Predominately amino terminated phosphonamide oligomers and their use as flame retardant additives in polyamides and copolyamides without detracting from melt processability are described herein. Other important properties such as strength, modulus, dyeing and thermal stability are maintained.
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1. A polymer composition comprising at least one phosphonamide oligomer having amino end groups and one or more polyamides, copolyamides or combinations thereof. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the phosphonamide oligomer comprises a compound of Formula I: wherein:R is a C1 to C20 alkyl or, op
1. A polymer composition comprising at least one phosphonamide oligomer having amino end groups and one or more polyamides, copolyamides or combinations thereof. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the phosphonamide oligomer comprises a compound of Formula I: wherein:R is a C1 to C20 alkyl or, optionally substituted aryl group;X is an aromatic or aliphatic group;Z is: and n is an integer of from 1 to about 20. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein at least 50% of available end groups of the phosphonamide oligomer are amine groups. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the phosphonamide oligomer comprises a molecular weight of about 200 g/mole to about 10,000 g/mole using polystyrene standards. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises about 2 wt. % to about 50 wt % phosphonamide oligomer. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more polyamides, copolyamides or combinations thereof are selected from the group consisting of polyhexamethylene adipamide, polyhexamethylene sebacamide, polycaprolactam, and copolyamide 6/66, nylon-4, nylon-6, nylon-6,6, nylon-6,10, nylon-6,9, nylon-6,12, nylon-4,6, nylon-12,12, nylon-11, nylon-12, aromatic polyamides based on m-xylene, diamine and adipic acid; polyamides prepared from hexamethylenediamine and terephthalic acid and/or isoterephthalic acid. 7. The composition of claim 1, further comprising one or more elastomers. 8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the one or more elastomers are selected from the group consisting of poly-2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene-terephthalamide or poly-m-phenyleneisophthalamide. 9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more polyamides, copolyamides or combinations thereof comprise block copolymers. 10. The composition of claim 9, wherein the block copolymers comprise one or more polyamides, copolyamides or combinations thereof selected from the group consisting of polyhexamethylene adipamide, polyhexamethylene sebacamide, polycaprolactam, and copolyamide 6/66, nylon-4, nylon-6, nylon-6,6, nylon-6,10, nylon-6,9, nylon-6,12, nylon-4,6, nylon-12,12, nylon-11, nylon-12, aromatic polyamides based on m-xylene, diamine and adipic acid; polyamides prepared from hexamethylenediamine and terephthalic acid and/or isoterephthalic acid, and polyolefins, olefin copolymers, ionomers, chemically bonded or grafted elastomers, or polyethers, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, or polytetramethylene glycol, or combinations thereof. 11. The compostion of claim 1, wherein the one or more polyamides, copolyamides or combinations thereof further comprises monomers derived from ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). 12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is a homogeneous composition. 13. A phosphonamide oligomer comprising a compound of Formula II: wherein each of R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 is individually a C1 to C20 alkyl or, optionally substituted, aryl group;each of X1, X2, X3, and X4 is individually, an aromatic, cycloalkyl, or aliphatic group;n and m are an integer of from 0 to about 20; andeach Z is, independently: 14. The composition of claim 1, wherein at least 50% of available end groups of the phosphonamide oligomer are amine groups. 15. A method of for preparing a phosphonamide oligomer comprising: combining an amine containing monomer and a phosphonate monomer to from a reaction mixture; andheating the reaction mixture under vacuum. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the reaction mixture further comprises a polymerization catalyst. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein heating is carried out an initial pressure of from about 250 mmHg to about 50 mmHg. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein heating is carried out at a pressure that is reduced gradually or step wise from about 10 mmHg to about 5 mmHg. 19. The method of claim 14, heating is from about 175° C. to about 300° C. 20. The method of claim 14, heating is carried out for from about 10 hours to about 40 hours. 21. The method of claim 14, wherein the amine containing monomer is provided in a molar excess of from about 10% to about 50%. 22. An article of manufacture comprising a polymer composition comprising at least one phosphonamide oligomer having amino end groups and one or more polyamides, copolyamides or combinations thereof. 23. The article of manufacture of claim 21, wherein the article is selected from the group consisting of free standing films and sheets, fibers, foams, molded articles, coated substrates, adhesives, and fiber reinforced composites. 24. The article of manufacture of claim 21, wherein the article is selected from electronics, automotive parts, fabrics used to make clothing or furnishings, carpet fiber, apparel, upholstery, airbags, tires, conveyor belts, and hoses.
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