko S Murai N Role of the Y1 receptor in the regulation of neuropeptide Y-mediated feeding: comparison of wild-type, Y1 receptor-deficient, and Y5 receptor-deficient mice Endocrinology 2000 141 3 1011 1016 2-s2.0-12144286708 10698177 

  33. 33 Batterham RL Ffytche DH Rosenthal JM PYY modulation of cortical and hypothalamic brain areas predicts feeding behaviour in humans Nature 2007 450 7166 106 109 2-s2.0-35948998870 17934448 

  34. 34 Talsania T Anini Y Siu S Drucker DJ Brubaker PL Peripheral exendin-4 and peptide YY3-36 synergistically reduce food intake through different mechanisms in mice Endocrinology 2005 146 9 3748 3756 2-s2.0-23844554610 15932924 

  35. 35 De Silva A Salem V Long CJ The gut hormones PYY 3-36 and GLP-1 7-36 amide reduce food intake and modulate brain activity in appetite centers in humans Cell Metabolism 2011 14 5 700 706 22000927 

  36. 36 Gradin KA Buus CL Li JY Frøbert O Simonsen U Neuropeptide Y2 receptors are involved in enhanced neurogenic vasoconstriction in spontaneously hypertensive rats British Journal of Pharmacology 2006 148 5 703 713 2-s2.0-33745599141 16715120 

  37. 37 Nordheim U Hofbauer KG Stimulation of NPY Y2 receptors by PYY3-36 reveals divergent cardiovascular effects of endogenous NPY in rats on different dietary regimens The American Journal of Physiology 2004 286 1 R138 R142 2-s2.0-0347357950 

  38. 38 Asakawa A Inui A Yuzuriha H Characterization of the effects of pancreatic polypeptide in the regulation of energy balance Gastroenterology 2003 124 5 1325 1336 2-s2.0-0037847510 12730873 

  39. 39 Parker RM Herzog H Regional distribution of Y-receptor subtype mRNAs in rat brain European Journal of Neuroscience 1999 11 4 1431 1448 10103138 

  40. 40 Whitcomb DC Taylor IL Vigna SR Characterization of saturable binding sites for circulating pancreatic polypeptide in rat brain The American Journal of Physiology 1990 259 4, part 1 G687 G691 2-s2.0-0025012383 2221079 

  41. 41 Clark JT Kalra PS Crowley WR Kalra SP Neuropeptide Y and human pancreatic polypeptide stimulate feeding behavior in rats Endocrinology 1984 115 1 427 429 2-s2.0-0021248888 6547387 

  42. 42 Kojima S Ueno N Asakawa A A role for pancreatic polypeptide in feeding and body weight regulation Peptides 2007 28 2 459 463 2-s2.0-33846571989 17207558 

  43. 43 Adrian TE Bloom SR Bryant MG Polak JM Heitz PH Barnes AJ Distribution and release of human pancreatic polypeptide Gut 1976 17 12 940 944 2-s2.0-0017043536 828120 

  44. 44 Uhe AM Szmukler GI Collier GR Hansky J O’Dea K Young GP Potential regulators of feeding behavior in anorexia nervosa The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1992 55 1 28 32 2-s2.0-0026569358 1728817 

  45. 45 Jorde R Burhol PG Fasting and postprandial plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels in obesity International Journal of Obesity 1984 8 5 393 397 2-s2.0-0021690055 6394520 

  46. 46 Wisen O Bjorvell H Cantor P Johansson C Theodorsson E Plasma concentrations of regulatory peptides in obesity following modified sham feeding (MSF) and a liquid test meal Regulatory Peptides 1992 39 1 43 54 2-s2.0-0026529733 1349761 

  47. 47 Glaser B Zoghlin G Pienta K Vinik AI Pancreatic polypeptide response to secretin in obesity: effects of glucose intolerance Hormone and Metabolic Research 1988 20 5 288 292 2-s2.0-0023898345 3042579 

  48. 48 Lassmann V Vague P Vialettes B Simon MC Low plasma levels of pancreatic polypeptide in obesity Diabetes 1980 29 6 428 430 2-s2.0-0019270026 7380112 

  49. 49 Zipf WB O’Dorisio TM Cataland S Dixon K Pancreatic polypeptide responses to protein meal challenges in obese but otherwise normal children and obese children with Prader-Willi syndrome The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1983 57 5 1074 1080 2-s2.0-0021048887 6352724 

  50. 50 Ueno N Inui A Iwamoto M Decreased food intake and body weight in pancreatic polypeptide- overexpressing mice Gastroenterology 1999 117 6 1427 1432 2-s2.0-0032732394 10579984 

  51. 51 Batterham RL Le Roux CW Cohen MA Pancreatic polypeptide reduces appetite and food intake in humans The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2003 88 8 3989 3992 2-s2.0-0041882174 12915697 

  52. 52 Berntson GG Zipf WB O’Dorisio TM Hoffman JA Chance RE Pancreatic polypeptide infusions reduce food intake in Prader-Willi syndrome Peptides 1993 14 3 497 503 2-s2.0-0027190603 8332550 

  53. 53 Holst JJ On the physiology of GIP and GLP-1 Hormone and Metabolic Research 2004 36 11-12 747 754 2-s2.0-12244268666 15655703 

  54. 54 Tang-Christensen M Vrang N Larsen PJ Glucagon-like peptide containing pathways in the regulation of feeding behaviour International Journal of Obesity 2001 25 supplement 5 S42 S47 2-s2.0-0035713010 11840214 

  55. 55 Tucker JD Dhanvantari S Brubaker PL Proglucagon processing in islet and intestinal cell lines Regulatory Peptides 1996 62 1 29 35 2-s2.0-0342748342 8738879 

  56. 56 Orskov C Rabenhoj L Wettergren A Kofod H Holst JJ Tissue and plasma concentrations of amidated and glycine-extended glucagon-like peptide I in humans Diabetes 1994 43 4 535 539 2-s2.0-0028281773 8138058 

  57. 57 Larsen PJ Tang-Christensen M Holst JJ Ørskov C Distribution of glucagon-like peptide-1 and other preproglucagon-derived peptides in the rat hypothalamus and brainstem Neuroscience 1997 77 1 257 270 2-s2.0-0031029936 9044391 

  58. 58 Shughrue PJ Lane MV Merchenthaler I Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1-R) mRNA in the rat hypothalamus Endocrinology 1996 137 11 5159 5162 2-s2.0-0029806072 8895391 

  59. 59 Larsen PJ Tang-Christensen M Jessop DS Central administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 activates hypothalamic neuroendocrine neurons in the rat Endocrinology 1997 138 10 4445 4455 2-s2.0-0030967436 9322962 

  60. 60 Rinaman L Interoceptive stress activates glucagon-like peptide-1 neurons that project to the hypothalamus The American Journal of Physiology 1999 277 2, part 2 R582 R590 2-s2.0-0032830989 10444567 

  61. 61 Nowak A Bojanowska E Effects of peripheral or central GLP-1 receptor blockade on leptin-induced suppression of appetite Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2008 59 3 501 510 2-s2.0-53649107145 18953093 

  62. 62 Burcelin R Da Costa A Drucker D Thorens B Glucose competence of the hepatoportal vein sensor requires the presence of an activated glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor Diabetes 2001 50 8 1720 1728 2-s2.0-0035434115 11473030 

  63. 63 Dardevet D Moore MC DiCostanzo CA Insulin secretion-independent effects of GLP-1 on canine liver glucose metabolism do not involve portal vein GLP-1 receptors The American Journal of Physiology 2005 289 5 G806 G814 2-s2.0-27444441940 

  64. 64 Holst JJ The physiology of glucagon-like peptide 1 Physiological Reviews 2007 87 4 1409 1439 2-s2.0-35748957503 17928588 

  65. 65 Yamato E Ikegami H Takekawa K Tissue-specific and glucose-dependent expression of receptor genes for glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) Hormone and Metabolic Research 1997 29 2 56 59 2-s2.0-0030996638 9105899 

  66. 66 Harkavyi A Whitton PS Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor stimulation as a means of neuroprotection British Journal of Pharmacology 2010 159 3 495 501 2-s2.0-76449115696 20128800 

  67. 67 Nakagawa A Satake H Nakabayashi H Receptor gene expression of glucagon-like peptide-1, but not glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, in rat nodose ganglion cells Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic & Clinical 2004 110 1 36 43 2-s2.0-0842325280 14766323 

  68. 68 Vahl TP Drazen DL Seeley RJ D’Alessio DA Woods SC Meal-anticipatory glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in rats Endocrinology 2010 151 2 569 575 2-s2.0-74949121349 19915164 

  69. 69 Cummings DE Overduin J Gastrointestinal regulation of food intake The Journal of Clinical Investigation 2007 117 1 13 23 2-s2.0-33846032275 17200702 

  70. 70 Verdich C Flint A Gutzwiller JP A meta-analysis of the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide on Ad Libitum energy intake in humans The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2001 86 9 4382 4389 2-s2.0-17944365214 11549680 

  71. 71 Vilsbøll T Agersø H Krarup T Holst JJ Similar elimination rates of glucagon-like peptide-1 in obese type 2 diabetic patients and healthy subjects The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2003 88 1 220 224 2-s2.0-0037241085 12519856 

  72. 72 Deacon CF Circulation and degradation of GIP and GLP-1 Hormone and Metabolic Research 2004 36 11-12 761 765 2-s2.0-12244281855 15655705 

  73. 73 Mentlein R Gallwitz B Schmidt WE Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV hydrolyses gastric inhibitory polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide, peptide histidine methionine and is responsible for their degradation in human serum European Journal of Biochemistry 1993 214 3 829 835 2-s2.0-0027215348 8100523 

  74. 74 Zander M Madsbad S Madsen JL Holst JJ Effect of 6-week course of glucagon-like peptide 1 on glycaemic control, insulin sensitivity, and β -cell function in type 2 diabetes: a parallel-group study The Lancet 2002 359 9309 824 830 2-s2.0-0037045845 

  75. 75 Eng J Kleinman WA Singh L Singh G Raufman JP Isolation and characterization of exendin-4, an exendin-3 analogue, from Heloderma suspectum venom. Further evidence for an exendin receptor on dispersed acini from guinea pig pancreas The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1992 267 11 7402 7405 2-s2.0-0026648961 1313797 

  76. 76 DeFronzo RA Ratner RE Han J Kim DD Fineman MS Baron AD Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control and weight over 30 weeks in metformin-treated patients with type 2 Diabetes Care 2005 28 5 1092 1100 2-s2.0-18144401971 15855572 

  77. 77 Egan JM Bulotta A Hui H Perfetti R GLP-1 receptor agonists are growth and differentiation factors for pancreatic islet beta cells Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews 2003 19 2 115 123 2-s2.0-0037357951 12673779 

  78. 78 Harkavyi A Whitton PS Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor stimulation as a means of neuroprotection British Journal of Pharmacology 2010 159 3 495 501 2-s2.0-76449115696 20128800 

  79. 79 Bunck MC Corner A Eliasson B Effects of exenatide on measures of beta-cell function after 3 years in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 2011 34 9 2041 2047 21868779 

  80. 80 Cegla J Tan TM Bloom SR Gut-brain cross-talk in appetite regulation Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 2010 13 5 588 593 2-s2.0-77955923371 20539223 

  81. 81 Gale EA GLP-1-based therapies and the exocrine pancreas: more light, or just more heat? Diabetes 2012 61 5 986 988 22517653 

  82. 82 Bataille D Gespach C Tatemoto K Bioactive enteroglucagon (oxyntomodulin): present knowledge on its chemical structure and its biological activities Peptides 1981 2 supplement 2 41 44 2-s2.0-0019766354 6283496 

  83. 83 Ghatei MA Uttenthal LO Christofides ND Bryant MG Bloom SR Molecular forms of human enteroglucagon in tissue and plasma: plasma responses to nutrient stimuli in health and in disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1983 57 3 488 495 2-s2.0-0020509994 6874888 

  84. 84 Schjoldager BT Baldissera FG Mortensen PE Holst JJ Christiansen J Oxyntomodulin: a potential hormone from the distal gut. Pharmacokinetics and effects on gastric acid and insulin secretion in man European Journal of Clinical Investigation 1988 18 5 499 503 2-s2.0-0023714388 3147901 

  85. 85 Schjoldager B Mortensen PE Myhre J Christiansen J Holst JJ Oxyntomodulin from distal gut. Role in regulation of gastric and pancreatic functions Digestive Diseases and Sciences 1989 34 9 1411 1419 2-s2.0-0024442006 2670487 

  86. 86 Cohen MA Ellis SM Le Roux CW Oxyntomodulin suppresses appetite and reduces food intake in humans The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2003 88 10 4696 4701 2-s2.0-0242288734 14557443 

  87. 87 Dakin CL Gunn I Small CJ Oxyntomodulin inhibits food intake in the rat Endocrinology 2001 142 10 4244 4250 2-s2.0-0034807498 11564680 

  88. 88 Wynne K Park AJ Small CJ Oxyntomodulin increases energy expenditure in addition to decreasing energy intake in overweight and obese humans: a randomised controlled trial International Journal of Obesity 2006 30 12 1729 1736 2-s2.0-33749339257 16619056 

  89. 89 Dakin CL Small CJ Batterham RL Peripheral oxyntomodulin reduces food intake and body weight gain in rats Endocrinology 2004 145 6 2687 2695 2-s2.0-2542460293 15001546 

  90. 90 Baggio LL Huang Q Brown TJ Drucker DJ Oxyntomodulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 differentially regulate murine food intake and energy expenditure Gastroenterology 2004 127 2 546 558 2-s2.0-4143116741 15300587 

  91. 91 Fehmann HC Jiang J Schweinfurth J Wheeler MB Boyd AE 3rd Goke B Stable expression of the rat GLP-I receptor in CHO cells: activation and binding characteristics utilizing GLP-I(7-36)-amide, oxyntomodulin, exendin- 4, and exendin(9-39) Peptides 1994 15 3 453 456 2-s2.0-0028358615 7937318 

  92. 92 Sowden GL Drucker DJ Weinshenker D Swoap SJ Oxyntomodulin increases intrinsic heart rate in mice independent of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor The American Journal of Physiology 2007 292 2 R962 R970 2-s2.0-33846807761 

  93. 93 Ban K Kim KH Cho CK Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1(9-36)amide-mediated cytoprotection is blocked by exendin(9-39) yet does not require the known GLP-1 receptor Endocrinology 2010 151 4 1520 1531 2-s2.0-77950267745 20172966 

  94. 94 Druce MR Minnion JS Field BC Investigation of structure-activity relationships of oxyntomodulin (Oxm) using oxm analogs Endocrinology 2009 150 4 1712 1722 2-s2.0-63849300305 19074579 

  95. 95 Heppner KM Habegger KM Day J Glucagon regulation of energy metabolism Physiology & Behavior 2010 100 5 545 548 2-s2.0-77953724748 20381509 

  96. 96 Jones BJ Tan T Bloom SR Minireview: glucagon in stress and energy homeostasis Endocrinology 2012 153 3 1049 1054 22294753 

  97. 97 Geary N Kissileff HR Pi-Sunyer FX Hinton V Individual, but not simultaneous, glucagon and cholecystokinin infusions inhibit feeding in men The American Journal of Physiology 1992 262 6, part 2 R975 R980 2-s2.0-0026653715 1621876 

  98. 98 Martin JR Novin D Decreased feeding in rats following hepatic portal infusion of glucagon Physiology & Behavior 1977 19 4 461 466 2-s2.0-0017587619 613336 

  99. 99 Schulman JL Carleton JL Whitney G Whitehorn JC Effect of glucagon on food intake and body weight in man Journal of Applied Physiology 1957 11 3 419 421 13480952 

  100. 100 Pocai A Carrington PE Adams JR Glucagon-like peptide 1/glucagon receptor dual agonism reverses obesity in mice Diabetes 2009 58 10 2258 2266 2-s2.0-70349644658 19602537 

  101. 101 Day JW Ottaway N Patterson JT A new glucagon and GLP-1 co-agonist eliminates obesity in rodents Nature Chemical Biology 2009 5 10 749 757 2-s2.0-70349308687 19597507 

  102. 102 Kojima M Hosoda H Date Y Nakazato M Matsuo H Kangawa K Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach Nature 1999 402 6762 656 660 2-s2.0-0033540056 10604470 

  103. 103 Date Y Kojima M Hosoda H Ghrelin, a novel growth hormone-releasing acylated peptide, is synthesized in a distinct endocrine cell type in the gastrointestinal tracts of rats and humans Endocrinology 2000 141 11 4255 4261 2-s2.0-0033679897 11089560 

  104. 104 Hosoda H Kojima M Kangawa K Biological, physiological, and pharmacological aspects of ghrelin Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 2006 100 5 398 410 2-s2.0-33747625691 16612045 

  105. 105 Cowley MA Smith RG Diano S The distribution and mechanism of action of ghrelin in the CNS demonstrates a novel hypothalamic circuit regulating energy homeostasis Neuron 2003 37 4 649 661 2-s2.0-0037456519 12597862 

  106. 106 Tschop M Smiley DL Heiman ML Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents Nature 2000 407 6806 908 913 2-s2.0-0034687376 11057670 

  107. 107 Murakami N Hayashida T Kuroiwa T Role for central ghrelin in food intake and secretion profile of stomach ghrelin in rats The Journal of Endocrinology 2002 174 2 283 288 2-s2.0-0036686347 12176667 

  108. 108 Cummings DE Purnell JQ Frayo RS Schmidova K Wisse BE Weigle DS A preprandial rise in plasma ghrelin levels suggests a role in meal initiation in humans Diabetes 2001 50 8 1714 1719 2-s2.0-0035433977 11473029 

  109. 109 Nakazato M Murakami N Date Y A role for ghrelin in the central regulation of feeding Nature 2001 409 6817 194 198 2-s2.0-0035843183 11196643 

  110. 110 Otto B Cuntz U Fruehauf E Weight gain decreases elevated plasma ghrelin concentrations of patients with anorexia nervosa European Journal of Endocrinology 2001 145 5 669 673 2-s2.0-0035512816 

  111. 111 Cummings DE Weigle DS Frayo RS Plasma ghrelin levels after diet-induced weight loss or gastric bypass surgery The New England Journal of Medicine 2002 346 21 1623 1630 2-s2.0-0037162116 12023994 

  112. 112 le Roux CW Patterson M Vincent RP Hunt C Ghatei MA Bloom SR Postprandial plasma ghrelin is suppressed proportional to meal calorie content in normal-weight but not obese subjects The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2005 90 2 1068 1071 2-s2.0-14044262360 15522935 

  113. 113 Nagaya N Uematsu M Kojima M Elevated circulating level of ghrelin in cachexia associated with chronic heart failure: relationships between ghrelin and anabolic/catabolic factors Circulation 2001 104 17 2034 2038 2-s2.0-0035940390 11673342 

  114. 114 Cummings DE Clement K Purnell JQ Elevated plasma ghrelin levels in Prader-Willi syndrome Nature Medicine 2002 8 7 643 644 2-s2.0-0036061558 

  115. 115 Wang L Saint-Pierre DH Taché Y Peripheral ghrelin selectively increases Fos expression in neuropeptide Y—synthesizing neurons in mouse hypothalamic arcuate nucleus Neuroscience Letters 2002 325 1 47 51 2-s2.0-0037204861 12023064 

  116. 116 Chen HY Trumbauer ME Chen AS Orexigenic action of peripheral ghrelin is mediated by neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein Endocrinology 2004 145 6 2607 2612 2-s2.0-2542475178 14962995 

  117. 117 Lawrence CB Snape AC Baudoin FM Luckman SM Acute central ghrelin and GH secretagogues induce feeding and activate brain appetite centers Endocrinology 2002 143 1 155 162 2-s2.0-0036144322 11751604 

  118. 118 Date Y Murakami N Toshinai K The role of the gastric afferent vagal nerve in ghrelin-induced feeding and growth hormone secretion in rats Gastroenterology 2002 123 4 1120 1128 2-s2.0-0036787457 12360474 

  119. 119 Malik S McGlone F Bedrossian D Dagher A Ghrelin modulates brain activity in areas that control appetitive behavior Cell Metabolism 2008 7 5 400 409 2-s2.0-42649116436 18460331 

  120. 120 Zhao CM Furnes MW Stenström B Kulseng B Chen D Characterization of obestatin- and ghrelin-producing cells in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas of rats: an immunohistochemical and electron-microscopic study Cell and Tissue Research 2008 331 3 575 587 2-s2.0-39149138127 18071756 

  121. 121 Lacquaniti A Donato V Chirico V Buemi A Buemi M Obestatin: an interesting but controversial gut hormone Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism 2011 59 2–4 193 199 22156552 

  122. 122 Gourcerol G Coskun T Craft LS Preproghrelin-derived peptide, obestatin, fails to influence food intake in lean or obese rodents Obesity 2007 15 11 2643 2652 2-s2.0-38049035630 18070755 

  123. 123 Gibbs J Young RC Smith GP Cholecystokinin decreases food intake in rats Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 1973 84 3 488 495 2-s2.0-0015701039 4745816 

  124. 124 Liddle RA Goldfine ID Rosen MS Taplitz RA Williams JA Cholecystokinin bioactivity in human plasma. Molecular forms, responses to feeding, and relationship to gallbladder contraction The Journal of Clinical Investigation 1985 75 4 1144 1152 2-s2.0-0021905218 2580857 

  125. 125 Kissileff HR Pi-Sunyer FX Thornton J Smith GP C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin decreases food intake in man The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1981 34 2 154 160 2-s2.0-0019381381 6259918 

  126. 126 West DB Fey D Woods SC Cholecystokinin persistently suppresses meal size but not food intake in free-feeding rats The American Journal of Physiology 1984 246 5, part 2 R776 R787 2-s2.0-0021433344 6326618 

  127. 127 Crawley JN Beinfeld MC Rapid development of tolerance to the behavioural actions of cholecystokinin Nature 1983 302 5910 703 706 2-s2.0-0020522487 6300693 

  128. 128 Moran TH Baldessarini AR Salorio CF Lowery T Schwartz GJ Vagal afferent and efferent contributions to the inhibition of food intake by cholecystokinin The American Journal of Physiology 1997 272 4, part 2 R1245 R1251 2-s2.0-0030985882 9140026 

  129. 129 Moran TH Katz LF Plata-Salaman CR Schwartz GJ Disordered food intake and obesity in rats lacking cholecystokinin A receptors The American Journal of Physiology 1998 274 3, part 2 R618 R625 2-s2.0-0031944277 9530226 

  130. 130 Wank SA Cholecystokinin receptors The American Journal of Physiology 1995 269 5, part 1 G628 G646 2-s2.0-0028845124 7491953 

  131. 131 Owyang C Heldsinger A Vagal control of satiety and hormonal regulation of appetite Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility 2011 17 4 338 348 22148102 

  132. 132 Barrachina MD Martínez V Wang L Wei JY Taché Y Synergistic interaction between leptin and cholecystokinin to reduce short-term food intake in lean mice Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1997 94 19 10455 10460 2-s2.0-0030931678 9294232 

  133. 133 Reda TK Geliebter A Pi-Sunyer FX Amylin, food intake, and obesity Obesity Research 2002 10 10 1087 1091 2-s2.0-0036778098 12376591 

  134. 134 Reinehr T de Sousa G Niklowitz P Roth CL Amylin and its relation to insulin and lipids in obese children before and after weight loss Obesity 2007 15 8 2006 2011 2-s2.0-34548659742 17712118 

  135. 135 Rushing PA Hagan MM Seeley RJ Lutz TA Woods SC Amylin: a novel action in the brain to reduce body weight Endocrinology 2000 141 2 850 853 2-s2.0-0034464840 10650969 

  136. 136 Thompson RG Pearson L Schoenfeld SL Kolterman OG Pramlintide, a synthetic analog of human amylin, improves the metabolic profile of patients with type 2 diabetes using insulin Diabetes Care 1998 21 6 987 993 2-s2.0-3643092645 9614619 

  137. 137 Weyer C Maggs DG Young AA Kolterman OG Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a physiological approach toward improved metabolic control Current Pharmaceutical Design 2001 7 14 1353 1373 2-s2.0-0034850444 11472273 

  138. 138 Polonsky KS Given BD Van Cauter E Twenty-four-hour profiles and pulsatile patterns of insulin secretion in normal and obese subjects The Journal of Clinical Investigation 1988 81 2 442 448 2-s2.0-0023829632 3276730 

  139. 139 Air EL Benoit SC Blake Smith KA Clegg DJ Woods SC Acute third ventricular administration of insulin decreases food intake in two paradigms Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2002 72 1-2 423 429 2-s2.0-0036202441 

  140. 140 Porte D Jr. Woods SC Regulation of food intake and body weight by insulin Diabetologia 1981 20, supplement 3 274 280 2-s2.0-0019498710 

  141. 141 Menendez JA Atrens DM Insulin and the paraventricular hypothalamus: modulation of energy balance Brain Research 1991 555 2 193 201 2-s2.0-0025916854 1933333 

  142. 142 Baura GD Foster DM Porte D Jr. Saturable transport of insulin from plasma into the central nervous system of dogs in vivo. A mechanism for regulated insulin delivery to the brain The Journal of Clinical Investigation 1993 92 4 1824 1830 2-s2.0-0027361094 8408635 

  143. 143 Corp ES Woods SC Porte D Jr. Dorsa DM Figlewicz DP Baskin DG Localization of 125I-insulin binding sites in the rat hypothalamus by quantitative autoradiography Neuroscience Letters 1986 70 1 17 22 2-s2.0-0022555988 3534636 

  144. 144 Schwartz MW Sipols AJ Marks JL Inhibition of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y gene expression by insulin Endocrinology 1992 130 6 3608 3616 2-s2.0-0026710057 1597158 

  145. 145 Considine RV Sinha MK Heiman ML Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans The New England Journal of Medicine 1996 334 5 292 295 2-s2.0-13344295079 8532024 

  146. 146 Saad MF Riad-Gabriel MG Khan A Diurnal and ultradian rhythmicity of plasma leptin: effects of gender and adiposity The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1998 83 2 453 459 2-s2.0-0031790350 9467557 

  147. 147 Banks WA Kastin AJ Huang W Jaspan JB Maness LM Leptin enters the brain by a saturable system independent of insulin Peptides 1996 17 2 305 311 2-s2.0-0029864416 8801538 

  148. 148 Baskin DG Breininger JF Schwartz MW Leptin receptor mrna identifies a subpopulation of neuropeptide y neurons activated by fasting in rat hypothalamus Diabetes 1999 48 4 828 833 2-s2.0-0032998652 10102700 

  149. 149 Schwartz MW Woods SC Porte D Jr. Seeley RJ Baskin DG Central nervous system control of food intake Nature 2000 404 6778 661 671 2-s2.0-0034611732 10766253 

  150. 150 Sahu A Leptin signaling in the hypothalamus: emphasis on energy homeostasis and leptin resistance Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 2003 24 4 225 253 2-s2.0-0347320633 14726256 

  151. 151 Pelleymounter MA Cullen MJ Baker MB Effects of the obese gene product on body weight regulation in ob/ob mice Science 1995 269 5223 540 543 2-s2.0-0029066265 7624776 

  152. 152 Blevins JE Baskin DG Hypothalamic-brainstem circuits controlling eating Forum of Nutrition 2010 63 133 140 2-s2.0-77649223913 19955781 

  153. 153 Tartaglia LA The leptin receptor The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1997 272 10 6093 6096 2-s2.0-0030942844 9102398 

  154. 154 Fei H Okano HJ Li C Anatomic localization of alternatively spliced leptin receptors (Ob-R) in mouse brain and other tissues Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1997 94 13 7001 7005 2-s2.0-0031010408 9192681 

  155. 155 Chen H Charlat O Tartaglia LA Evidence that the diabetes gene encodes the leptin receptor: identification of a mutation in the leptin receptor gene in db/db mice Cell 1996 84 3 491 495 2-s2.0-13344259300 8608603 

  156. 156 Coleman DL Obese and diabetes: two mutant genes causing diabetes-obesity syndromes in mice Diabetologia 1978 14 3 141 148 2-s2.0-0018139377 350680 

  157. 157 Halaas JL Gajiwala KS Maffei M Weight-reducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene Science 1995 269 5223 543 546 2-s2.0-0029073613 7624777 

  158. 158 Farooqi IS Matarese G Lord GM Beneficial effects of leptin on obesity, T cell hyporesponsiveness, and neuroendocrine/metabolic dysfunction of human congenital leptin deficiency The Journal of Clinical Investigation 2002 110 8 1093 1103 2-s2.0-0036800760 12393845 

  159. 159 Münzberg H Leptin-signaling pathways and leptin resistance Forum of Nutrition 2010 63 123 132 2-s2.0-77649198872 19955780 

  160. 160 Banks WA Anorectic effects of circulating cytokines: role of the vascular blood-brain barrier Nutrition 2001 17 5 434 437 2-s2.0-0035013816 11377145 

  161. 161 Benarroch EE Neural control of feeding behavior: overview and clinical correlations Neurology 2010 74 20 1643 1650 2-s2.0-77952508732 20479364 

  162. 162 Simpson KA Martin NM Bloom SR Hypothalamic regulation of food intake and clinical therapeutic applications Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia e Metabologia 2009 53 2 120 128 2-s2.0-67649406272 19466203 

  163. 163 Stanley S Wynne K McGowan B Bloom S Hormonal regulation of food intake Physiological Reviews 2005 85 4 1131 1158 2-s2.0-25444514533 16183909 

  164. 164 Suzuki K Simpson KA Minnion JS Shillito JC Bloom SR The role of gut hormones and the hypothalamus in appetite regulation Endocrine Journal 2010 57 5 359 372 2-s2.0-77953630340 20424341 

  165. 165 Mayer J Thomas DW Regulation of food intake and obesity Science 1967 156 3773 328 337 2-s2.0-0014212914 4886532 

  166. 166 Broadwell RD Brightman MW Entry of peroxidase into neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems from extracerebral and cerebral blood The Journal of Comparative Neurology 1976 166 3 257 283 2-s2.0-0017276160 57126 

  167. 167 Huszar D Lynch CA Fairchild-Huntress V Targeted disruption of the melanocortin-4 receptor results in obesity in mice Cell 1997 88 1 131 141 2-s2.0-0030889192 9019399 

  168. 168 Chen AS Marsh DJ Trumbauer ME Inactivation of the mouse melanocortin-3 receptor results in increased fat mass and reduced lean body mass Nature Genetics 2000 26 1 97 102 2-s2.0-0033818103 10973258 

  169. 169 Abbott CR Rossi M Kim M Investigation of the melanocyte stimulating hormones on food intakeLack of evidence to support a role for the melanocortin-3-receptor Brain Research 2000 869 1-2 203 210 2-s2.0-0034733888 10865075 

  170. 170 Kristensen P Judge ME Thim L Hypothalamic CART is a new anorectic peptide regulated by leptin Nature 1998 393 6680 72 76 2-s2.0-0032492893 9590691 

  171. 171 Abbott CR Rossi M Wren AM Evidence of an orexigenic role for cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript after administration into discrete hypothalamic nuclei Endocrinology 2001 142 8 3457 3463 2-s2.0-17844380766 11459791 

  172. 172 Broberger C Johansen J Johansson C Schalling M Hökfelt T The neuropeptide Y/agouti gene-related protein (AGRP) brain circuitry in normal, anorectic, and monosodium glutamate-treated mice Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1998 95 25 15043 15048 2-s2.0-0032443807 9844012 

  173. 173 Allen YS Adrian TE Allen JM Neuropeptide Y distribution in the rat brain Science 1983 221 4613 877 879 2-s2.0-0021113356 6136091 

  174. 174 Stanley BG Kyrkouli SE Lampert S Leibowitz SF Neuropeptide Y chronically injected into the hypothalamus: a powerful neurochemical inducer of hyperphagia and obesity Peptides 1986 7 6 1189 1192 2-s2.0-0022873040 3470711 

  175. 175 Ollmann MM Wilson BD Yang YK Antagonism of central melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by agouti-related protein Science 1997 278 5335 135 138 2-s2.0-0030764741 9311920 

  176. 176 Leibowitz SF Hammer NJ Chang K Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus lesions produce overeating and obesity in the rat Physiology & Behavior 1981 27 6 1031 1040 2-s2.0-0019760938 7335803 

  177. 177 Ludwig DS Tritos NA Mastaitis JW Melanin-concentrating hormone overexpression in transgenic mice leads to obesity and insulin resistance The Journal of Clinical Investigation 2001 107 3 379 386 2-s2.0-0035134670 11160162 

  178. 178 Marsh DJ Weingarth DT Novi DE Melanin-concentrating hormone 1 receptor-deficient mice are lean, hyperactive, and hyperphagic and have altered metabolism Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2002 99 5 3240 3245 2-s2.0-0037022667 11867747 

  179. 179 Sakurai T Amemiya A Ishii M Orexins and orexin receptors: a family of hypothalamic neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors that regulate feeding behavior Cell 1998 92 4 573 585 2-s2.0-20244380014 9491897 

  180. 180 Peyron C Tighe DK van den Pol AN Neurons containing hypocretin (orexin) project to multiple neuronal systems The Journal of Neuroscience 1998 18 23 9996 10015 2-s2.0-0032402181 9822755 

  181. 181 Nishino S Ripley B Overeem S Lammers GJ Mignot E Hypocretin (orexin) deficiency in human narcolepsy The Lancet 2000 355 9197 39 40 2-s2.0-0033971611 

  182. 182 Cheon HG Antiobesity effects of melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCH-R1) antagonists Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 2012 209 383 403 

  183. 183 Wynne K Stanley S McGowan B Bloom S Appetite control The Journal of Endocrinology 2005 184 2 291 318 2-s2.0-14844334627 15684339 

  184. 184 Jacobowitz DM O’Donohue TL α -Melanocyte stimulating hormone: immunohistochemical identification and mapping in neurons of rat brain Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1978 75 12 6300 6304 2-s2.0-0000739329 366617 

  185. 185 Bernardis LL Bellinger LL The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus revisited: 1986 update Brain Research 1987 434 3 321 381 2-s2.0-0023372331 3300862 

  186. 186 Guan XM Yu H Trumbauer M Frazier E Van der Ploeg LH Chen H Induction of neuropeptide Y expression in dorsomedial hypothalamus of diet-induced obese mice Neuroreport 1998 9 15 3415 3419 2-s2.0-0032569615 9855291 

  187. 187 Xu B Goulding EH Zang K Brain-derived neurotrophic factor regulates energy balance downstream of melanocortin-4 receptor Nature Neuroscience 2003 6 7 736 742 2-s2.0-0038392755 12796784 

  188. 188 Unger TJ Calderon GA Bradley LC Sena-Esteves M Rios M Selective deletion of Bdnf in the ventromedial and dorsomedial hypothalamus of adult mice results in hyperphagic behavior and obesity The Journal of Neuroscience 2007 27 52 14265 14274 2-s2.0-37549055474 18160634 

  189. 189 Gonzàlez JA Reimann F Burdakov D Dissociation between sensing and metabolism of glucose in sugar sensing neurones The Journal of Physiology 2009 587 1, part 1 41 48 2-s2.0-58149307894 18981030 

  190. 190 Bailey EF A tasty morsel: the role of the dorsal vagal complex in the regulation of food intake and swallowing. Focus on “BDNF/TrkB signaling interacts with GABAergic system to inhibit rhythmic swallowing in the rat,” by Bariohay et al. The American Journal of Physiology 2008 295 4 R1048 R1049 2-s2.0-57349188411 

  191. 191 Zheng H Patterson LM Phifer CB Berthoud HR Brain stem melanocortinergic modulation of meal size and identification of hypothalamic POMC projections The American Journal of Physiology 2005 289 1 R247 R258 2-s2.0-21044433027 

  192. 192 Geerling JC Shin JW Chimenti PC Loewy AD Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus: axonal projections to the brainstem The Journal of Comparative Neurology 2010 518 9 1460 1499 2-s2.0-77949413839 20187136 

  193. 193 Grill HJ Kaplan JM The neuroanatomical axis for control of energy balance Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 2002 23 1 2 40 2-s2.0-0036162117 11906202 

  194. 194 van der Kooy D Area postrema: site where cholecystokinin acts to decrease food intake Brain Research 1984 295 2 345 347 2-s2.0-0021361551 6713193 

  195. 195 Schwartz TW Holst JJ Fahrenkrug J Vagal, cholinergic regulation of pancreatic polypeptide secretion. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 1978 61 3 781 789 2-s2.0-0017948650 641155 

  196. 196 Ellacott KL Halatchev IG Cone RD Characterization of leptin-responsive neurons in the caudal brainstem Endocrinology 2006 147 7 3190 3195 2-s2.0-33745142241 16601142 

  197. 197 Moriarty P Dimaline R Thompson DG Dockray GJ Characterization of cholecystokinin(A) and cholecystokinin(B) receptors expressed by vagal afferent neurons Neuroscience 1997 79 3 905 913 2-s2.0-0030610482 9219953 

  198. 198 Burdyga G Spiller D Morris R Expression of the leptin receptor in rat and human nodose ganglion neurones Neuroscience 2002 109 2 339 347 2-s2.0-0037185624 11801369 

  199. 199 Nelson DW Sharp JW Brownfield MS Raybould HE Ney DM Localization and activation of glucagon-like peptide-2 receptors on vagal afferents in the rat Endocrinology 2007 148 5 1954 1962 2-s2.0-34249806738 17234710 

  200. 200 Burdyga G Lal S Spiller D Localization of orexin-1 receptors to vagal afferent neurons in the rat and humans Gastroenterology 2003 124 1 129 139 2-s2.0-0037222016 12512037 

  201. 201 Phillips RJ Powley TL Gastric volume rather than nutrient content inhibits food intake The American Journal of Physiology 1996 271 3, part 2 R766 R769 2-s2.0-0029797077 8853402 

  202. 202 Schwartz GJ The role of gastrointestinal vagal afferents in the control of food intake: current prospects Nutrition 2000 16 10 866 873 2-s2.0-0033780625 11054591 

  203. 203 Schwartz GJ Salorio CF Skoglund C Moran TH Gut vagal afferent lesions increase meal size but do not block gastric preload-induced feeding suppression The American Journal of Physiology 1999 276 6, part 2 R1623 R1629 2-s2.0-0033067578 10362740 

  204. 204 Randich A Tyler WJ Cox JE Meller ST Kelm GR Bharaj SS Responses of celiac and cervical vagal afferents to infusions of lipids in the jejunum or ileum of the rat The American Journal of Physiology 2000 278 1 R34 R43 2-s2.0-0034032051 

  205. 205 Kral JG Paez W Wolfe BM Vagal nerve function in obesity: therapeutic implications World Journal of Surgery 2009 33 10 1995 2006 2-s2.0-70349314685 19618240 

  206. 206 Krolczyk G Zurowski D Sobocki J Effects of continuous microchip (MC) vagal neuromodulation on gastrointestinal function in rats Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2001 52 4, part 1 705 715 2-s2.0-0035715675 11787768 

  207. 207 Val-Laillet D Biraben A Randuineau G Malbert CH Chronic vagus nerve stimulation decreased weight gain, food consumption and sweet craving in adult obese minipigs Appetite 2010 55 2 245 252 2-s2.0-77956396479 20600417 

  208. 208 Gil K Bugajski A Thor P Electrical vagus nerve stimulation decreases food consumption and weight gain in rats fed a high-fat diet Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2011 62 6 637 646 22314566 

  209. 209 Fox EA A genetic approach for investigating vagal sensory roles in regulation of gastrointestinal function and food intake Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic & Clinical 2006 126-127 9 29 2-s2.0-33744534796 16677865 

  210. 210 Berthoud HR Homeostatic and non-homeostatic pathways involved in the control of food intake and energy balance Obesity 2006 14 supplement 5 197S 200S 2-s2.0-34347215242 17021366 

  211. 211 Rolls ET Taste, olfactory and food texture reward processing in the brain and obesity International Journal of Obesity 2011 35 4 550 561 2-s2.0-79954448012 20680018 

  212. 212 Whitwell JL Sampson EL Loy CT VBM signatures of abnormal eating behaviours in frontotemporal lobar degeneration NeuroImage 2007 35 1 207 213 2-s2.0-33846939789 17240166 

  213. 213 Cota D Tschöp MH Horvath TL Levine AS Cannabinoids, opioids and eating behavior: the molecular face of hedonism? Brain Research Reviews 2006 51 1 85 107 2-s2.0-33646889517 16364446 

  214. 214 Zhang M Gosnell BA Kelley AE Intake of high-fat food is selectively enhanced by Mu opioid receptor stimulation within the nucleus accumbens The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1998 285 2 908 914 2-s2.0-0031808940 9580643 

  215. 215 Zheng H Patterson LM Berthoud HR Orexin signaling in the ventral tegmental area is required for high-fat appetite induced by opioid stimulation of the nucleus accumbens The Journal of Neuroscience 2007 27 41 11075 11082 2-s2.0-35348824334 17928449 

  216. 216 Di Marzo V Goparaju SK Wang L Leptin-regulated endocannabinoids are involved in maintaining food intake Nature 2001 410 6830 822 825 2-s2.0-0035848818 11298451 

  217. 217 Haber SN Knutson B The reward circuit: linking primate anatomy and human imaging Neuropsychopharmacology 2010 35 1 4 26 2-s2.0-72049086941 19812543 

  218. 218 Szczypka MS Kwok K Brot MD Dopamine production in the caudate putamen restores feeding in dopamine-deficient mice Neuron 2001 30 3 819 828 2-s2.0-0034964279 11430814 

  219. 219 DelParigi A Chen K Salbe AD Reiman EM Tataranni PA Sensory experience of food and obesity: a positron emission tomography study of the brain regions affected by tasting a liquid meal after a prolonged fast NeuroImage 2005 24 2 436 443 2-s2.0-16244368767 15627585 

  220. 220 Bragulat V Dzemidzic M Bruno C Food-related odor probes of brain reward circuits during hunger: a pilot FMRI study Obesity 2010 18 8 1566 1571 2-s2.0-79952198385 20339365 

  221. 221 Stubbs RJ Johnstone AM O’Reilly LM Barton K Reid C The effect of covertly manipulating the energy density of mixed diets on ad libitum food intake in ’pseudo free-living’ humans International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders 1998 22 10 980 987 2-s2.0-0031685169 9806313 

  222. 222 de Lorgeril M Salen P Martin JL Monjaud I Delaye J Mamelle N Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors, and the rate of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction: final report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study Circulation 1999 99 6 779 785 2-s2.0-0032955055 9989963 

  223. 223 Pi-Sunyer FX Use of lifestyle changes treatment plans and drug therapy in controlling cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors Obesity 2006 14 supplement 3 135S 142S 2-s2.0-33846439476 16931495 

  224. 224 Meldrum BS Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the brain: review of physiology and pathology The Journal of Nutrition 2000 130 supplement 4 1007S 1015S 2-s2.0-0034065936 10736372 

  225. 225 Kondoh T Torii K Brain activation by umami substances via gustatory and visceral signaling pathways, and physiological significance Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2008 31 10 1827 1832 2-s2.0-53549112527 18827336 

  226. 226 Kondoh T Mallick HN Torii K Activation of the gut-brain axis by dietary glutamate and physiologic significance in energy homeostasis The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2009 90 3 832S 837S 2-s2.0-70349562019 19587084 

  227. 227 Buckley JD Howe PR Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may be beneficial for reducing obesity-a review Nutrients 2010 2 12 1212 1230 2-s2.0-79952058666 22254005 

  228. 228 Cintra DE Ropelle ER Moraes JC Unsaturated fatty acids revert diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation in obesity PloS ONE 2012 7 1 e30571 

  229. 229 Morton GJ Cummings DE Baskin DG Barsh GS Schwartz MW Central nervous system control of food intake and body weight Nature 2006 443 7109 289 295 2-s2.0-33748931457 16988703 

  230. 230 Lane MD Cha SH Effect of glucose and fructose on food intake via malonyl-CoA signaling in the brain Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2009 382 1 1 5 2-s2.0-63149108459 19265677 

  231. 231 Bello NT Liang NC The use of serotonergic drugs to treat obesity—is there any hope? Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2011 5 95 109 2-s2.0-79953023217 

  232. 232 Halford JC Harrold JA 5-HT(2C) receptor agonists and the control of appetite Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 2012 209 349 356 

  233. 233 Martin C Passilly-Degrace P Gaillard D Merlin JF Chevrot M Besnard P The lipid-sensor candidates CD36 and GPR120 are differentially regulated by dietary lipids in mouse taste buds: impact on spontaneous fat preference PloS ONE 2011 6 8 e24014 

  234. 234 Degrace-Passilly P Besnard P CD36 and taste of fat Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 2012 15 2 107 111 22248592 

  235. 235 Shin YK Egan JM Roles of hormones in taste signaling Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation 2010 52 115 137 2-s2.0-77957745194 20865376 

  236. 236 Young RL Sensing via intestinal sweet taste pathways Frontiers in Neuroscience 2011 5, article 23 

  237. 237 Niki M Yoshida R Takai S Ninomiya Y Gustatory signaling in the periphery: detection, transmission, and modulation of taste information Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2010 33 11 1772 1777 2-s2.0-78249280997 21048297 

  238. 238 Brolin RE Bariatric surgery and long-term control of morbid obesity Journal of the American Medical Association 2002 288 22 2793 2796 2-s2.0-0037065354 12472304 

  239. 239 Cummings DE Overduin J Foster-Schubert KE Gastric bypass for obesity: mechanisms of weight loss and diabetes resolution The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2004 89 6 2608 2615 2-s2.0-2942689978 15181031 

  240. 240 Favretti F Ashton D Busetto L Segato G De Luca M The gastric band: first-choice procedure for obesity surgery World Journal of Surgery 2009 33 10 2039 2048 2-s2.0-70349318019 19551427 

  241. 241 Li JV Ashrafian H Bueter M Metabolic surgery profoundly influences gut microbial-host metabolic cross-talk Gut 2011 60 9 1214 1223 2-s2.0-79955892151 21572120 

  242. 242 Korner J Inabnet W Febres G Prospective study of gut hormone and metabolic changes after adjustable gastric banding and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass International Journal of Obesity 2009 33 7 786 795 2-s2.0-67650417904 19417773 

  243. 243 le Roux CW Welbourn R Werling M Gut hormones as mediators of appetite and weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass Annals of Surgery 2007 246 5 780 785 2-s2.0-35649021752 17968169 

  244. 244 Bueter M Löwenstein C Olbers T Gastric bypass increases energy expenditure in rats Gastroenterology 2010 138 5 1845 1853 2-s2.0-77951667606 19931268 

  245. 245 Laville M Disse E Bariatric surgery for diabetes treatment: why should we go rapidly to surgery Diabetes & Metabolism 2009 35 6, part 2 562 563 2-s2.0-75449092873 20152744 

  246. 246 Musso G Gambino R Cassader M Obesity, diabetes, and gut microbiota: the hygiene hypothesis expanded? Diabetes Care 2010 33 10 2277 2284 2-s2.0-79951683913 20876708 

  247. 247 Qin J Li R Raes J A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing Nature 2010 464 7285 59 65 20203603 

  248. 248 Bäckhed F Ding H Wang T The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2004 101 44 15718 15723 2-s2.0-8144226856 15505215 

  249. 249 Bäckhed F Manchester JK Semenkovich CF Gordon JI Mechanisms underlying the resistance to diet-induced obesity in germ-free mice Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007 104 3 979 984 2-s2.0-33846542071 17210919 

  250. 250 Cani PD Lecourt E Dewulf EM Gut microbiota fermentation of prebiotics increases satietogenic and incretin gut peptide production with consequences for appetite sensation and glucose response after a meal American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2009 90 5 1236 1243 2-s2.0-70350662669 19776140 

  251. 251 Everard A Lazarevic V Derrien M Responses of gut microbiota and glucose and lipid metabolism to prebiotics in genetic obese and diet-induced leptin-resistant mice Diabetes 2011 60 11 2775 2786 21933985 

  252. 252 Muccioli GG Naslain D Bäckhed F The endocannabinoid system links gut microbiota to adipogenesis Molecular Systems Biology 2010 6, article 392 2-s2.0-77955153069 

관련 콘텐츠

오픈액세스(OA) 유형

GOLD

오픈액세스 학술지에 출판된 논문

저작권 관리 안내
섹션별 컨텐츠 바로가기

AI-Helper ※ AI-Helper는 오픈소스 모델을 사용합니다.

AI-Helper 아이콘
AI-Helper
안녕하세요, AI-Helper입니다. 좌측 "선택된 텍스트"에서 텍스트를 선택하여 요약, 번역, 용어설명을 실행하세요.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.

선택된 텍스트

맨위로