다음과 같은 기능을 한번의 로그인으로 사용 할 수 있습니다.
NTIS 바로가기
La Revue de médecine interne, v.41 no.6, 2020년, pp.375 - 389
Bonny, V. (DES de pneumologie, Sorbonne-université) , Maillard, A. , Mousseaux, C. (DES de maladies infectieuses, MSc, université) , Plaçais, L. (de Paris) , Richier, Q. (DES de né)
AI-Helper
Abstract SARS-CoV-2 infection, named COVID-19, can lead to a dysregulated immune response and abnormal coagulation responsible for a viral sepsis. In this review, we specify physiopathological mechanisms of each phase of COVID-19 – viral, immune and pro-thrombotic – notably because they...
Résumé L’infection par le SARS-CoV-2, nommée COVID-19, peut conduire à une réaction immunitaire inadaptée et à une coagulopathie responsables d’un véritable sepsis viral. Dans cette revue, nous précisons les mécanismes physiopathologiques propres à chacune des phases de la COVID-19 – virale, immunitaire et pro-thrombotique – en soulignant les différentes perspectives thérapeutiques qui en découlent. Enfin, nous précisons les mécanismes physiopathologiques mis en jeu dans chaque organe dont l’atteinte a été décrite dans les études cliniques.
1 Zhu N. Zhang D. Wang W. Li X. Yang B. Song J. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019 N Engl J Med 382 8 2020 727 733 31978945
2 Wu Y. Ho W. Huang Y. Jin D.Y. Li S. Liu S.L. SARS-CoV-2 is an appropriate name for the new coronavirus Lancet 395 10228 2020 949 950
3 Wong G. Liu W. Liu Y. Zhou B. Bi Y. Gao G.F. MERS, SARS, and Ebola: the role of super-spreaders in infectious disease Cell Host Microbe 18 4 2015 398 401 26468744
4 Zhou P. Yang X.L. Wang X.G. Hu B. Zhang L. Zhang W. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin Nature 579 7798 2020 270 273 32015507
5 Guan W. Ni Z. Hu Y. Liang W. Ou C. He J. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China N Engl J Med 382 18 2020 1708 1720 32109013
6 Huang C. Wang Y. Li X. Ren L. Zhao J. Hu Y. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Lancet 395 2020 497 506 31986264
7 Li H. Liu L. Zhang D. Xu J. Dai H. Tang N. SARS-CoV-2 and viral sepsis: observations and hypotheses Lancet 395 10235 2020 1517 1520 32311318
8 Remy K.E. Brakenridge S.C. Francois B. Daix T. Deutschman C.S. Monneret G. Immunotherapies for COVID-19: lessons learned from sepsis Lancet Respir Med 2020 0
9 Cui J. Li F. Shi Z.-L. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses Nat Rev Microbiol 17 2019 181 192 30531947
10 Yin Y. Wunderink R.G. MERS, SARS and other coronaviruses as causes of pneumonia Respirology 23 2018 130 137 29052924
11 Ren L.-L. Wang Y.-M. Wu Z.-Q. Xiang Z.-C. Guo L. Xu T. Identification of a novel coronavirus causing severe pneumonia in human: a descriptive study Chin Med J (Engl) 133 9 2020 1015 1024 32004165
12 Wu F. Zhao S. Yu B. Chen Y.-M. Wang W. Song Z.-G. A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China Nature 579 2020 259 265
13 de Wilde A.H. Snijder E.J. Kikkert M. van Hemert M.J. Host factors in coronavirus replication Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 419 2018 1 42 28643204
14 Wrapp D. Wang N. Corbett K.S. Goldsmith J.A. Hsieh C.-L. Abiona O. Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation Science 367 2020 1260 1263 32075877
15 de Wit E. van Doremalen N. Falzarano D. Munster V.J. SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses Nat Rev Microbiol 14 2016 523 534 27344959
16 Zhang T. Wu Q. Zhang Z. Probable pangolin origin of SARS-CoV-2 associated with the COVID-19 outbreak Curr Biol 30 2020 1346 1351 32197085
17 Lam T.T.-Y. Shum M.H.-H. Zhu H.-C. Tong Y.-G. Ni X.-B. Liao Y.-S. Identifying SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins Nature 2020 10.1038/s41586-020-2169-0
18 Wang Q. Zhang Y. Wu L. Niu S. Song C. Zhang Z. Structural and functional basis of SARS-CoV-2 entry by using human ACE2 Cell 2020 10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.045
19 Xiao K. Zhai J. Feng Y. Zhou N. Zhang X. Zou J.-J. Isolation of SARS-CoV-2-Related coronavirus from Malayan pangolins Nature 2020 10.1038/s41586-020-23136-x
20 Tang X, Wu C, Li X, Song Y, Yao X, Wu X, et al. On the origin and continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2. Natl Sci Rev. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaa036.
21 Xiong C. Jiang L. Chen Y. Jiang Q. Evolution and variation of 2019-novel coronavirus BioRxiv 2020 10.1101/2020.01.30.926477
22 van Doremalen N. Bushmaker T. Morris D.H. Holbrook M.G. Gamble A. Williamson B.N. Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1 N Engl J Med 382 16 2020 1564 1567 32182409
23 Wölfel R. Corman V.M. Guggemos W. Seilmaier M. Zange S. Müller M.A. Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 Nature 2020 10.1038/s41586-020-2196-x
24 Lescure F.-X. Bouadma L. Nguyen D. Parisey M. Wicky P.-H. Behillil S. Clinical and virological data of the first cases of COVID-19 in Europe: a case series Lancet Infect Dis 2020 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30200-0
25 Wang W. Xu Y. Gao R. Lu R. Han K. Wu G. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens JAMA 2020 e203786 10.1001/jama.2020.3786
26 Zheng S. Fan J. Yu F. Feng B. Lou B. Zou Q. Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China, January-March 2020: retrospective cohort study BMJ 2020 m1443 32317267
27 Lamers M.M. Beumer J. van der Vaart J. Knoops K. Puschhof J. Breugem T.I. SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes Science 2020 10.1126/science.abc1669
28 Dong L. Tian J. He S. Zhu C. Wang J. Liu C. Possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an infected mother to her newborn JAMA 2020 e204621 10.1001/jama.2020.4621
29 Hoffmann M. Kleine-Weber H. Schroeder S. Krüger N. Herrler T. Erichsen S. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor Cell 2020 [S0092867420302294]
30 Coutard B. Valle C. de Lamballerie X. Canard B. Seidah N.G. Decroly E. The spike glycoprotein of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV contains a furin-like cleavage site absent in CoV of the same clade Antiviral Res 176 2020 104742 32057769
31 Walls A.C. Park Y.-J. Tortorici M.A. Wall A. McGuire A.T. Veesler D. Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein Cell 181 2 2020
32 Wang X. Xu W. Hu G. Xia S. Sun Z. Liu Z. SARS-CoV-2 infects T lymphocytes through its spike protein-mediated membrane fusion Cell Mol Immunol 2020 1 3
33 Pécheur È.-I. Polyak S.J. The synthetic antiviral drug arbidol inhibits globally prevalent pathogenic viruses Med Sci MS 32 2016 1056 1059
34 Khamitov R.A. Loginova S.I. Shchukina V.N. Borisevich S.V. Maksimov V.A. Shuster A.M. Antiviral activity of arbidol and its derivatives against the pathogen of severe acute respiratory syndrome in the cell cultures Vopr Virusol 53 2008 9 13
35 Wang M. Cao R. Zhang L. Yang X. Liu J. Xu M. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro Cell Res 30 2020 269 271 32020029
36 Yao X. Ye F. Zhang M. Cui C. Huang B. Niu P. In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Clin Infect Dis 2020 ciaa237 10.1093/cid/ciaa237 32150618
37 Al-Bari M.A.A. Chloroquine analogues in drug discovery: new directions of uses, mechanisms of actions and toxic manifestations from malaria to multifarious diseases J Antimicrob Chemother 70 2015 1608 1621 25693996
38 Vincent M.J. Bergeron E. Benjannet S. Erickson B.R. Rollin P.E. Ksiazek T.G. Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread Virol J 2 2005 69 16115318
39 Gautret P. Lagier J.-C. Parola P. Hoang V.T. Meddeb L. Mailhe M. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial Int J Antimicrob Agents 49 2020 1059
40 Molina J.M. Delaugerre C. Le Goff J. Mela-Lima B. Ponscarme D. Goldwirt L. No evidence of rapid antiviral clearance or clinical benefit with the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in patients with severe COVID-19 infection Med Mal Infect 2020 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.03.006
41 Geleris J. Sun Y. Platt J. Zucker J. Baldwin M. Hripcsak G. Observational study of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with Covid-19 N Engl J Med 2020 10.1056/NEJMoa2012410
42 Borba M.G.S. Val F.F.A. Sampaio V.S. Alexandre M.A.A. Melo G.C. Brito M. Effect of high vs. low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a randomized clinical trial JAMA Netw Open 3 2020 e208857 32330277
43 de Wilde A.H. Jochmans D. Posthuma C.C. Zevenhoven-Dobbe J.C. van Nieuwkoop S. Bestebroer T.M. Screening of an FDA-approved compound library identifies four small-molecule inhibitors of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Replication in cell culture Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58 2014 4875 4884 24841269
44 Changeux J-P, Amoura Z, Rey FA, Miyara M. A nicotinic hypothesis for Covid-19 with preventive and therapeutic implications. https://doi.org/10.32388/FXGQSB.
45 Stockman L.J. Bellamy R. Garner P. SARS: systematic review of treatment effects PLoS Med 3 9 2006 e343 16968120
46 Choy K.-T. Wong A.Y.-L. Kaewpreedee P. Sia S.F. Chen D. Hui K.P.Y. Remdesivir, lopinavir, emetine, and homoharringtonine inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro Antiviral Res 178 2020 104786 32251767
47 Cao B. Wang Y. Wen D. Liu W. Wang J. Fan G. A trial of Lopinavir–Ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe Covid-19 N Engl J Med 382 19 2020 1787 1799 32187464
48 Lack of evidence to support use of darunavir-based treatments for SARS-CoV-2 2020 Johnson & Johnson https://www.jnj.com/lack-of-evidence-to-support-darunavir-based-hiv-treatments-for-coronavirus
49 Agostini M.L. Andres E.L. Sims A.C. Graham R.L. Sheahan T.P. Lu X. Coronavirus susceptibility to the antiviral remdesivir (gs-5734) is mediated by the viral polymerase and the proofreading exoribonuclease mBio 9 2 2018 e00221–18
50 Wang Y. Zhang D. Du G. Du R. Zhao J. Jin Y. Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial Lancet 2020 2 9 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31022-9
51 Grein J. Ohmagari N. Shin D. Diaz G. Asperges E. Castagna A. Compassionate Use of remdesivir for patients with severe Covid-19 N Engl J Med 2020 10.1056/NEJMoa2007016
52 Channappanavar R. Fehr A.R. Vijay R. Mack M. Zhao J. Meyerholz D.K. Dysregulated type I interferon and inflammatory monocyte-macrophage responses cause lethal pneumonia in SARS-CoV-infected mice Cell Host Microbe 19 2016 181 193 26867177
53 Siddiqi H.K. Mehra M.R. COVID-19 illness in native and immunosuppressed states: a clinical-therapeutic staging proposal J Heart Lung Transplant 39 5 2020 405 407 32362390
54 Hadjadj J. Yatim N. Barnabei L. Corneau A. Boussier J. Pere H. Impaired type I interferon activity and exacerbated inflammatory responses in severe Covid-19 patients MedRxiv 2020 10.1101/2020.04.19.20068015
55 Kuba K. Imai Y. Rao S. Gao H. Guo F. Guan B. A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus–induced lung injury Nat Med 11 2005 875 879 16007097
56 Singh A.K. Gupta R. Misra A. Comorbidities in COVID-19: Outcomes in hypertensive cohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev 14 2020 283 287
57 Vaduganathan M. Vardeny O. Michel T. McMurray J.J.V. Pfeffer M.A. Solomon S.D. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors in patients with Covid-19 N Engl J Med 382 17 2020 1653 1659 32227760
58 Liu Y. Yang Y. Zhang C. Huang F. Wang F. Yuan J. Clinical and biochemical indexes from 2019-nCoV infected patients linked to viral loads and lung injury Sci China Life Sci 63 2020 364 374 32048163
59 Mehra M.R. Desai S.S. Kuy S. Henry T.D. Patel A.N. Cardiovascular disease, drug therapy, and mortality in Covid-19 N Engl J Med 2020 10.1056/NEJMoa2007621
60 Reynolds H.R. Adhikari S. Pulgarin C. Troxel A.B. Iturrate E. Johnson S.B. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors and risk of Covid-19 N Engl J Med 2020 10.1056/NEJMoa2008975
61 Mancia G. Rea F. Ludergnani M. Apolone G. Corrao G. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockers and the risk of Covid-19 N Engl J Med 2020 10.1056/NEJMoa2006923
62 Allison S.J. SARS-CoV-2 infection of kidney organoids prevented with soluble human ACE2 Nat Rev Nephrol 1 2020 10.1038/s41581-020-0291-8
63 Finlay B.B. McFadden G. Anti-immunology: evasion of the host immune system by bacterial and viral pathogens Cell 124 2006 767 782 16497587
64 Vabret N. Britton G.J. Gruber C. Hegde S. Kim J. Kuksin M. Immunology of COVID-19: current state of the science Immunity 2020 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.05.002
65 Stetson D.B. Medzhitov R. Type I interferons in host defense Immunity 25 2006 373 381 16979569
66 Commins S.P. Borish L. Steinke J.W. Immunologic messenger molecules: cytokines, interferons, and chemokines J Allergy Clin Immunol 125 2010 S53 S72 19932918
67 Versteeg G.A. Bredenbeek P.J. van den Worm S.H.E. Spaan W.J.M. Group 2 coronaviruses prevent immediate early interferon induction by protection of viral RNA from host cell recognition Virology 361 2007 18 26 17316733
68 Snijder E.J. van der Meer Y. Zevenhoven-Dobbe J. Onderwater J.J.M. van der Meulen J. Koerten H.K. Ultrastructure and origin of membrane vesicles associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication complex J Virol 80 2006 5927 5940 16731931
69 Hu Y. Li W. Gao T. Cui Y. Jin Y. Li P. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nucleocapsid inhibits type I interferon production by interfering with TRIM25-mediated RIG-I ubiquitination J Virol 2017 91
70 Züst R. Cervantes-Barragan L. Habjan M. Maier R. Neuman B.W. Ziebuhr J. Ribose 2′-O-methylation provides a molecular signature for the distinction of self and non-self mRNA dependent on the RNA sensor Mda5 Nat Immunol 12 2011 137 143 21217758
71 Barber G.N. STING: infection, inflammation and cancer Nat Rev Immunol 15 2015 760 770 26603901
72 Mesev E.V. LeDesma R.A. Ploss A. Decoding type I and III interferon signalling during viral infection Nat Microbiol 4 2019 914 924 30936491
73 Devaraj S.G. Wang N. Chen Z. Chen Z. Tseng M. Barretto N. Regulation of IRF-3-dependent innate immunity by the papain-like protease domain of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus J Biol Chem 282 2007 32208 32221 17761676
74 Yang Y. Zhang L. Geng H. Deng Y. Huang B. Guo Y. The structural and accessory proteins M, ORF 4a ORF 4b, and ORF 5 of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are potent interferon antagonists. Protein Cell 4 2013 951 961 24318862
75 Minakshi R. Padhan K. Rani M. Khan N. Ahmad F. Jameel S. The S.A.R.S. Coronavirus 3a protein causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and induces ligand-independent downregulation of the type 1 interferon receptor PloS One 4 2009 e8342 20020050
76 Wathelet M.G. Orr M. Frieman M.B. Baric R.S. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus evades antiviral signaling: role of nsp1 and rational design of an attenuated strain J Virol 81 2007 11620 11633 17715225
77 Frieman M. Ratia K. Johnston R.E. Mesecar A.D. Baric R.S. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus papain-like protease ubiquitin-like domain and catalytic domain regulate antagonism of IRF3 and NF-kappaB signaling J Virol 83 2009 6689 6705 19369340
78 Menachery V.D. Gralinski L.E. Mitchell H.D. Dinnon K.H. Leist S.R. Yount B.L. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus nonstructural protein 16 is necessary for interferon resistance and viral pathogenesis mSphere 2 6 2017 e00317 e00346
79 Canton J. Fehr A.R. Fernandez-Delgado R. Gutierrez-Alvarez F.J. Sanchez-Aparicio M.T. García-Sastre A. MERS-CoV 4b protein interferes with the NF-κB-dependent innate immune response during infection PLoS Pathog 14 2018 e1006838 29370303
80 Angeletti S. Benvenuto D. Bianchi M. Giovanetti M. Pascarella S. Ciccozzi M. COVID-2019: the role of the nsp2 and nsp3 in its pathogenesis J Med Virol 2020
81 Wang C. Liu Z. Chen Z. Huang X. Xu M. He T. The establishment of reference sequence for SARS-CoV-2 and variation analysis J Med Virol 2020
82 Gordon D.E. Jang G.M. Bouhaddou M. Xu J. Obernier K. White K.M. A SARS-CoV- 2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing Nature 2020 10.1038/s41586-020-2286-9
83 Zhou P. Tachedjian M. Wynne J.W. Boyd V. Cui J. Smith I. Contraction of the type I IFN locus and unusual constitutive expression of IFN- in bats Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113 2016 2696 2701 26903655
84 Wang D. Hu B. Hu C. Zhu F. Liu X. Zhang J. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China JAMA 323 2020 1061 1069 32031570
85 Blanco-Melo D, Nilsson-Payant BE, Liu W-C, Uhl S, Møller R, Jordan TX, et al. Imbalanced host response to SARS-CoV-2 drives development of COVID-19. Cell. 2020;S0092-8674(20) doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.026
86 Zhou Z, Ren L, Zhang L, Zhong J, Xiao Y, Jia Z, et al. Overly Exuberant Innate Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection.(2020). Overly Exuberant Innate Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection. SSRN Electronic Journal. 10.2139/ssrn.3551623
87 Hadjadj J, Nader Yatim, Barnabei L, Corneau A, Boussier J, Pere H, et al. Impaired type I interferon activity and exacerbated inflammatory responses in severe Covid-19 patients https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.19.20068015v1. Posted April 23, 2020 and Accessed April 27, 2020
88 Zhou F. Yu T. Du R. Fan G. Liu Y. Liu Z. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study Lancet 2020 [S0140673620305663]
89 Wang W. Ye L. Ye L. Li B. Gao B. Zeng Y. Up-regulation of IL-6 and TNF-alpha induced by SARS-coronavirus spike protein in murine macrophages via NF-kappaB pathway Virus Res 128 2007 1 8 17532082
90 Haga S. Yamamoto N. Nakai-Murakami C. Osawa Y. Tokunaga K. Sata T. Modulation of TNF-alpha-converting enzyme by the spike protein of SARS-CoV and ACE2 induces TNF-alpha production and facilitates viral entry Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105 2008 7809 7814 18490652
91 Mehta P. McAuley D.F. Brown M. Sanchez E. Tattersall R.S. Manson J.J. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression Lancet 395 2020 1033 1034 32192578
92 Boudewijns R. Thibaut H.J. Kaptein S.J.F. Li R. Vergote V. Seldeslachts L. STAT2 signaling as double-edged sword restricting viral dissemination but driving severe pneumonia in SARS-CoV-2 infected hamsters BioRxiv 2020 10.1101/2020.04.23.056838
93 Ziegler C, Allon SJ, Nyquist SK, Mbano I, Miao VN, Cao Y, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 is an interferon-stimulated gene in human airway epithelial cells and is enriched in specific cell subsets across tissues.Cell. 2020;S0092-8674(20)30500-6. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.035
94 Qin C. Zhou L. Hu Z. Zhang S. Yang S. Tao Y. Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China Clin Infect Dis 2020 10.1093/cid/ciaa248
95 Zheng M. Gao Y. Wang G. Song G. Liu S. Sun D. Functional exhaustion of Antiviral lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients Cell Mol Immunol 17 5 2020 533 535 32203188
96 Zhao J. Yuan Q. Wang H. Liu W. Liao X. Su Y. Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients of novel coronavirus disease 2019 Clin Infect Dis 2020 10.1093/cid/ciaa344
97 To K.K.-W. Tsang O.T.-Y. Leung W.-S. Tam A.R. Wu T.-C. Lung D.C. Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study Lancet Infect Dis 20 5 2020 565 574 32213337
98 Guo L. Ren L. Yang S. Xiao M. Chang D. Yang F. Profiling early humoral response to diagnose novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Clin Infect Dis 2020 10.1093/cid/ciaa310
99 Grzelak L. Temmam S. Planchais C. Demeret C. Huon C. Guivel F. SARS-CoV-2 serological analysis of COVID-19 hospitalized patients, pauci-symptomatic individuals and blood donors medRxiv 2020 10.1101/2020.04.21.20068858
100 Shen C. Wang Z. Zhao F. Yang Y. Li J. Yuan J. Treatment of 5 critically ill patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma JAMA 323 16 2020 1582 1589 32219428
101 Luo F. Liao F.-L. Wang H. Tang H.-B. Yang Z.-Q. Hou W. Evaluation of antibody-dependent enhancement of SARS-CoV infection in rhesus macaques immunized with an inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine Virol Sin 33 2018 201 204 29541941
102 Ju B. Zhang Q. Ge X. Wang R. Yu J. Shna S. Potent human neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection bioRxiv 2020 10.1101/2020.03.21.990770
103 Sacre K. Criswell L.A. McCune J.M. Hydroxychloroquine is associated with impaired interferon-alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells in systemic lupus erythematosus Arthritis Res Ther 14 2012 R155 22734582
104 Namiuchi S. Kumagai S. Imura H. Suginoshita T. Hattori T. Hirata F. Quinacrine inhibits the primary but not secondary proliferative response of human cytotoxic T cells to allogeneic non-T cell antigens J Immunol 132 3 1984 1456 1461 6607286
105 Goldman F.D. Gilman A.L. Hollenback C. Kato R.M. Premack B.A. Rawlings D.J. Hydroxychloroquine inhibits calcium signals in T cells: a new mechanism to explain its immunomodulatory properties Blood 95 2000 3460 3466 10828029
106 Picot S. Peyron F. Vuillez J.P. Polack B. Ambroise-Thomas P. Chloroquine inhibits tumor necrosis factor production by human macrophages in vitro J Infect Dis 164 1991 830
107 Fordham J.N. Kirwan J. Cason J. Currey H.L. Prolonged reduction in Polymorphonuclear adhesion following oral colchicine Ann Rheum Dis 40 1981 605 608 7332382
108 Chae J.J. Wood G. Richard K. Jaffe H. Colburn N.T. Masters S.L. The familial Mediterranean fever protein, pyrin, is cleaved by caspase-1 and activates NF-kappaB through its N-terminal fragment Blood 112 2008 1794 1803 18577712
109 Ni Y.-N. Chen G. Sun J. Liang B.-M Liang Z.-A. The effect of corticosteroids on mortality of patients with influenza pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis Crit Care 23 1 2019 99 30917856
110 Guilpain P. Chanseaud Y. Tamby M.C. Larroche C. Guillevin L. Kaveri S.V. Effets immunomodulateurs des immunoglobulines intraveineuses Presse Med 33 17 2004 1183 1194 15523290
111 Richardson P. Griffin I. Tucker C. Smith D. Oechsle O. Phelan A. Baricitinib as potential treatment for 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease Lancet 395 2020 e30 e31 32032529
112 Kuzmich N.N. Sivak K.V. Chubarev V.N. Porozov Y.B. Savateeva-Lyubimova T.N. Peri F. TLR4 signaling pathway modulators as potential therapeutics in inflammation and sepsis Vaccines. 5 4 2017 34 28976923
113 Du L. He Y. Zhou Y. Liu S. Zheng B.-J. Jiang S. The spike protein of SARS-CoV–a target for vaccine and therapeutic development Nat Rev Microbiol 7 2009 226 236 19198616
114 Wang Q. Wong G. Lu G. Yan J. Gao G.F. MERS-CoV spike protein: targets for vaccines and therapeutics Antiviral Res 133 2016 165 177 27468951
115 Wang N. Shang J. Jiang S. Du L. Subunit vaccines against emerging pathogenic human coronaviruses Front Microbiol 11 2020 298 32265848
116 Wu L.-P. Wang N.-C. Chang Y.-H. Tian X.-Y. Na D.-Y. Zhang L.-Y. Duration of antibody responses after severe acute respiratory syndrome Emerg Infect Dis 13 2007 1562 18258008
117 Channappanavar R. Fett C. Zhao J. Meyerholz D.K. Perlman S. Virus-specific memory CD8 T cells provide substantial protection from lethal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection J Virol 88 2014 11034 11044 25056892
118 Tian X. Li C. Huang A. Xia S. Lu S. Shi Z. Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody Emerg Microbes Infect 9 2020 382 385 32065055
119 Chen N. Zhou M. Dong X. Qu J. Gong F. Han Y. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Lancet 395 2020 507 513 32007143
120 Yin S. Huang M. Li D. Tang N. Difference of coagulation features between severe pneumonia induced by SARS-CoV2 and non-SARS-CoV2 J Thromb Thrombolysis 2020 1 4 10.1007/s11239-020-02105-8
121 Tang N. Li D. Wang X. Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia J Thromb Haemost 18 4 2020 844 847 32073213
122 Helms J. Tacquard C. Severac F. Leonard-Lorant I. Ohana M. Merdji H. High risk of thrombosis in patients in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter prospective cohort study Intensive Care Med 2020 21
123 Taylor F.B. Toh C.H. Hoots W.K. Wada H. Levi M. Scientific subcommittee on Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) of the International Society on Thrombosis And Haemostasis (ISTH). Towards definition, clinical and laboratory criteria, and a scoring system for disseminated intravascular coagulation Thromb Haemost 86 2001 1327 1330 11816725
124 Cui S. Chen S. Li X. Liu S. Wang F. Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in Patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia J Thromb Haemost 2020 10.1111/jth.14830
125 Middeldorp S. Coppens M. van Haaps T.F. Foppen M. Vlaar A.P. Müller M.C.A. Incidence of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 J Thromb Haemost 2020 10.1111/jth.14888
126 Lodigiani C. Iapichino G. Carenzo L. Cecconi M. Ferrazzi P. Sebastian T. Venous and arterial thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 patients admitted to an academic hospital in Milan, Italy Thromb Res 191 2020 9 14 32353746
127 Klok F.A. Kruip M.J.H.A. van der Meer N.J.M. Arbous M.S. Gommers DAMPJ Kant K.M. Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19 Thromb Res 2020 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.013
128 Poissy J. Goutay J. Caplan M. Parmentier E. Duburcq T. Lassalle F. Pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients: awareness of an increased prevalence Circulation 2020 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047430
129 Gando S. Levi M. Toh C.-H. Disseminated intravascular coagulation Nat Rev Dis Primer 2 2016 16037
130 Ranucci M. Ballotta A. Di Dedda U. Bayshnikova E. Dei Poli M. Resta M. The procoagulant pattern of patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome J Thromb Haemost 2020 10.1111/jth.14854
131 Mussbacher M. Salzmann M. Brostjan C. Hoesel B. Schoergenhofer C. Datler H. Cell type-specific roles of NF-κB linking inflammation and thrombosis Front Immunol 10 2019 85 30778349
132 Biemond B.J. Levi M. Ten Cate H. Van der Poll T. Büller H.R. Hack C.E. Plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor I release during experimental endotoxaemia in chimpanzees: effect of interventions in the cytokine and coagulation cascades Clin Sci1979 88 1995 587 594
133 Wu Y.P. Wei R. Liu Z.H. Chen B. Lisman T. Ren D.L. Analysis of thrombotic Factors in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients Thromb Haemost 96 2006 100 101 16807662
134 Gralinski L.E. Bankhead A. Jeng S. Menachery V.D. Proll S. Belisle S.E. Mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-induced acute lung injury mBio 4 4 2013 e00271 e00273 23919993
135 He L. Ding Y. Zhang Q. Che X. He Y. Shen H. Expression of elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in SARS-CoV-infected ACE2+ cells in SARS patients: relation to the acute lung injury and pathogenesis of SARS J Pathol 210 2006 288 297 17031779
136 Idell S. Coagulation fibrinolysis, and fibrin deposition in acute lung injury Crit Care Med 31 2003 S213 S220 12682443
137 Gupta N. Zhao Y.-Y. Evans C.E. The stimulation of thrombosis by hypoxia Thromb Res 181 2019 77 83 31376606
138 Varga Z. Flammer A.J. Steiger P. Haberecker M. Andermatt R. Zinkernagel A.S. Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19 Lancet 395 2020 1417 1478 32325026
139 Hamming I. Timens W. Bulthuis M.L.C. Lely A.T. Navis G.J. van Goor H. Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis J Pathol 203 2004 631 637 15141377
140 Monteil V. Kwon H. Prado P. Hagelkrüys A. Wimmer R.A. Stahl M. Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infections in engineered human tissues using clinical-grade soluble human ACE2 Cell 2020 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.004 S0092-8674
141 Magro C. Mulvey J.J. Berlin D. Nuovo G. Salvatore S. Harp J. Complement associated microvascular injury and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 infection: a report of five cases Transl Res 2020 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.04.007 S1931-5244
142 Luecke T. Pelosi P. Clinical review: positive end-expiratory pressure and cardiac output Crit Care 9 6 2005 607 621 16356246
143 Bikdeli B. Madhavan M.V. Jimenez D. Chuich T. Dreyfus I. Driggin E. COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up J Am Coll Cardiol 2020 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.031 S0735-1097
144 Vicenzi E. Canducci F. Pinna D. Mancini N. Carletti S. Lazzarin A. Coronaviridae and SARS-associated coronavirus strain HSR1 Emerg Infect Dis 10 2004 413 418 15109406
145 Tang N. Bai H. Chen X. Gong J. Li D. Sun Z. Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy J Thromb Haemost 18 5 2020 1094 1099 32220112
146 Iba T. Levy J.H. Warkentin T.E. Thachil J. van der Poll T. Levi M. Diagnosis and management of sepsis-induced coagulopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation J Thromb Haemost 17 2019 1989 1994 31410983
147 Wang J. Hajizadeh N. Moore E.E. McIntyre R.C. Moore P.K. Veress L.A. Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) treatment for COVID-19 associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): a case series J Thromb Haemost 2020 10.1111/jth.14828
148 Rao S. Lau A. So H.-C. Exploring diseases/traits and blood proteins causally related to expression of ACE2, the putative receptor of 2019-nCov: a Mendelian randomization analysis medRxiv 2020 10.1101/2020.03.04.20031237
149 SARS-CoV-2 related proteins - The Human Protein Atlas. https://www.proteinatlas.org/humanproteome/sars-cov-2 (Accessed April 25, 2020).
150 Hikmet F. Méar L. Uhlén M. Lindskog C. The protein expression profile of ACE2 in human tissues bioRwiv 2020 10.1101/2020.03.31
151 Plaçais L. Richier Q. COVID-19: caractéristiques cliniques, biologiques et radiologiques chez l’adulte, la femme enceinte et l’enfant. Une mise au point au cœur de la pandémie Rev Med Interne 41 5 2020 308 318 32334862
152 Wichmann D. Sperhake J.P. Lütgehetmann M. Steurer S. Edler C. Heinemann A. Autopsy findings and venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19: a prospective Cohort Study Ann Intern Med 2020 10.7326/M20-2003
153 Zhang Q. Cong M. Wang N. Li X. Zhang H. Zhang K. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene polymorphism and enzymatic activity with essential hypertension in different gender Medicine (Baltimore) 97 42 2018 e1291
154 Ciaglia E. Vecchione C. Puca A.A. COVID-19 infection and circulating ACE2 levels: protective role in women and children Front Pediatr 2020 8 32083038
155 Jin Y. Yang H. Ji W. Wu W. Chen S. Zhang W. Virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and control of COVID-19 Viruses 12 2020 372 32230900
156 Yang X. Yu Y. Xu J. Shu H. Xia J. Liu H. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Lancet Respir Med 2020 [S2213260020300795]
157 Xu Z. Shi L. Wang Y. Zhang J. Huang L. Zhang C. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome Lancet Respir Med 8 2020 420 422 32085846
158 Fox S.E. Akmatbekov A. Harbert J.L. Li G. Brown J.Q. Vander Heide R.S. Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in Covid-19: the first autopsy series from New Orleans medRxiv 2020 10.1101/2020.04.06.20050575
159 Ling Y. Xu S.-B. Lin Y.-X. Tian D. Zhu Z.-Q. Dai F.-H. Persistence and clearance of viral RNA in 2019 novel coronavirus disease rehabilitation patients Chin Med J 133 9 2020 1039 1043 32118639
160 Guo Y. Korteweg C. McNutt M.A. Gu J. Pathogenetic mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome Virus Res 133 2008 4 12 17825937
161 Wu C. Chen X. Cai Y. Xia J. Zhou X. Xu S. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China JAMA Intern Med 2020 e200994 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994
162 Richardson S. Hirsch J.S. Narasimhan M. Crawford J.M. McGinn T. Davidson K.W. Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area JAMA 2020 e206775 10.1001/jama.2020.6775
163 Feng G. Zheng K.I. Yan Q.-Q. Rios R.S. Targher G. Byrne C.D. COVID-19 and liver dysfunction: current insights and emergent therapeutic strategies J Clin Transl Hepatol 8 2020 18 24 32274342
164 Li Y.-C. Bai W.-Z. Hashikawa T. The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients J Med Virol 2020 10 10.1002/jmv.25728
165 Li Y.-C. Bai W.-Z. Hashikawa T. Response to Commentary on “The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients” J Med Virol 2020 10.1002/jmv.25960
166 Mizuiri S. Ohashi Y. ACE and ACE2 in kidney disease World J Nephrol 4 2015 74 82 25664248
167 Arentz M. Yim E. Klaff L. Lokhandwala S. Riedo F.X. Chong M. Characteristics and outcomes of 21 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Washington State JAMA 323 16 2020 1612 1614 10.1001/jama.2020.4326 32191259
168 Cheng Y. Luo R. Wang K. Zhang M. Wang Z. Dong L. Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19 Kidney Int 97 2020 829 838 32247631
169 Cao M. Zhang D. Wang Y. Lu Y. Zhu X. Li Y. Clinical features of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in Shanghai, China medRxiv 2020 10.1101/2020.03.04.20030395
170 Ransick A. Lindström N.O. Liu J. Zhu Q. Guo J.-J. Alvarado G.F. Single-cell profiling reveals sex, lineage, and regional diversity in the mouse kidney Dev Cell 51 2019 399 413 31689386
171 Su H. Yang M. Wan C. Yi L.-X. Tang F. Zhu H.-Y. Renal histopathological analysis of 26 postmortem findings of patients with COVID-19 in China Kidney Int 2020 10.1016/j.kint.2020.04.003 [S0085-2538(20)30369-0]
172 Aghagoli G. Gallo Marin B. Soliman L.B. Sellke F.W. Cardiac involvement in COVID-19 patients: risk factors, predictors, and complications: A review J Card Surg 2020 [jocs.14538]
173 Inciardi R.M. Lupi L. Zaccone G. Italia L. Raffo M. Tomasoni D. Cardiac involvement in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) JAMA Cardiol 2020 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1096
174 Hua A. O’Gallagher K. Sado D. Byrne J. Life-threatening cardiac tamponade complicating myo-pericarditis in COVID-19 Eur Heart J 2020 ehaa253 32227076
175 Shi S. Qin M. Shen B. Cai Y. Liu T. Yang F. Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China JAMA Cardiol 2020 e200950 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0950
176 Yang J.K. Feng Y. Yuan M.Y. Yuan S.Y. Fu H.J. Wu B.Y. Plasma glucose levels and diabetes are independent predictors for mortality and morbidity in patients with SARS Diabet Med 23 2006 623 628 16759303
177 Yang J.-K. Lin S.-S. Ji X.-J. Guo L.-M. Binding of SARS coronavirus to its receptor damages islets and causes acute diabetes Acta Diabetol 47 2010 193 199 19333547
178 Chhabra K.H. Chodavarapu H. Lazartigues E. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2: a new important player in the regulation of glycemia IUBMB Life 65 2013 731 738 23893738
179 Li Z. Liu G. Wang L. Liang Y. Zhou Q. Wu F. From the insight of glucose metabolism disorder: oxygen therapy and blood glucose monitoring are crucial for quarantined COVID-19 patients. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 197 2020 110614
180 Butler S.O. Btaiche I.F. Alaniz C. Relationship between hyperglycemia and infection in critically ill patients Pharmacotherapy 25 7 2005 963 976 16006275
181 Barton L.M. Duval E.J. Stroberg E. Ghosh S. Mukhopadhyay S. COVID-19 Autopsies, Oklahoma, USA Am J Clin Pathol 153 6 2020 725 733 32275742
182 Bouaziz J.D. Duong T. Jachiet M. Velter C. Lestang P. Cassius C. Vascular skin symptoms in COVID-19: a French observational study J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020 10.1111/jdv.16544
183 Navel V. Chiambaretta F. Dutheil F. Haemorrhagic conjunctivitis with pseudomembranous related to SARS-CoV-2 Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2020 10.1016/j.ajoc.2020.100735
184 Siedlecki J. Brantl V. Schworm B. Mayer W.J. Gerhardt M. Michalakis S. COVID-19: ophthalmological Aspects of the SARS-CoV 2 Global Pandemic Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2020 1164 9381 10.1055/a-1164-9381
185 Wu P. Duan F. Luo C. Liu Q. Qu X. Liang L. Characteristics of ocular findings of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei Province, China JAMA Ophthalmol 2020 e201291 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.1291
*원문 PDF 파일 및 링크정보가 존재하지 않을 경우 KISTI DDS 시스템에서 제공하는 원문복사서비스를 사용할 수 있습니다.
출판사/학술단체 등이 한시적으로 특별한 프로모션 또는 일정기간 경과 후 접근을 허용하여, 출판사/학술단체 등의 사이트에서 이용 가능한 논문
Copyright KISTI. All Rights Reserved.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.