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9. 9 R. Landauer , “ Electrical Conductivity in Inhomogeneous Media ”; pp. 2 – 45 in American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings, No., 40, Electrical Transport and Optical Properties of Inhomogeneous Media . Edited by J. C. Garland and D. B. Tanner . American Institute of Physics , New York , 1978 . 

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18. 18 D. Stauffer , Introduction to Percolation Theory . Taylor and Francis , London , U.K. , 1985 . 

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21. 21 P. G. de Gennes , “ On a Relation Between Percolation Theory and the Elasticity of Gels ,” J. Phys. Lett. , 37 , L1 – L2 ( 1976 ). 

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23. 23 B. Jouhier , C. Allain , B. Gauther‐Manuel , and E. Guyon , “ The Sol‐Gel Transition ”; pp. 167 – 86 in Annals of the Israel Physical Society, Percolation Processes and Structures , Vol. 5 . Edited by G. Deutscher , R. Zallen , and J. Adler . Israel Physical Society , Jerusalem , Israel , 1983 . 

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25. 25 J. W. Halley , “ Polychromatic Percolation ”; pp. 323 – 52 in Annals of the Israel Physical Society, Percolation Processes and Structures , Vol. 5 . Edited by G. Deutscher , R. Zallen , and J. Adler Israel Physical Society , Jerusalem , Israel , 1983 . 

26. 26 F. Carmona , R. Conet , and P. Delhaes , “ Piezoresistivity of Heterogeneous Solids ,” J. Appl. Phys. , 61 , 2550 – 57 ( 1987 ). 

27. 27 N. Deprez and D. S. McLachlan , “ The Analysis of the Electrical Conductivity of Graphite Powders During Compaction ,” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. , D21 , 101 – 107 ( 1988 ). 

28. 28 D. S. McLachlan , “ Equation for the Conductivity of Metal‐Insulator Mixtures ,” J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. , C18 , 1891 – 97 ( 1985 ). 

29. 29 D. S. McLachlan , “ A New Interpretation of Percolation Conductivity Results and Large Critical Regimes ,” Solid State Commun. , 60 , 821 – 25 ( 1986 ). 

30. 30 D. S. McLachlan , “ An Equation for the Conductivity of Binary Mixtures with Anisotropic Grain Structures ,” J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. , C20 , 865 – 77 ( 1987 ). 

31. 31 D. S. McLachlan , “ Equations for the Conductivity of Macroscopic Mixtures ,” J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. , C19 , 1339 – 54 ( 1986 ). 

32. 32 D. S. McLachlan , “ Equation for the Conductivity of Heterogeneous Binary Media ,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. , 26 [ Suppl 26–3 ] 901 – 902 ( 1987 ). 

33. 33 D. S. McLachlan and J. P. Burger , “ An Analysis of the Electrical Conductivity of the Two Phase PdH x System ,” Solid State Commun. , 65 , 159 – 61 ( 1988 ). 

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34. 34 D. S. McLachlan , “ Morphology Dependence of the Resistivity and Meissner Curves in Two‐Phase Superconductors ,” Solid State Commun. , 69 , 925 – 29 ( 1989 ). 

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35. 35 N. Deprez , D. S. McLachlan , and I. Sigalas , “ The Measurement and Comparative Analysis of the Electrical and Thermal Conductivities, Permeability and Young's Modulus of Sintered Nickel ,” Solid State Commun. , 66 , 869 – 72 ( 1988 ). 

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36. 36 D. S. McLachlan , “ The Complex Permittivity of Emulsions: An Effective Media‐Percolation Equation ,” Solid State Commun. , 72 , 925 – 29 ( 1989 ). 

37. 37 K. Lichtenecker , “ Resistance Calculation for Alloys Free of Solid Solution ” (in Ger.), Phys. Z. , 10 , 1005 – 1008 ( 1909 ). 

38. 38 C. J. F. Böttcher , Theory of Electric Polarisation ; pp. 415 – 20 . Elsevier , New York , 1952 . 

39. 39 Z. Hashin and S. Shtrikman , “ A Variational Approach to the Theory of the Effective Magnetic Permeability of Multiphase Materials ,” J. Appl. Phys. , 33 , 3125 – 31 ( 1962 ). 

40. 40 S. M. Aharoni , “ Electrical Resistivity of a Composite of Conducting Particles in an Insulating Matrix ,” J. Appl. Phys. , 43 , 2463 – 65 ( 1972 ). 

41. 41 S. N. Roberts and L. M. Schwartz , “ Grain Consolidation and Electrical Conductivity in Porous Media ,” Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Mater. , B31 , 5990 – 97 ( 1985 ). 

42. 42 A. Malliaris and D. T. Turner , “ Influence of Particle Size on the Electrical Resistivity of Compacted Mixtures of Polymeric and Metallic Powders ,” J. Appl. Phys. , 42 , 614 – 18 ( 1971 ). 

43. 43 R. P. Kusy , “ Influence of Particle Size Ratio on the Continuity of Aggregates ,” J. Appl. Phys. , 48 , 5301 – 305 ( 1977 ). 

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44. 44 F. Carmona , F. Barreau , P. Delhaes , and R. Conet , “ Experimental Model for Studying the Effect of Anisotropy and Percolation Conduction ,” J. Phys. Lett. , 41 , L531 – L534 ( 1980 ). 

45. 45 P. F. Carcia , A. Ferretti , and A. Suna , “ Particle Size Effects in Thick Film Resistors ,” J. Appl. Phys. , 53 , 5282 – 88 ( 1982 ). 

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46. 46 G. E. Pike , “ Electrical Transport and Optical Properties of Inhomogeneous Media ”; pp. 366 – 71 in American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings, No. 40, Electrical Transport and Optical Properties of Inhomogeneous Media . Edited by J. C. Garland and D. B. Tanner . American Institute of Physics , New York , 1978 . 

47. 47 I. Balberg , C. H. Anderson , S. Alexander , and N. Wagner , “ Excluded Volume and Its Relation to the Onset of Percolation ,” Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Mater. , B30 , 3933 – 43 ( 1984 ). 

48. 48 M. Blaszkiewicz , D. S. McLachlan , and R. E. Newnham , “ Morphology and Temperature Dependence of the Resistivity in Carbon Black and Graphite Polymer Composites: An Effective Media‐Percolation Approach ”; unpublished work. 

49. 49 S. Yoshikawa , T. Ota , R. E. Newnham , and A. Amin , “ Piezoresistivity in Polymer‐Ceramic Composites ,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc. , 73 , 263 – 67 ( 1990 ). 

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50. 50 M. Blaszkiewicz , D. S. McLachlan , and R. E. Newnham , “ A Study of the Temperature and Pressure Dependence of the Resistivity in a Ceramic‐Polymer Composite Using a General Effective Media Equation ”; unpublished work. 

51. 51 B. Lundberg and B. Sundqvist , “ Resistivity of a Composite Conducting Polymer as a Function of Temperature, Pressure and Environment; Applications as a Pressure and Gas Concentration Transducer J. Appl. Phys. , 60 , 1074 – 79 ( 1986 ). 

52. 52 G. R. Ruschau , R. E. Newnham , J. Runt , and B. E. Smith , “ 0–3 Ceramic/Polymer Composite Chemical Sensors ,” Sens. Actuators , 20 , 269 – 75 ( 1989 ). 

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53. 53 D. M. Moffatt , J. P. Runt , A. Halliyal , and R. E. Newnham , “ Metal Oxide‐Polymer Thermistors ,” J. Mater. Sci. , 24 , 609 – 14 ( 1989 ). 

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54. 54 D. S. McLachlan , “ A Quantitative Analysis of the Volume Fraction Dependence of the Resistivity of Cermets Using a General Effective Media Equation ”; to be published in J. Appl. Phys.