$\require{mediawiki-texvc}$

연합인증

연합인증 가입 기관의 연구자들은 소속기관의 인증정보(ID와 암호)를 이용해 다른 대학, 연구기관, 서비스 공급자의 다양한 온라인 자원과 연구 데이터를 이용할 수 있습니다.

이는 여행자가 자국에서 발행 받은 여권으로 세계 각국을 자유롭게 여행할 수 있는 것과 같습니다.

연합인증으로 이용이 가능한 서비스는 NTIS, DataON, Edison, Kafe, Webinar 등이 있습니다.

한번의 인증절차만으로 연합인증 가입 서비스에 추가 로그인 없이 이용이 가능합니다.

다만, 연합인증을 위해서는 최초 1회만 인증 절차가 필요합니다. (회원이 아닐 경우 회원 가입이 필요합니다.)

연합인증 절차는 다음과 같습니다.

최초이용시에는
ScienceON에 로그인 → 연합인증 서비스 접속 → 로그인 (본인 확인 또는 회원가입) → 서비스 이용

그 이후에는
ScienceON 로그인 → 연합인증 서비스 접속 → 서비스 이용

연합인증을 활용하시면 KISTI가 제공하는 다양한 서비스를 편리하게 이용하실 수 있습니다.

Spatial features of rain frequency change and pollution and associated aerosols 원문보기

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, v.11 no.15, 2011년, pp.7715 - 7726  

Lin, Y. ,  Min, Q. ,  Zhuang, G. ,  Wang, Z. ,  Gong, W. ,  Li, R.

Abstract AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

Abstract. A spatial-temporal analysis has been conducted using satellite observed distributions of rain frequency, NO2 concentration and aerosol, with focus on the spring season in East Asia. As NO2 is a key precursor of secondary aerosols, especially in urban areas, an increase of NO2 emission is g...

참고문헌 (78)

  1. Albrecht, B. A.: Aerosols, Cloud Microphysics, and Fractional Cloudiness, Science, 245(4923), 1227-1230, 1989. 

  2. Allen, M. R. and Ingram, W. J.: Constraints on future changes in climate and the hydrologic cycle, Nature, 419(6903), 224-232, 2002. 

  3. 10.1175/2007JAMC1803.1 Alpert, P., Halfon, N., and Levin, Z.: Does Air Pollution Really Suppress Precipitation in Israel?, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 47(4), 933-943, 2008. 

  4. 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00374-X Bornstein, R. and Lin, Q.: Urban heat islands and summertime convective thunderstorms in Atlanta: three case studies, Atmos. Environ., 34(3), 507-516, 2000. 

  5. 10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00197-3 Carrico, C. M., Bergin, M. H., Shrestha, A. B., Dibb, J. E., Gomes, L., and Harris, J. M.: The importance of carbon and mineral dust to seasonal aerosol properties in the Nepal Himalaya, Atmos. Environ., 37(20), 2811-2824, 2003. 

  6. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.003 Chan, C. K. and Yao, X.: Air pollution in mega cities in China, Atmos. Environ., 42(1), 1-42, 2008. 

  7. 10.1007/978-1-935704-29-4 Changnon, S. A., Huff, F. A., and Semonin, R. G.: METROMEX: A review and Summary, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, MA, 1981. 

  8. 10.1007/BF00446468 Chow, S. D. and Chang, C.: Shanghai urban influences on humidity and precipitation distribution, GeoJournal, 8(3), 201-204, 1984. 

  9. 10.1029/2001GL013205 Chu, D. A., Kaufman, Y. J., Ichoku, C., Remer, L. A., Tanr, D., and Holben, B. N.: Validation of MODIS aerosol optical depth retrieval over land, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(12), 8007, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013205, 2002. 

  10. Cotton, W. R. and Pielke, R. A.: Human Impacts onWeather and Climate, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1995. 

  11. 10.1175/2007JCLI1958.1 Dell, C. W., Wentz, F. J., and Bennartz, R.: Cloud Liquid Water Path from Satellite-Based Passive Microwave Observations: A New Climatology over the Global Oceans, J. Climate., 21(8), 1721-1739, 2008. 

  12. 10.1029/2003GL017410 DeMott, P. J., Sassen, K., Poellot, M. R., Baumgardner, D., Rogers, D. C., Brooks, S. D., Prenni, A. J., and Kreidenweis, S. M.: African dust aerosols as atmospheric ice nuclei, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(14), 1732, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL017410, 2003. 

  13. 10.1007/BF00613411 Fowler, A. M. and Hennessy, K. J.: Potential Impacts of Global Warming on the Frequency and Magnitude of Heavy Precipitation, Nat. Hazards, 11(3), 283-303, 1995. 

  14. 10.5194/angeo-27-3691-2009 Gautam, R., Hsu, N. C., Lau, K.-M., and Kafatos, M.: Aerosol and rainfall variability over the Indian monsoon region: distributions, trends and coupling, Ann. Geophys., 27, 3691-3703, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-3691-2009, 2009a. 

  15. 10.1029/2008GL036967 Gautam, R., Liu, Z. Y., Singh, R. P., and Hsu, N. C.: Two contrasting dust-dominant periods over India observed from MODIS and CALIPSO data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L06813, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL036967, 2009b. 

  16. 10.1175/1520-0450(2004)043<1038:QPSDTA>2.0.CO;2 Givati, A. and Rosenfeld, D.: Quantifying Precipitation Suppression Due to Air Pollution, J. Appl. Meteorol., 43(7), 1038-1056, 2004. 

  17. Gong, D. Y. and Wang, S. W.: The influence of ENSO on global and China's surface precipitation during recent 100 years, Chinese Science Bulletin, 44(3), 315-320, 1999. 

  18. 10.1088/1748-9326/4/2/025001 Halfon, N., Levin, Z., and Alpert, P.: Temporal rainfall fluctuations in Israel and their possible link to urban and air pollution effects, Environ. Res. Lett., 4(2), 025001, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/4/2/025001, 2009. 

  19. 10.1175/2008JAMC2036.1 Hand, L. M. and Shepherd, J. M.: An Investigation of Warm-Season Spatial Rainfall Variability in Oklahoma City: Possible Linkages to Urbanization and Prevailing Wind, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 48(2), 251-269, 2009. 

  20. 10.5194/acp-5-1039-2005 Heue, K.-P., Richter, A., Bruns, M., Burrows, J. P., v. Friedeburg, C., Platt, U., Pundt, I., Wang, P., and Wagner, T.: Validation of SCIAMACHY tropospheric NO2-columns with AMAXDOAS measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1039-1051, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1039-2005, 2005. 

  21. 10.1029/2000JD900776 Heymsfield, A. J. and McFarquhar, G. M.: Microphysics of INDOEX clean and polluted trade cumulus clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D22), 28653-28673, 2001. 

  22. 10.5194/amt-4-379-2011 Hyer, E. J., Reid, J. S., and Zhang, J.: An over-land aerosol optical depth data set for data assimilation by filtering, correction, and aggregation of MODIS Collection 5 optical depth retrievals, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4(3), 379-408, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-379-2011, 2011. 

  23. IPCC: Observations: Surface and Atmospheric Climate Change, in: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M., and Miller, H. L., the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 2007a. 

  24. IPCC: Technical Summary, in: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 2007b. 

  25. 10.1016/j.asr.2005.11.011 Ionov, D. V., Sinyakov, V. P., and Semenov, V. K.: Validation of GOME (ERS-2) NO2 vertical column data with ground-based measurements at Issyk-Kul (Kyrgyzstan), Adv. Space Res., 37(12), 2254-2260, 2006. 

  26. 10.5194/acp-9-6531-2009 Junkermann, W., Hacker, J., Lyons, T., and Nair, U.: Land use change suppresses precipitation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6531-6539, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6531-2009, 2009. 

  27. 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2023115 Kahn, R. A., Nelson, D. L., Garay, M. J., Levy, R. C., Bull, M. A., Diner, D. J., Martonchik, J. V., Paradise, S. R., Hansen, E. G., and Remer, L. A.: MISR Aerosol Product Attributes and Statistical Comparisons With MODIS, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 47, 12, 4095-4114, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2009.2023115, 2009. 

  28. 10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<0231:STOPAF>2.0.CO;2 Karl, T. R. and Knight, R. W.: Secular Trends of Precipitation Amount, Frequency, and Intensity in the United States, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 79(2), 231-241, 1998. 

  29. 10.1109/TGRS.2002.808226 King, M. D., Menzel, W. P., Kaufman, Y. J., Tanre, D., Gao, B.-C., Platnick, S., Ackerman, S. A., Remer, L. A., Pincus, R., and Hubanks, P. A.: Cloud and Aerosol Properties, Precipitable Water, and Profiles of Temperature and Humidity from MODIS, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 41, 442-458, 2003. 

  30. 10.1029/2005GL023187 Koren, I., Kaufman, Y. J., Rosenfeld, D., Remer, L. A., and Rudich, Y.: Aerosol invigoration and restructuring of Atlantic convective clouds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32(14), L14828, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023187, 2005. 

  31. Landsberg, H. E.: The urban climate, Academic Press, New York, 277 pp., 1981. 

  32. 10.1175/1520-0450(1996)035<1511:TEODPC>2.0.CO;2 Levin, Z., Ganor, E., and Gladstein, V.: The Effects of Desert Particles Coated with Sulfate on Rain Formation in the Eastern Mediterranean, J. Appl. Meteorol., 35(9), 1511-1523, 1996. 

  33. 10.5194/acp-10-10399-2010 Levy, R. C., Remer, L. A., Kleidman, R. G., Mattoo, S., Ichoku, C., Kahn, R., and Eck, T. F.: Global evaluation of the Collection 5 MODIS dark-target aerosol products over land, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10(21), 10399-10420, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10399-2010, 2010. 

  34. 10.1029/2004JD004864 Liu, B., Xu, M., Henderson, M., and Qi, Y.: Observed trends of precipitation amount, frequency, and intensity in China, 1960-2000, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D08103, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004864, 2005. 

  35. 10.1191/030913398670090480 Lowry, W. P.: Urban effects on precipitation amount, Prog. Phys. Geogr., 22(4), 477-520, 1998. 

  36. 10.5194/acp-10-6311-2010 Lu, Z., Streets, D. G., Zhang, Q., Wang, S., Carmichael, G. R., Cheng, Y. F., Wei, C., Chin, M., Diehl, T., and Tan, Q.: Sulfur dioxide emissions in China and sulfur trends in East Asia since 2000, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 6311-6331, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-6311-2010, 2010. 

  37. 10.1029/2001JD900030 Luo, Y., Lu, D., Zhou, X., Li, W., and He, Q.: Characteristics of the spatial distribution and yearly variation of aerosol optical depth over China in last 30 years, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D13), https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD900030, 2001. 

  38. 10.1029/2009JD013065 Ma, J., Chen, Y., Wang, W., Yan, P., Liu, H., Yang, S., Hu, Z., and Lelieveld, J.: Strong air pollution causes widespread haze-clouds over China, J. Geophys. Res., 115(D18), D18204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013065, 2009. 

  39. 10.5194/acp-9-3223-2009 Min, Q.-L., Li, R., Lin, B., Joseph, E., Wang, S., Hu, Y., Morris, V., and Chang, F.: Evidence of mineral dust altering cloud microphysics and precipitation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3223-3231, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-3223-2009, 2009. 

  40. 10.1029/2000GL012186 Nakajima, T., Higurashi, A., Kawamoto, K., and Penner, J. E.: A possible correlation between satellite-derived cloud and aerosol microphysical parameters, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(7), 1171-1174, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012186, 2001. 

  41. 10.1002/joc.680 New, M., Todd, M., Hulme, M., and Jones, P.: Precipitation measurements and trends in the twentieth century, Int. J. Clim., 21(15), 1889-1922, 2001. 

  42. 10.2151/jmsj.85.615 Park, S.-C., Sohn, B.-J., and Wang, B.: Satellite Assessment of Divergent Water Vapor Transport from NCEP, ERA40, and JRA25 Reanalyses over the Asian Summer Monsoon Region, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. Ser. II, 85, 615-632, 2007. 

  43. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.03.060 Prasad, A. K., Singh, S., Chauhan, S. S., Srivastava, M. K., Singh, R. P., and Singh, R.: Aerosol radiative forcing over the Indo-Gangetic plains during major dust storms, Atmos. Environ, 41(29), 6289-6301, 2007. 

  44. 10.1029/2000RG000095 Prospero, J. M., Ginoux, P., Torres, O., Nicholson, S. E., and Gill, T. E.: Environmental characterization of global sources of atmospheric soil dust identified with the Nimbus 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) absorbing aerosol product, Rev. Geophys., 40(1), 1002, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000RG000095, 2002. 

  45. 10.1029/2008JD011575 Qian, Y., Gong, D., Fan, J., Leung, L. R., Bennartz, R., Chen, D., andWang,W.: Heavy pollution suppresses light rain in China: Observations and modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D00K02, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011575, 2009. 

  46. Ramanathan, V., Crutzen, P. J., Kiehl, J. T., and Rosenfeld, D.: Aerosols, Climate, and the Hydrological Cycle, Science, 294(5549), 2119-2124, 2001. 

  47. 10.1073/pnas.0500656102 Ramanathan, V., Chung, C., Kim, D., Bettge, T., Buja, L., Kiehl, J. T., Washington, W. M., Fu, Q., Sikka, D. R., and Wild, M.: Atmospheric brown clouds: Impacts on South Asian climate and hydrological cycle, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 102(15), 5326-5333, 2005. 

  48. 10.1175/JAS3385.1 Remer, L. A., Kaufman, Y. J., Tanre, D., Mattoo, S., Chu, D. A., Martins, J. V., Li, R. R., Ichoku, C., Levy, R. C., Kleidman, R. G., Eck, T. F., Vermote, E., and Holben, B. N.: The MODIS Aerosol Algorithm, Products, and Validation, J. Atmos. Sci., 62(4), 947-973, 2005. 

  49. 10.1029/2007JD009661 Remer, L. A., Kleidman, R. G., Levy, R. C., Kaufman, Y. J., Tanre, D., Mattoo, S., Martins, J. V., Ichoku, C., Koren, I., Yu, H. B., and Holben, B. N.: Global aerosol climatology from the MODIS satellite sensors, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D14S07, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009661, 2008. 

  50. 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00100-X Richter, A. and Burrows, J. P.: Tropospheric NO2 from GOME measurements, Adv. Space Res., 29(11), 1673-1683, 2002. 

  51. Richter, A., Burrows, J. P., Nusz, H., Granier, C., and Niemeier, U.: Increase in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide over China observed from space, Nature, 437(7055), 129-132, 2005. 

  52. Rosenfeld, D.: Suppression of rain and snow by urban and industrial air pollution, Science, 287(5459), 1793-1796, 2000. 

  53. 10.1073/pnas.101122798 Rosenfeld, D., Rudich, Y., and Lahav, R.: Desert dust suppressing precipitation: A possible desertification feedback loop, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 98(11), 5975-5980, 2001. 

  54. Rosenfeld, D., Dai, J., Yu, X., Yao, Z., Xu, X., Yang, X., and Du, C.: Inverse Relations Between Amounts of Air Pollution and Orographic Precipitation, Science, 315(5817), 1396-1398, 2007. 

  55. Rosenfeld, D., Lohmann, U., Raga, G. B., O'Dowd, C. D., Kulmala, M., Fuzzi, S., Reissell, A., and Andreae, M. O.: Flood or Drought: How Do Aerosols Affect Precipitation?, Science, 321(5894), 1309-1313, 2008. 

  56. 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.03.022 Shepherd, J. M.: Evidence of urban-induced precipitation variability in arid climate regimes, J. Arid Environ., 67(4), 607-628, 2006. 

  57. 10.1175/1087-3562(2003)007<0001:DOUIRA>2.0.CO;2 Shepherd, J. M. and Burian, S. J.: Detection of Urban-Induced Rainfall Anomalies in a Major Coastal City, Earth Interact., 7(4), 1-17, 2003. 

  58. 10.1175/1520-0450(2002)041<0689:RMBMUA>2.0.CO;2 Shepherd, J. M., Pierce, H., and Negri, A. J.: Rainfall Modification by Major Urban Areas: Observations from Spaceborne Rain Radar on the TRMM Satellite, J. Appl. Meteorol., 41(7), 689-701, 2002. 

  59. Singh, R. P., Prasad, A. K., Chauhan, S. S., Singh, S., and Holben, B.: Long-range transport of aerosols and their impact on the air quality of the Indo-Gangetic basin, paper presented at 36th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Beijing, China, 2006. 

  60. 10.1029/2009GL038888 Small, J. D., Chuang, P. Y., Feingold, G., and Jiang, H. L.: Can aerosol decrease cloud lifetime?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L16806, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL038888, 2009. 

  61. Stevens, B. and Feingold, G.: Untangling aerosol effects on clouds and precipitation in a buffered system, Nature, 461(7264), 607-613, 2009. 

  62. 10.2151/jmsj.86A.143 Stevens, B. and Seifert, A.: Understanding macrophysical outcomes of microphysical choices in simulations of shallow cumulus convection, J. Meteorol. Soc., 86, 143-162, 2008. 

  63. Su, B., Jiang, T., Ren, G., and Chen, Z.: Trends of Extreme Precipitation over the Yangtze River Basin of China in 1960-2004, Advances in Climate Change Research, 3, 45-50, 2007. 

  64. 10.1029/2005JD006054 Sun, Y., Zhuang, G., Wang, Y., Zhao, X., Li, J., Wang, Z., and An, Z.: Chemical composition of dust storms in Beijing and implications for the mixing of mineral aerosol with pollution aerosol on the pathway, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D24209, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006054, 2005. 

  65. 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.07.003 Tirado, M. C., Clarke, R., Jaykus, L. A., McQuatters-Gollop, A., and Franke, J. M.: Climate change and food safety: A review, Food Res. Int., 43(7), 1745-1765, 2010. 

  66. 10.1175/JAM2492.1 van den Heever, S. C., and Cotton, W. R.: Urban Aerosol Impacts on Downwind Convective Storms, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 46(6), 828-850, 2007. 

  67. 10.1029/2005JD006594 van der A, R. J., Peters, D. H. M. U., Eskes, H., Boersma, K. F., Van Roozendael, M., De Smedt, I., and Kelder, H. M.: Detection of the trend and seasonal variation in tropospheric NO2 over China, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D12317, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006594, 2006. 

  68. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.051 Wang, Y., Zhuang, G., Zhang, X., Huang, K., Xu, C., Tang, A., Chen, J., and An, Z.: The ion chemistry, seasonal cycle, and sources of PM2.5 and TSP aerosol in Shanghai, Atmos. Environ., 40(16), 2935-2952, 2006. 

  69. 10.1029/2001JD000380 Williams, E., Rosenfeld, D., Madden, N., Gerlach, J., Gears, N., Atkinson, L., Dunnemann, N., Frostrom, G., Antonio, M., Biazon, B., Camargo, R., Franca, H., Gomes, A., Lima, M., Machado, R., Manhaes, S., Nachtigall, L., Piva, H., Quintiliano, W., Machado, L., Artaxo, P., Roberts, G., Renno, N., Blakeslee, R., Bailey, J., Boccippio, D., Betts, A., Wolff, D., Roy, B., Halverson, J., Rickenbach, T., Fuentes, J., and Avelino, E.: Contrasting convective regimes over the Amazon: Implications for cloud electrification, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D20), 8082, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000380, 2002. 

  70. 10.1002/joc.1094 Yang, F. and Lau, K. M.: Trend and variability of China precipitation in spring and summer: linkage to sea-surface temperatures, Int. J. Clim., 24(13), 1625-1644, 2004. 

  71. 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2002.00268.x Yum, S. S. and Hudson, J. G.: Maritime/continental microphysical contrasts in stratus, Tellus B, 54(1), 61-73, 2002. 

  72. 10.1175/JCLI-3318.1 Zhai, P., Zhang, X., Wan, H., and Pan, X.: Trends in Total Precipitation and Frequency of Daily Precipitation Extremes over China, J. Clim., 18(7), 1096-1108, 2005. 

  73. 10.1029/2009GL038723 Zhang, J. L. and Reid, J. S.: An analysis of clear sky and contextual biases using an operational over ocean MODIS aerosol product, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L15824, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL038723, 2009. 

  74. 10.5194/acp-10-10949-2010 Zhang, J. L. and Reid, J. S.: A decadal regional and global trend analysis of the aerosol optical depth using a data-assimilation grade over-water MODIS and Level 2 MISR aerosol products, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10949-10963, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10949-2010, 2010. 

  75. 10.1029/2007JD008684 Zhang, Q., Streets, D. G., He, K.,Wang, Y., Richter, A., Burrows, J. P., Uno, I., Jang, C. J., Chen, D., Yao, Z., and Lei, Y.: NOx emission trends for China, 1995-2004: The view from the ground and the view from space, J. Geophys. Res., 112(D22), D22306, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008684, 2007. 

  76. 10.1007/s00376-009-8047-1 Zhang, H. Q., Li, Y. H., and Gao, X. J.: Potential Impacts of Land-Use on Climate Variability and Extremes, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 26(5), 840-854, 2009. 

  77. Zhang, X., Zwiers, F. W., Hegerl, G. C., Lambert, F. H., Gillett, N. P., Solomon, S., Stott, P. A., and Nozawa, T.: Detection of human influence on twentieth-century precipitation trends, Nature, 448(7152), 461-465, 2007. 

  78. 10.1029/2006GL025959 Zhao, C., Tie, X., and Lin, Y.: A possible positive feedback of reduction of precipitation and increase in aerosols over eastern central China, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L11814, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL025959, 2006. 

관련 콘텐츠

오픈액세스(OA) 유형

GOLD

오픈액세스 학술지에 출판된 논문

이 논문과 함께 이용한 콘텐츠

저작권 관리 안내
섹션별 컨텐츠 바로가기

AI-Helper ※ AI-Helper는 오픈소스 모델을 사용합니다.

AI-Helper 아이콘
AI-Helper
안녕하세요, AI-Helper입니다. 좌측 "선택된 텍스트"에서 텍스트를 선택하여 요약, 번역, 용어설명을 실행하세요.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.

선택된 텍스트

맨위로