[논문]How to Reduce Fire Fatalities in Residential Occupancies on the Way to a Rapidly Aging Society?

Sekizawa, Ai

How to Reduce Fire Fatalities in Residential Occupancies on the Way to a Rapidly Aging Society? 원문보기

Sekizawa, Ai (The University of Tokyo)

Everybody may be vulnerable to fires depending on the time, place, and circumstances. Fire statistics show that the occurrence of fire death depends not only on the severity of a fire itself, but also largely on the conditions of occupants such as physical functions, the environment around occupants, and the type of facility where are fire occurs. The review of fire safety from the viewpoint of vulnerable populations does not simply mean additional special attention and care only to high risk groups, but instead it means significant review of fire safety design and systems for all people from a more universal standpoint. Therefore, in order to examine the strategies of a fire death-reduction program, safety measures suitable for the relevant high-risk groups considering the type of vulnerable person, the type of fire, and the type of building in residential occupancies. Solutions will require strenuous multilateral effort and flexibility.

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in Figure 3. The author believes that mitigating the incidence of fire ignitions is an effective and fundamental approach to reduce future fire deaths besides fire protection equipment such as residential smoke detectors. Therefore, when considering appropriate measures to reduce potential fire fatalities in the future, the integrated efforts are inevitably necessary not o_미y to improve direct fire safety measures like fire protection equipment, but also to upgrade other overall safety matters such as creating the proper housing environment in terms of fire-resistant homes, safer fire appliances and living conditions, and the establishment of cooperative systems involving neighbours and other people living nearby the elderly.
In Japan, although there has not been the diffusion of residential detectors in homes so far, there are sizable numbers of homes installed with ordinary fire alarm systems by fire regulation especially among apartment houses. Therefore, the authors tried to validate the evidence of the effect of existing fire alarm systems in Japanese homes on mitigating fire deaths based on the statistical analysis of the fire data of the Fire and Disaster Management Agency. As a result, the reduction ratio by the presence and activation of the fire alarm systems is ranging from _시%for fire-resistant apartment houses to 56% for wooden apartment houses191, which is also very close to the estimates in the U.
Fire safety for vulnerable people does not mean only caring for the high-risk groups. This paper reviews fire safety measures for vulnerable people from a more universal standpoint. In order to examine the strategies to reduce fire deaths of vulnerable people, which account for a major portion of fire fatalities, it is very important to set appropriate targets of research and development as well as policies of fire safety measures according to corresponding high risk groups in consideration of the type of vulnerable people, type of fire, and type of building or facility.

가설 설정

In addition, the impact of diminished abilities associated with aging, s_나ch as decreased walking ability, sense of vision and hearing ability after people move into these grey-type facilities can necessitate changing how these buildings are regulated. The question is how this kind of change can and sho_나Id be observed and by whom. These future issues impact not only fire safety, but also other associated areas such as barrier free design, social welfare, and housing environment, fire protection engineers should cope with these problems in collaboration with policy makers, researchers, and engineers in these other fields.

제안 방법

And, one revolutionary idea alone is not able to solve these diverse problems all at once, but instead strenuous efforts are to be required multilaterally for solving the problems. In order to reduce fire fatalities substantially, we need a comprehensive approach by the efforts linked with not only "hard science" such as fire safety engineering but also other various branch of knowledge like ergonomics, psychology, and sociology as pointed by Shileds and Prolux2\ In this frame of reference, the author would like to attempt to describe a perspective over the issues in reducing fire fatalities of vulnerable populations especially in residential occupancies on the way to a rapidly aging society in this paper.
As key factors to enhance the momentum for improving the care of vulnerable populations to fire, the author can point up the following social impacts such as a highly aging society, growing demand of barrier-free design or universal design, the WTC events of September 11th in 2001, and the diffusion of innovation to fire safety measures.
The authors analysed of the trends and features of the incidence of fires and fatal firesl6), using the database of “Fire Fatality Reports, , collected by the Fire and Disaster Management, which give details of many items of a fire itself and also physical conditions and situations of victims at a fire in order to clarify the risk of fatal fires in relation to various factors. The conditions of victims at a fire recorded in a fire fatality report include such items as "age", “sick or not", "bedridden or nof\ "disabled or not", referring to physical ability, “awake or asleep”, “drunk or sober" referring to ability making decisions, "alone or not at the breakout of fire_가,^living alone or not" referring to the care condition of victims.
The significant feature of this workshop was its format that consists of the plenary presentations^ example 22)-25)0£ sjx or seven papers on each topic and afterwards the intensive discussions by eleven groups, which delegates were divided into. Discussions centred on the technical conditions and the policy issues needed to enable the safe and efficient use of elevators in fire emergency for the two purposes described above.
Due in part to the impact of the collapse of the World Trade Centre, the debate at the workshop was even more constructive and purposeful than on previous occasions. The two principal topics of the workshop were the use of elevators by fire-fighters as a means of access and the use of elevators by occupants as a means of escape during emergencies. It appeared that permitting the use of elevators for fire-fighter access in emergency situations had the support of the majority of delegates.

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How to Reduce Fire Fatalities in Residential Occupancies on the Way to a Rapidly Aging Society? 원문보기

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