[논문]A general constitutive model for dense, fine-particle suspensions validated in many geometries

Baumgarten, Aaron S.; Kamrin, Ken

doi:10.1073/pnas.1908065116

A general constitutive model for dense, fine-particle suspensions validated in many geometries 원문보기

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v.116 no.42, 2019년, pp.20828 - 20836

Baumgarten, Aaron S. (Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139) , Kamrin, Ken

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

SignificanceShear-thickening suspensions display peculiar phenomena, exhibiting solid-like and fluid-like behaviors at the same volume fraction. These materials have puzzled researchers since the 1930s and have seen renewed interest due to advances in computational and experimental methods as well as new infrastructural and military applications that might exploit these behaviors. We introduce a continuum model for shear-thickening suspensions, which correctly predicts realistic 3D flows including transient and inhomogeneous cases. Our approach builds the microscopic physics of particle repulsion into a framework for general fluid–grain mixtures, bridging to the fields of geomechanics and granular rheology. Using a material point method routine, we provide a robust model implementation and demonstrate the method’s broader utility for a variety of fluid-particle flow problems.Fine-particle suspensions (such as cornstarch mixed with water) exhibit dramatic changes in viscosity when sheared, producing fascinating behaviors that captivate children and rheologists alike. Examination of these mixtures in simple flow geometries suggests intergranular repulsion and its influence on the frictional nature of granular contacts is central to this effect—for mixtures at rest or shearing slowly, repulsion prevents frictional contacts from forming between particles, whereas when sheared more forcefully, granular stresses overcome the repulsion allowing particles to interact frictionally and form microscopic structures that resist flow. Previous constitutive studies of these mixtures have focused on particular cases, typically limited to 2D, steady, simple shearing flows. In this work, we introduce a predictive and general, 3D continuum model for this material, using mixture theory to couple the fluid and particle phases. Playing a central role in the model, we introduce a microstructural state variable, whose evolution is deduced from small-scale physical arguments and checked with existing data. Our space- and time-dependent model is implemented numerically in a variety of unsteady, nonuniform flow configurations where it is shown to accurately capture a variety of key behaviors: 1) the continuous shear-thickening (CST) and discontinuous shear-thickening (DST) behavior observed in steady flows, 2) the time-dependent propagation of “shear jamming fronts,” 3) the time-dependent propagation of “impact-activated jamming fronts,” and 4) the non-Newtonian, “running on oobleck” effect, wherein fast locomotors stay afloat while slow ones sink.

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A general constitutive model for dense, fine-particle suspensions validated in many geometries 원문보기

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