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제안 방법
- Since these tracer materials are environmentally friendly, they are very useful in groundwater flow and contaminant studies. The aims of these applied experiments can be explained to estimate a velocity of groundwater, coefficient of advection or dispersion, porosity or effective porosity of porous media due to movement velocity of tracer materials in the field or labora tory. However, previous researches are required a lot of experimental periods and costs for estimating these pa rameters through an applied tracer experiment.
- In this work, we proposed a measuring method using the permittivity systems such as Frequency domain reflec tometry (FDR) and Frequency domain reflectometry with vector network analyzer (FDR-V) systems to estimate porosity and effective porosity of porous medi뎌 In order to discuss with an in-situ experiment using permittivity systems, we estimate a soil column injection experiment using the fully saturated Toyoura and River sands by FDR and FDR-V systems in the laboratory. It is mainly consisted of two kinds of column experiments: the former is an injection test, and the latter is a replacement test by using two systems.
- It is mainly consisted of two kinds of column experiments: the former is an injection test, and the latter is a replacement test by using two systems. From the all experimental results, we are carried out a comparison of the calculated effective porosity from both the permittivity methods and the soil col umn replacement test, and an examination of an applicable possibility to the permittivity method using the FDR and FDR-V systems. Furthermore, we are tried to compare with the relationship between porosity and effective porosity through the whole experiments.
- In this study to estimate porosity and effective porosity, we used two kinds of permittivity systems: one is a Fre quency Domain Reflectometry (FDR) system and the other is a Frequency Domain Reflectometry with Vector Network Analyzer (FDR-V) system. These systems were used to measure the relative dielectric constant for the fully saturated sands in a variety of experimental situations.
- data logger. A vector network analyzer operated to control all system functions, a switch unit was connected a 50-ohm coaxial transmit cable with connect a measuring coaxial probe on its tip, and a data logger was able to con trol the FDR-V system and collected experimental data with consistent travel time in whole experiment. FDR-V system utilized microwave frequency range from 100 MHz to 3 GHz.
- River sands. All sands were carried out of the sieve test to analyze of soil particle distributions. Table 1 shows the results of grain size distribution for each of the sands from the sieve test.
- In this study, we were prepared to three kinds of soil column experiments - soil column injection test and soil column replacement test. Here, we used ethanol 95 % liquid for injection test and replacement test, individually.
- DDMs were used from the relation of relative dielectric constant of soil, water and measured initial value to establish porosity of saturated soils. Therefore, we tried to compare with estimated poros ities -0.35, 0.40 and 0.45 - and measured porosity by using the DDMs for two systems.
- In this study we were carried out to estimate porosity and effective porosity of the fully saturated Toyoura and River sands under two kinds of soil column tests such as injection and replacement tests, in the laboratory, using the frequency domain reflectometry with vector network analyzer (FDR-V) and frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) systems. Two different fully saturated sands of Toyoura and River were used and the all experiments were carried out under constant temperahire in the laboratory.
- Several conditions were established in order to measure the porosity and effective porosity using the DDMs (dielectric mixing models). This study also included estimating fully satu rated conditions using the back pressure method, determining the physical porosity by oven dry test, keeping con stant in-door temperature at 20 ℃, and confining the degree of corrective relative dielectric constant of pure mate rials such as water, sand, ethanol 95 %. These were carried out to arrive at accurate the effective porosities of the fully saturated sands.
- other soils and with other tracers, especially in in-situ determinations. As base on these results and measuring methods, it is necessary to new measxiring experimental methods, and an improvement of measuring probe and sys tem as well as development of tracer material for application of in-situ site.
대상 데이터
- The FDR system using a response of impedance of the frequency range was one of the permittivity methods to measure soil physical parameters in the special depths for sub-surface. It was consisted to five apparatuses, that is, tracking generator, CM directive coupler, spectrum analyzer and data logger. A FDR rod probe was installed for a measuring point location, and it was then measured a relative dielectric constant of the soil material, instantaneously.
- systems. Two different fully saturated sands of Toyoura and River were used and the all experiments were carried out under constant temperahire in the laboratory. The measuring probes that were used of fixed size lengths 5 cm for FDR-V and 15 cm for FDR systems.
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