METHOD FOR LEAK DETECTION IN HEAT TRANSFER SYSTEMS
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IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
공개
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
F25B-001/00
G01M-003/28
출원번호
US-0143107
(2008-06-20)
공개번호
US-0314073
(2008-12-25)
발명자
/ 주소
Minor,Barbara Haviland
출원인 / 주소
E. l. du Pont de Nemours and Company
대리인 / 주소
E I DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
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초록▼
Disclosed is a method for detecting a leak in a closed loop heat transfer system comprising monitoring the pressure of the heat transfer composition inside said heat transfer system, wherein a drop in pressure indicates a leak. Also disclosed is a heat transfer system comprising an evaporator, a com
Disclosed is a method for detecting a leak in a closed loop heat transfer system comprising monitoring the pressure of the heat transfer composition inside said heat transfer system, wherein a drop in pressure indicates a leak. Also disclosed is a heat transfer system comprising an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, an expander and a device for measuring internal system pressure. The system pressure measuring device is disposed inside the closed loop heat system. The internal system pressure measuring means may be located either between the evaporator and the condenser, between the expander and the evaporator, between the compressor and the condenser, or between the condenser and the expander.
대표청구항▼
What is claimed is: 1. A method for detecting a leak of heat transfer composition in a closed loop heat transfer system, comprising measuring the pressure of the heat transfer composition with a pressure measuring device disposed within said heat transfer system at a first time, and measuring the p
What is claimed is: 1. A method for detecting a leak of heat transfer composition in a closed loop heat transfer system, comprising measuring the pressure of the heat transfer composition with a pressure measuring device disposed within said heat transfer system at a first time, and measuring the pressure of the heat transfer composition at a second time later than the first time, and comparing the pressure measured at the first time with the pressure measured at the second time, wherein a drop in pressure from the first time to the second time indicates a leak. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein said heat transfer composition comprises a non-azeotropic composition. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein said heat transfer composition comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydrofluorocarbons, fluoroethers, fluoroolefins, hydrocarbons, CF3I, NH3, CO2, and mixtures thereof. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said heat transfer composition comprises at least one hydrofluorocarbon and at least one fluoroolefin. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein said hydrofluorocarbon comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of fluoromethane (CH3F, HFC-41), difluoromethane (CH2F2, HFC-32), trifluoromethane (CHF3, HFC-23), pentafluoroethane (CF3CHF2, HFC-125), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (CHF2CHF2, HFC-134), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CF3CH2F, HFC-134a), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (CF3CH3, HFC-143a), 1,1-difluoroethane (CHF2CH3, HFC-152a), fluoroethane (CH3CH2F, HFC-161), 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoropropane (CF3CF2CHF2, HFC-227ca), 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (CF3CHFCF3, HFC-227ea), 1,1,2,2,3,3,-hexafluoropropane (CHF2CF2CHF2, HFC-236ca), 1,1,1,2,2,3-hexafluoropropane (CF3CF3CH2F, HFC-236cb), 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (CF3CHFCHF2, HFC-236ea), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (CF3CH2CF3, HFC-236fa), 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane (CHF2CF2CH2F, HFC-245ca), 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane (CF3CF2CH3, HFC-245cb), 1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane (CHF2CHFCHF2, HFC-245ea), 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane (CF3CHFCH2F, HFC-245eb), 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (CF3CH2CHF2, HFC-245fa), 1,2,2,3-tetrafluoropropane (CH2FCF2CH2F, HFC-254ca), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoropropane (CHF2CF2CH3, HFC-254cb), 1,1,2,3-tetrafluoropropane (CHF2CHFCH2F, HFC-254ea), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane (CF3CHFCH3, HFC-254eb), 1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropane (CHF2CH2CHF2, HFC-254fa), 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoropropane (CF3CH2CH2F, HFC-254fb), 1,1,1-trifluoropropane (CF3CH2CH3, HFC-263fb), 2,2-difluoropropane (CH3CF2CH3, HFC-272ca), 1,2-difluoropropane (CH2FCHFCH3, HFC-272ea), 1,3-difluoropropane (CH2FCH2CH2F, HFC-272fa), 1,1-difluoropropane (CHF2CH2CH3, HFC-272fb), 2-fluoropropane (CH3CHFCH3, HFC-281ea), 1-fluoropropane (CH2FCH2CH3, HFC-281fa), 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluorobutane (CHF2CF2CF2CHF2, HFC-338pcc), 1,1,1,2,2,4,4,4-octafluorobutane (CF3CH2CF2CF3, HFC-338mf), 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (CF3CH2CHF2, HFC-365mfc), 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane (CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3, HFC-43-10mee), and 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tetradecafluoroheptane (CF3CF2CHFCHFCF2CF2CF3, HFC-63-14mee). 6. The method of claim 3, wherein said fluoroolefin comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: (I) fluoroolefins of the formula E-or Z-R1CH═CHR2, wherein R1 and R2 are, independently, C1 to C6 perfluoroalkyl groups, and mixtures thereof; (ii) cyclic fluoroolefins of the formula cyclo-[CX═CY(CZW)n--], wherein X, Y, Z, and W, independently, are H or F, and n is an integer from 2 to 5, and mixtures thereof; and (iii) fluoroolefins selected from the group consisting of: 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propene (CHF═CFCF3), 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propene (CF2═CHCF3), 1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propene (CF2═CFCHF2), 1,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (CHF═CFCHF2), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (CH2═CFCF3), 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (CHF═CHCF3), 1,1,2,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (CF2═CFCH2F), 1,1,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (CF2═CHCHF2), 1,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (CHF═CFCHF2), 3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene (CH2═CHCF3), 2,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene (CHF2CF═CH2); 1,1,2-trifluoro-1-propene (CH3CF═CF2); 1,2,3-trifluoro-1-propene (CH2FCF═CF2); 1,1,3-trifluoro-1-propene (CH2FCH═CF2); 1,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene (CHF2CH═CHF); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,4-octafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF═CFCF3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,4-octafluoro-1-butene (CF3CF2CF═CF2); 1,1,1,2,4,4,4-heptafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF═CHCF3); 1,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-1-butene (CHF═CFCF2CF3); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4-heptafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF═CFCF3); 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1-propene ((CF3)2C═CHF); 1,1,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-1-butene (CF2═CHCF2CF3); 1,1,2,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-1-butene (CF2═CFCHFCF3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4-heptafluoro-1-butene (CF2═CFCF2CHF2); 2,3,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-1-butene (CF3CF2CF═CH2); 1,3,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-1-butene (CHF═CHCF2CF3); 1,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-1-butene (CHF═CFCHFCF3); 1,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluoro-1-butene (CHF═CFCF2CHF2); 1,1,2,3,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF═CFCHF2); 1,1,1,2,3,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCF═CFCF3); 1,1,1,2,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CH═CFCF3); 1,1,1,3,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CF3CH═CFCHF2); 1,1,2,3,3,4-hexafluoro-1-butene (CF2═CFCF2CH2F); 1,1,2,3,4,4-hexafluoro-1-butene (CF2═CFCHFCHF2); 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1-propene (CH2═C(CF3)2); 1,1,1,2,4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCH═CFCF3); 1,1,1,3,4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CF3CH═CFCH2F); 3,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene (CF3CF2CH═CH2); 1,1,1,4,4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CH═CHCF3); 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoro-2-butene (CH3CF═CFCF3); 2,3,3,4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene (CH2═CFCF2CHF2); 1,1,2,4,4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF═CHCHF2); 1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoro-1-butene (CH3CF2CF═CF2); 1,1,2,3,4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCF═CFCHF2); 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoro-2-methyl-1-propene (CF2═C(CF3)(CH3)); 2-(difluoromethyl)-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene (CH2═C(CHF2)(CF3)); 2,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene (CH2═CFCHFCF3); 1,2,4,4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene (CHF═CFCH2CF3); 1,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene (CHF═CHCHFCF3); 1,3,3,4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene (CHF═CHCF2CHF2); 1,2,3,4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene (CHF═CFCHFCHF2); 3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butene (CH2═CHCF2CHF2); 1,1-difluoro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-propene (CF2═C(CHF2)(CH3)); 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-methyl-1-propene (CHF═C(CF3)(CH3)); 3,3-difluoro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-propene (CH2═C(CHF2)2); 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF═CHCH3); 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2-butene (CH3CF═CHCF3); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF═CFCF2CF3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-1-pentene (CF2═CFCF2CF2CF3); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2-butene ((CF3)2C═CHCF3); 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF═CHCF2CF3); 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CH═CFCF2CF3); 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-1-pentene (CHF═CFCF2CF2CF3); 1,1,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-1-pentene (CF2═CHCF2CF2CF3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-nonafluoro-1-pentene (CF2═CFCF2CF2CHF2); 1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CHF2CF═CFCF2CF3); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF═CFCF2CHF2); 1,1,1,2,3,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF═CFCHFCF3); 1,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1-butene (CHF═CFCF(CF3)2); 1,1,2,4,4,4-hexafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1-butene (CF2═CFCH(CF3)2); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2-butene (CF3CH═C(CF3)2); 1,1,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1-butene (CF2═CHCF(CF3)2); 2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentene (CH2═CFCF2CF2CF3); 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentene (CHF═CFCF2CF2CHF2); 3,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1-butene (CH2═C(CF3)CF2CF3); 1,1,4,4,4-pentafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1-butene (CF2═CHCH(CF3)2); 1,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1-butene (CHF═CHCF(CF3)2); 1,1,4,4,4-pentafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1-butene (CF2═C(CF3)CH2CF3); 3,4,4,4-tetrafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1-butene ((CF3)2CFCH═CH2); 3,3,4,4,5,5,5-heptafluoro-1-pentene (CF3CF2CF2CH═CH2); 2,3,3,4,4,5,5-heptafluoro-1-pentene (CH2═CFCF2CF2CHF2); 1,1,3,3,5,5,5-heptafluoro-1-butene (CF2═CHCF2CH2CF3); 1,1,1,2,4,4,4-heptafluoro-3-methyl-2-butene (CF3CF═C(CF3)(CH3)); 2,4,4,4-tetrafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1-butene (CH2═CFCH(CF3)2); 1,4,4,4-tetrafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1-butene (CHF═CHCH(CF3)2); 1,1,1,4-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2-butene (CH2FCH═C(CF3)2); 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2-butene (CH3CF═C(CF3)2); 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2-butene ((CF3)2C═CHCH3); 3,4,4,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF2CF═CHCH3); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-methyl-2-butene (CF3C(CH3)═CHCF3); 3,3,4,5,5,5-hexafluoro-1-pentene (CH2═CHCF2CHFCF3); 4,4,4-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1-butene (CH2═C(CF3)CH2CF3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-1-hexene (CF3(CF2)3CF═CF2); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-3-hexene (CF3CF2CF═CFCF2CF3); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2-butene ((CF3)2C═C(CF3)2); 1,1,1,2,3,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pentene ((CF3)2CFCF═CFCF3); 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pentene ((CF3)2C═CHC2F5); 1,1,1,3,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pentene ((CF3)2CFCF═CHCF3); 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluoro-1-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CF2CH═CH2); 4,4,4-trifluoro-3,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1-butene (CH2═CHC(CF3)3); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-3-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2-butene ((CF3)2C═C(CH3)(CF3)); 2,3,3,5,5,5-hexafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-pentene (CH2═CFCF2CH(CF3)2); 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-3-methyl-2-pentene (CF3CF═C(CH3)CF2CF3); 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pentene (CF3CH═CHCH(CF3)2); 3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-octafluoro-2-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CF═CHCH3); 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-octafluoro1-hexene (CH2═CHCF2CF2CF2CHF2); 1,1,1,4,4-pentafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pentene ((CF3)2C═CHCF2CH3); 4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1-pentene (CH2═C(CF3)CH2C2F5); 3,3,4,4,5,5,5-heptafluoro-2-methyl-1-pentene (CF3CF2CF2C(CH3)═CH2); 4,4,5,5,6,6,6-heptafluoro-2-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CH═CHCH3); 4,4,5,5,6,6,6-heptafluoro-1-hexene (CH2═CHCH2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4-heptafluoro-3-hexene (CF3CF2CF═CFC2H5); 4,5,5,5-tetrafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-pentene (CH2═CHCH2CF(CF3)2); 1,1,1,2,5,5,5-heptafluoro-4-methyl-2-pentene (CF3CF═CHCH(CF3)(CH3)); 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pentene ((CF3)2C═CFC2H5); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tetradecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CF═CFCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tetradecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CF═CFCF2C2F5); 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CH═CFCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CF═CHCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CH═CFCF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,3,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CF═CHCF2C2F5); pentafluoroethyl trifluorovinyl ether (CF2═CFOCF2CF3); and trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl ether (CF2═CFOCF3); and mixtures thereof; and wherein said fluoroolefin may be any mixture of any compounds from (i), (ii), and (iii) above. 7. The method of claim 3, wherein said hydrocarbon comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of propane, n-butane, isobutane, cyclobutane, n-pentane, 2-methylbutane, 2,2-dimethylpropane, cyclopentane, n-hexane, 2-methylpentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, 2,3-dimethylbutane, 3-methylpentane, cyclohexane, n-heptane, cycloheptane, and mixtures thereof. 8. The method of claim 3, wherein said heat transfer composition comprises at least one compound from the group consisting of HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, HFC-152a, HFC-161, and mixtures thereof. 9. The method of claim 3, wherein said heat transfer composition comprises at least one compound from the group consisting of HFC-1225ye, HFC-1234yf, HFC-1234ze, HFC-1243zf, and mixtures thereof. 10. The method of claim 3, wherein said heat transfer composition comprises a mixture selected from the group consisting of: HFC-32, HFC-125, and HFC-134a; HFC-32 and HFC-1225ye; HFC-1234yf and CF3I; HFC-32, HFC-134a, and HFC-1225ye; HFC-32, HFC-1225ye, and HFC-1234yf; HFC-125, HFC-1225ye, and HFC-1234yf; HFC-32, HFC-1225ye, HFC-1234yf, and CF3I; HFC-134a, HFC-1225ye, and HFC-1234yf; HFC-134a and HFC-1234yf; HFC-125 and HFC-1234yf; HFC-125, HFC-134a, and n-butane; HFC-125, HFC-134a, and dimethyl ether; HFC-125, HFC-134a, and isobutane; HFC-134a and HFC-227ea; HFC-125, HFC-134a, n-butane, isobutane and isopentane; HFC-134a, HFC-32, and HFC-227ea; HFC-125, HFC-134a, n-butane, and isopentane; HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-143a, and HFC-134a; HFC-125, HFC-143a, propane, and isobutane; HFC-125, HFC-134a, n-butane, and n-pentane; HFC-32, HFC-125, and HFC-1225ye; HFC-32 and HFC-1234yf; HFC-32, HFC-125, and HFC-1234yf; HFC-32, HFC-134a, and HFC-1234yf; HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, and HFC-1234yf; dimethylether and HFC-1234yf; HFC-152a and HFC-1234yf; HFC-152a, HFC-134a, and HFC-1234yf; HFC-152a, n-butane, and HFC-1234yf; HFC-134a, propane, and HFC-1234yf; HFC-125, HFC-152a, and HFC-1234yf; HFC-125, HFC-134a, and HFC-1234yf; HFC-32, HFC-1234ze, and HFC-1234yf; HFC-125, HFC-1234ze, and HFC-1234yf; HFC-32, HFC-1234ze, HFC-1234yf, and CF3I; HFC-134a, HFC-1234ze, and HFC-1234yf; HFC-134a and HFC-1234ze; HFC-32 and HFC-1234ze; HFC-125 and HFC-1234ze; HFC-32, HFC-125, and HFC-1234ze; HFC-32, HFC-134a, and HFC-1234ze; dimethylether and HFC-1234ze; HFC-152a and HFC-1234ze; HFC-152a, HFC-134a, and HFC-1234ze; HFC-152a, n-butane, and HFC-1234ze; HFC-134a, propane, and HFC-1234ze; HFC-125, HFC-152a, and HFC-1234ze; and HFC-125, HFC-134a, and HFC-1234ze. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the internal pressure is measured by a pressure sensor installed inside the system. 12. A closed loop heat transfer system comprising: (a) a compressor for compressing a gaseous heat transfer composition, the compressor having an inlet and an outlet; (b) a condenser for condensing the gaseous heat transfer composition to a liquid, the condenser having an inlet and an outlet, where the inlet is connected via a connecting line to the outlet of the compressor; (c) an expander for expanding the liquid heat transfer composition having an inlet and an outlet, where the inlet is connected via a connecting line to the outlet of the condenser; (d) an evaporator for vaporizing the expanded, liquid heat transfer composition having an inlet and an outlet, where the inlet is connected via a connecting line to the expander and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the compressor via a connecting line; and (e) means for measuring the internal pressure of the heat transfer system disposed inside the heat transfer system. 12. The heat transfer system of claim 11, wherein the internal pressure measuring means is disposed in the connecting line between the evaporator and the compressor.
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