[논문]Strategies that athletes use to avoid detection of androgenic-anabolic steroid doping and sanctions

Alquraini, Hussain; Auchus, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.028

[해외논문] Strategies that athletes use to avoid detection of androgenic-anabolic steroid doping and sanctions

Molecular and cellular endocrinology, v.464, 2018년, pp.28 - 33

Alquraini, Hussain (Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA) , Auchus, Richard J. (Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Abstract Androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS) are potent and widely used performance-enhancing substances (PES). Since the International Olympic Committee (IOC) began testing athletes for AAS in the 1970s, athletes and their teams have endeavored to beat the system to avoid doping violations and/or sanctions derived from positive test results. This review will discuss the strategies used to avoid detection based on the pharmacology, biochemistry, and genetics of AAS metabolism and testing principles. Another strategy used is to dope with testosterone under the guise that the athlete has a true medical condition that requires testosterone treatment, using the therapeutic use exemption (TUE) mechanism. Misrepresentation in TUE applications is extending to amateur athletes, as testosterone prescription outside of FDA guidance increases and sport organizations broaden their efforts to police doping at all levels of competition. Strict criteria are enforced under which a TUE for testosterone use may be granted, to maintain the integrity of sport. The challenge of upholding a zero-tolerance policy for AAS abuse, despite popular misconceptions of androgen physiology and pervasive attempts to dope among athletes and physicians, remains a daunting and evolving task for the anti-doping community. Highlights The abuse of androgenic-anabolic steroids is a major public health problem. Athletes use masking agents and other drugs to avoid detection of anabolic steroids. Serial monitoring of individual athlete's steroid profile allow detection of doping. Use of epitestosterone, hCG and diuretics obscure detection of anabolic steroid use. Therapeutic Use Exemptions grant prohibited medication use when properly indicated. Graphical abstract [DISPLAY OMISSION]

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[해외논문] Strategies that athletes use to avoid detection of androgenic-anabolic steroid doping and sanctions

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[해외논문] Strategies that athletes use to avoid detection of androgenic-anabolic steroid doping and sanctions

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