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[국내논문] Rickettsia typhi 종특이항원의 특성 (Characterization of a Species-specific Antigen in Rickettsia typhi)

우수동 (한림대학교 의과학연구소) , 윤창순 (한림대학교 의과대학 미생물학교실) , 이진상 (한림대학교 의과대학 미생물학교실) , 장인애 (한림대학교 의과대학 미생물학교실) , 김영진 (한림대학교 의과대학 미생물학교실) , 신송우 (한림대학교 의과학연구소) , 전현진 (㈜ 이뮨메드) , 조민기 (한림대학교 의과학연구소) , 김윤원 (한림대학교 의과학연구소)
Journal of bacteriology and virology : JBV v.32 no.3 ,pp. 247 - 253 , 2002 , 1598-2467 , 대한미생물학회

Murine typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by Rickettsia typhi. It is one of the four major acute febrile illnesses in Korea during autumn To study a species-specific antigen of R. typhi, two clinical isolates (87-91 and 87-100) and two reference strains (VR-144 and VR-738) were analyzed by mouse antisera and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). On SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), R. typhi showed major antigen bands of 135, 80, 75, 64, 47, 22, and 19 kDa and these bands differed with those of other species. On Western blot analysis, the MAbs reacting only with R. typhi could only detect 135 kDa protein. The 135 kDa protein appeared to be the species-specific antigen. Other MAbs showing cross-reactivity with R. prowazekii reacted with 135 kDa protein in fresh culture supernatant of R. typhi infected host cell. However, the cross-reacting antibody did also react with smaller protein bands, most of which seem to be degradation products of the 135 kDa protein since they increase in old protein stocks purified from R. typhi harvested from infected host cell. These suggest that 135 kDa protein is unstable and the R. typhi specific epitopes are located at the regions of 135 kDa protein that are removed when the protein is degraded. The 135 kDa protein or its specific and stable recombinant protein would serve an important target for the development of vaccine and specific diagnostic antigen.

[해외논문] Meningitis revealing Rickettsia typhi infection (Meningite revelant une infection a Rickettsia typhi)

Toumi, A. , Loussaief, C. , Ben Yahia, S. , Ben Romdhane, F. , Khairallah, M. , Chakroun, M. , Bouzouaia, N.
La Revue de médecine interne v.28 no.2 ,pp. 131 - 133 , 2007 , 0248-8663 , Baillière

Introduction: Neurological manifestations are rarely observed in murine typhus. We present a case of meningitis caused by Rickettsia typhi. Exegesis: We report a case of Tunisian 57-year-old woman admitted for suspicion of meningitis. Clinical examination revealed fever at 39,5 oC and nuchal rigidity. There were no focal neurologic signs, cutaneous rash or eschar. Lumbar puncture showed clear cerebrospinal fluid containing normal glucose, 0,48 g/l protein and 30 WBC (78% lymphocyte). Gram-stained smear and culture were negative. Serology confirmed the diagnosis. The patient was initially treated by ampicillin 12 g daily but remained febrile. Retinal lesions were detected on ophtalmic examination, suggesting rickettsial infection. Clinical outcome was good after 7-day treatment with oral ciprofloxacin 1,5 g daily. The mean follow-up was six months. Conclusion: Murine typhus is an endemic zoonosis. Neurological manifestations were uncommon. An ophtalmic examination is recommended if rickettsiosis was suspected.

[해외논문] Severe Rickettsia typhi Infections, Costa Rica

Chinchilla, Diana , Sánchez, Inés , Chung, Ida , Gleaton, Arlyn N. , Kato, Cecilia Y.
Emerging infectious diseases v.29 no.11 ,pp. 2374 - 2376 , 2023 , 1080-6040 , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Murine typhus is a febrile, fleaborne disease caused by infection with Rickettsia typhi bacteria. Cases can range from mild and nonspecific to fatal. We report 2 cases of murine typhus in Costa Rica, confirming the presence and circulation of R. typhi causing severe disease in the country.

[해외논문] Intracellular movements of Rickettsia conorii adn R. typhi based on actin polymerization (Mouvements intracellulaires de Rickettsia conorii et de R. typhi lies a la polymerisation de l'actine)

Teysseire, N. (Unite des Rickettsies, Faculte de Medecine, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13381 Cedex 5, Marseille, France) , Chiche-Portiche, C. , Raoult, D.
Research in microbiology v.143 no.9 ,pp. 821 - 829 , 1992 , 0923-2508 , Elsevier

Human vascular endothelial, Vero and human embryonic lung cells infected with rickettsiae for 24 h or 48 h were labelled for polymerized actin with NBD-phallacidin. Between 20 and 68% of the intracellular Rickettsia conorii had an actin tail of between 0.33 and 15 μm, with the longest tails being observed in Vero cells. In the case of R. typhi less than 1% of the organisms had actin tails and these were considerably shorter than those of R. conorii. These findings provide new information concerning the different cytopathic effects observed with the two rickettsial species.

[해외논문] Rickettsia typhi infection in childhood

Bitsori, M , Galanakis, E , Gikas, A , Scoulica, E , Sbyrakis, S
Acta pædiatrica = Acta Paediatrica v.91 no.1 ,pp. 59 - 61 , 2002 , 0803-5253 , Taylor Francis

Rickettsia typhi infection (murine typhus) is generally underdiagnosed in childhood, as clinical presentations are often non-specific. We present the manifestations in nine children hospitalized in the Department of Paediatrics of the University Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, over a 3-y period from 1998 to 2000. Titres >1:400 for IgM and >1:960 for IgG and/or a fourfold increase in a second sample were considered strongly suggestive of acute infection. Children presented with prolonged fever, hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. Five children presented with a rash. Unusual manifestations included aseptic meningitis and Kawasaki-like presentation. Laboratory findings included anaemia, leucopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Three children were treated with appropriate antibiotic regimens and all nine had a complete recovery. Conclusion: Rickettsia typhi infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children residing in or returning from Southern Europe countries who present with prolonged fever, rash and lymphadenopathy.

[해외논문] Seroprevalence of Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia conorii infections in the Canary Islands (Spain)

Bolanos-Rivero, M. (Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Medicina Tropical, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain) , Santana-Rodriguez, E. , Angel-Moreno, A. , Hernandez-Cabrera, M. , Liminana-Canal, J.M. , Carranza-Rodriguez, C. , Martin-Sanchez, A.M. , Perez-Arellano, J.L.
International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases v.15 no.7 ,pp. e481 - e485 , 2011 , 1201-9712 , Decker

Objective: The aim of this work was to evaluate the prevalence of past infection due to Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia conorii in the Canary Islands (Spain). Methods: A representative sample of the population of the seven islands, formed of 662 people aged between 5 and 75 years (368 females, 294 males), was analyzed. Epidemiological data were obtained by direct survey. The detection of serum IgG antibodies against both microorganisms was based on an indirect immunofluorescence test, considered positive if the titers were >=1/80. Results: Of the analyzed population 3.9% had IgG antibodies against R. typhi and 4.4% against R. conorii. Out of these positive samples, only three were positive for both species. The seroprevalence was similar in both sexes. Positive results were found in all age groups, but a higher rate was noticed in those aged 46 years and older (p<0.05). R. typhi was found to be more prevalent in rural areas of all islands, as well as in farmers. Conclusions: Our results confirm the presence of antibodies against the causative agents of murine typhus and Mediterranean spotted fever in the Canary Islands. Indirect data suggest that the detection of antibodies to R. conorii might be due to a cross-reaction between these species.

[해외논문] Fibrin ring granulomas in Rickettsia typhi infection

Restrepo, M.I. , Vasquez, E.M. , Echeverri, C. , Fiebelkorn, K.R. , Anstead, G.M.
Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease v.66 no.3 ,pp. 322 - 325 , 2010 , 0732-8893 , Elsevier Science Pub. Co

We describe a 71-year-old man hospitalized for fever and productive cough. Laboratory investigation showed anemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated transaminases, hyponatremia, and hypoalbuminemia. Computerized tomography of the abdomen, thorax, and sinuses, echocardiography, and a gallium scan did not reveal the source of the fever. The patient remained febrile despite courses of piperacillin-tazobactam/azithromycin and ceftriaxone/vancomycin. A bone marrow biopsy showed fibrin ring granulomas, and 2 rickettsial serologic panels were positive for Rickettsia typhi infection and negative for Q fever. The patient was given doxycycline, and the fever resolved within 48 h. We propose that fibrin ring granulomas also occur in murine typhus.

[해외논문] Serological evidence of exposure to Rickettsia felis and Rickettsia typhi in Australian veterinarians

Teoh, Yen Thon (Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia) , Hii, Sze Fui (The Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, University Hospital, Geelong, VIC 3220 Australia) , Stevenson, Mark A. (Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia) , Graves, Stephen (The Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, University Hospital, Geelong, VIC 3220 Australia) , Rees, Robert (Bayer Animal Health, Tingalpa, QLD 4173 Australia) , Stenos, John (The Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, University Hospital, Geelong, VIC 3220 Australia) , Traub, Rebecca J. (Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia)
Parasites & vectors v.10 ,pp. 129 2017 , BioMed Central

BackgroundRickettsia felis and Rickettsia typhi are emerging arthropod-borne zoonoses causing fever and flu-like symptoms. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with exposure to these organisms was explored in Australian veterinarians.MethodsOne hundred and thirty-one veterinarians from across Australia were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional survey. Veterinarians provided a single blood sample and answered a questionnaire on potential risk factors influencing their exposure to R. felis and R. typhi. Indirect microimmunofluorescence antibody testing (IFAT) was used to identify evidence of serological exposure of the participants to R. felis and R. typhi. Results were analyzed and a logistical regression model performed to predict risk factors associated with seropositivity.ResultsIn total, 16.0% of participants were seropositive to R. felis, 4.6% to R. typhi and 35.1% seropositive to both, where cross-reactivity of the IFAT between R. felis and R. typhi precluded a definitive diagnosis. Veterinarians residing within the south-eastern states of Victoria and Tasmania were at a higher risk of exposure to R. felis or generalised R. felis or R. typhi exposure. Older veterinarians and those that recommended flea treatment to their clients were found to be significantly protected from exposure.ConclusionsThe high exposure to R. felis amongst veterinary professionals suggests that flea-borne spotted fever is an important cause of undifferentiated fever conditions that may not be adequately recognized in Australia.

[해외논문] Serosurvey of Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis in HIV‐infected patients

Nogueras, María Mercedes (Department of Infectious Diseases, Health and University Corporation “Parc Taulí) , Pons, Immaculada (”—) , Sanfeliu, Isabel (University Institute “Parc Taulí) , Sala, Montserrat (” of the Autonomous University of Barcelona (CSUPT), Sabadell, Spain) , Segura, Ferran (Department of Infectious Diseases, Health and University Corporation “Parc Taulí)
Microbiology and immunology v.58 no.4 ,pp. 257 - 259 , 2014 , 0385-5600 ,

ABSTRACTConsistent with the effects of HIV on cell‐mediated immunity, an increased susceptibility to intracellular microorganisms has been observed. Rickettsiae are obligate intracellular microorganisms. The aim of this study was to examine Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis infections in HIV+ population. Sera of 341 HIV+ patients were evaluated by indirect immunofluorescent assay. Age, sex, residential locality, risk behavior, stage according to criteria of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, CD4+/CD8+ T cells, Hepatitis B antigen, and Hepatitis C serology were surveyed. Seroprevalences of R. typhi and R. felis infection were 7.6% and 4.4%, respectively. No associations were found between seropositivities and the assessed variables. Findings were similar to those obtained in healthy subjects from the same region.

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