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[해외논문] Genotyping Rickettsia prowazekii Isolates

Zhu, Yong (University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA) , Medina-Sanchez, Aaron (University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA) , Bouyer, Donald (University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA) , Walker, David H. (University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA) , Yu, Xue-jie (University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA)
Emerging infectious diseases v.14 no.8 ,pp. 1300 - 1302 , 2008 , 1080-6040 , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

We developed a typing method that can differentiate 8 strains of Rickettsia prowazekii into 7 genotypes. This method can be used to type and trace the origin of R. prowazekii isolated from samples collected during epidemics after a bioterrorism attack.

[해외논문] Veroiatnaia priroda virulentnosti Rickettsia prowazekii. ([Probable nature of Rickettsia prowazekii virulence])

Emel'ianov, V V , Dem'ianova, N G , Kalmyrzaev, B B , Krasnova, M A
Molekuliarnaia genetika, mikrobiologiia i virusologiia 1996 no.2 ,pp. 39 - 40 , 1996 , 0208-0613 , Meditsina

A 29.5 kda outer membrane protein (OmpB) of R. prowazekii virulent Breinl strain is known to differ from its counterpart in attenuated Madrid E strain, while OmpB of this latter one and of its virulent variant EVir coincide in mobility. The infectivity of these strains for macrophages was previously shown to be different as well, and to correlate with their virulence. Previously cloned R. prowazekii Breinl strain, 1.644-bp insert from lambda gtll recombinant expressing as OmpB in inducer-independent fashion was sequenced and used as a query to search for similarity in non-redundant GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Data Base aided by BLASTX mail server. Extensive homology of inferred 282-aa sequence to peptidyl-propyl cis/trans isomerase C (PPIase C) of E. coli belonging to parvulin family of rotamases (foldases), and related proteins such as Campylobacter jejuni cell binding factor 2 (Cbf2), B. subtilis PrsA, and Lactococcus lactis PrtM has been revealed.

[해외논문] Inaktivatsiia kontsentrirovannykh biomass Rickettsia prowazekii. ([Inactivation of concentrated biomasses of Rickettsia prowazekii])

Eremeeva, M E , Ignatovich, V F , Popov, V L , Balaeva, N M
Zhurnal mikrobiologii, ėpidemiologii i immunobiologii 1989 no.7 ,pp. 12 - 17 , 1989 , 0372-9311 , Izd-vo "Medin.tlligat;n.srligat;ina"

The methods used for the sparing inactivation of highly concentrated R. prowazekii biomass and for the decrease of its infectious activity are described. These methods are recommended for use in experiments in the field of molecular biology, as well as for disinfection of different materials contaminated with rickettsiae. As conditions for complete inactivation, incubation at 50 degrees C for 1 hour without chemical disinfectants, treatment with 0.5% phenol solution at 30 degrees C for 12 hours and with 0.1% formaldehyde solution at 4 degrees C for 24 hours have been selected. Treatment with 0.5% phenol solution at 36 degrees C for 1 hour or incubation at 45 degrees C without the use of disinfectants ensures an essential decrease in the infectivity of the material if the work with viable infective agents is necessary. Ultraviolet irradiation for 1.5 hours and exposure to the action of 0.1-0.5% sodium azide are less effective.

[해외논문] Izuchenie poverkhnostnykh antigenov Rickettsia prowazekii pri pomoshchi monoklonal'nykh antitel. ([The surface antigens of Rickettsia prowazekii studied with monoclonal antibodies])

Nedialkov, Iu A , Spitsyn, S V , Drobyshevskaia, E I , Gosteva, V V , Klitsunova, N V , Smirnova, N S , Tarasevich, I V , Nesterenko, V G
Zhurnal mikrobiologii, ėpidemiologii i immunobiologii 1990 no.5 ,pp. 94 - 97 , 1990 , 0372-9311 , Izd-vo "Medin.tlligat;n.srligat;ina"

R. prowazekii antigens have been tested with the use of monoclonal antibodies (McAb) to different epitopes of the microorganism. As revealed in these tests, McAb B4/4 and A-3/D, active against species-specific thermolabile antigen, interact with protein having a molecular weight of 90-120 KD. McAb C5/2, active against thermostable group antigen common with that of Rickettsia typhi, interact with LPS-like antigen having a molecular weight of 30 KD. Ultrastructural immunochemical studies have revealed that both R. prowazekii antigens are located on surface structures of rickettsiae, such as the microcapsule and cell wall.

[해외논문] Rickettsia prowazekii and Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Svraka, Sanela (Université) , Rolain, Jean-Marc (de la Mé) , Bechah, Yassina (diterrané) , Gatabazi, John (e, Marseilles, France) , Raoult, Didier
Emerging infectious diseases v.12 no.3 ,pp. 428 - 432 , 2006 , 1080-6040 , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

This highly standardized and adaptable assay could improve epidemic typhus surveillance.Rickettsia prowazekii is the causative agent of epidemic typhus and a potential bioterrorism agent. Sensitive and specific rapid assays are needed to complement existing methods of detecting this organism. We developed a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay by using a species-specific probe targeting the gltA gene. This assay, which was rapid, specific for R. prowazekii only, and sensitive (cutoff detection of 1 to 5 copies per sample), detected and directly identified R. prowazekii in blood of 12 experimentally infected mice sampled at day 3 and 6 postinfection or in naturally or experimentally infected lice. Because our assay is highly standardized and easily adaptable, it could improve epidemic typhus surveillance in public health programs, especially for countries with underdiagnosed or unrecognized human cases.

[해외논문] Das Fleckfieber : Die humane Infektion mit Rickettsia prowazekii (Epidemic typhus : The human infection with Rickettsia prowazekii)

Schöffel, N. , Volante, G. , Klingelhöfer, D. , Braun, M. , Groneberg, D. A.
Zentralblatt für arbeitsmedizin, arbeitsschutz und ergonomie v.69 no.1 ,pp. 24 - 26 , 2019 , 0944-2502 , Springer-Verlag

[해외논문] Potassium permeability of Rickettsia prowazekii

Winkler, H H
Journal of bacteriology v.157 no.1 ,pp. 197 - 201 , 1984 , 0021-9193 , American Society for Microbiology

The potassium permeability of Rickettsia prowazekii was characterized by chemical measurement of the intracellular sodium and potassium pools and isotopic flux measurements with 86Rb+ as a tracer. R. prowazekii, in contrast to Escherichia coli, did not maintain a high potassium-to-sodium ratio in their cytoplasm except when the potassium-to-sodium ratio in the extracellular medium was high or when the extracellular concentrations of both cations were low (ca. 1 mM). Both influx and efflux assays with 86Rb+ demonstrated that the rickettsial membrane had limited permeability to potassium and that incorporation of valinomycin into these cells increased these fluxes at least 10-fold. The transport of potassium showed specificity and dependence on rickettsial metabolism. The increased flux of potassium which results from the incorporation of valinomycin into the rickettsial membrane was detrimental to both lysine transport and lysis of erythrocytes by the rickettsiae.

[해외논문] [Action of tetracycline and rifampicin on Rickettsia prowazekii and Rickettsia sibirica] (Izuchenie deistviia tetratsiklina i rifampitsina na Ricketssia prowazekii i Rickettsia sibirica.)

Kashliaev, T K , Kekcheeva, N G
Antibiotiki v.27 no.9 ,pp. 678 - 681 , 1982 , 0003-5637 ,

The effect of tetracycline and rifampicin on R. prowazekii, strain Breinl and R. sibirica, strain X1 was studied in the experiments with chick embryos exposed to the antibiotic mixture with the infection material. It was shown that tetracycline in doses of 0.1 and 1 mg/embryo had the rickettsiostatic and rickettsiocidic effects respectively on R. sibirica. Rifampicin had only the rickettsiostatic effect in a dose of 0.1 mg/embryo and no rickettsiocidic effect even in a dose of 2 mg/embryo. Higher doses were toxic for 100 per cent of the embryos. The rickettsiostatic and rickettsiocidic effects of tetracycline on R. prowazekii were evident in doses of 0.05 and 0.1 mg/embryo, respectively. Rifampicin in a dose of 0.05 mg/embryo had both the rickettsiostatic and the rickettsiocidic effects on R. prowazekii. Therefore, rifampicin was more active with respect to R. prowazekii and tetracycline was more active with respect to R. sibirica. In addition, R. sibirica was more resistant to both tetracycline and rifampicin as compared to R. prowazekii.

[해외논문] Detection of Rickettsia prowazekii by quantitative real-time PCR

YANG, Xiao (Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences) , CHEN, Meiling (Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences) , WEN, Bohai (Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences) , NIU, Dongsheng (Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences) , ZHU, Lina (Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences) , LI, Qingfeng (Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences) , SUN, Changjian (Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences)
中華流行病學雜志 = Chinese journal of epidemiology v.27 no.11 ,pp. 963 - 967 , 2006 , 0254-6450 , 中國疾病豫防控制中心傳染病豫防控制所

Objective To develop a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting Rickettsia prowazekii, Methods Primers and TaqMan-MGB probes designed based on ompB gene of R . prowazekii, were used to develop this method. Results For the quantitative real-time PCR, the relationship between the values of threshold cycle ( Ct) and the DNA copy number was linear (r = 0.999) and the sensitivity was about 100 times higher than that of the nested PCR for detecting the same DNA sample. The results of the genomic DNA samples of other rickettsial and bacterial agents detected by real-time PCR were all negative. DNAs extracted from blood samples of guinea pig infected with R. prowazekii were examined by real-time PCR and the positive results were obtained from some of these samples. However, the results of some samples in nested PCR assay were all negative. Conclusion These results suggested that the real-time PCR was highly specific and sensitive for detection of -R. prowazekii that was useful for the detection of tiny DNA of R. prowazekii in blood samples from patients suspected of having epidemic typhus.

[해외논문] Proteome analysis of Madrid E strain of Rickettsia prowazekii

Chao, Chien-Chung (Rickettsial Diseases Department, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA) , Chelius, Dirk (Thermo Finnigan, San Jose, CA, USA) , Zhang, Terry (Thermo Finnigan, San Jose, CA, USA) , Daggle, Lindsey (Rickettsial Diseases Department, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA) , Ching, Wei-Mei (Rickettsial Diseases Department, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA)
Proteomics v.4 no.5 ,pp. 1280 - 1292 , 2004 , 1615-9853 , WILEY-VCH Verlag

Rickettsia prowazekii, an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium, is the etiologic agent of epidemic typhus. The threat of typhus as a biological weapon lies in its stability in the dried louse feces and in its infection by inhalation of an aerosol. Consequently, it is listed as a select agent and warrants more research to understand its pathogenesis. Although the genomic DNA sequence of strain Madrid E has been completed, the actual expression of the individual protein has not been investigated. In order to provide a global view of the expressed protein profile, the whole cell lysate of purified rickettsia (Madrid E strain) was reduced, alkylated, and digested with trypsin. The total digest was characterized by a two-dimensional liquid chromatography mass spectrometry system and analyzed with a modified version of the ProteomeX workstation. A total of 252 proteins out of 834 predicted protein-coding genes were identified, 238 proteins were identified by the detection of at least two unique peptides. Only 14 proteins were identified by the detection of one unique peptide in all three separate analyses. Among the 238 proteins identified by multiple unique peptides, 230 proteins were found in at least two of three separate analyses. The reproducible and convenient methodology and the information described here have provided a foundation for future proteome study of various R. prowazekii strains with different virulence.

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