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A furnace including a cooled mould having its bottom sealed with a bottom plate and its top sealed with a cooled vacuum chamber fitted with a cover carrying an electrode holder movably fixed therein. Mounted in the cooling spaces of the furnace units, filled with a liquid-metal cooling agent, are tu

A furnace including a cooled mould having its bottom sealed with a bottom plate and its top sealed with a cooled vacuum chamber fitted with a cover carrying an electrode holder movably fixed therein. Mounted in the cooling spaces of the furnace units, filled with a liquid-metal cooling agent, are tubular heat exchangers intercommunicating with each other to form a closed circulation circuit filled with a coolant which is chemically neutral to the liquid-metal cooling agent and to water. The cooling spaces of the furnace units are filled with a liquid-metal coolant and communicate with an expansion chamber, as well as with a water heat exchanger through a heat-transfer circuit. Arranged intermediate the mould inner wall and its tubular heat exchanger is a shield made in the form of a hollow cylindrical wall. Fixedly mounted intermediate the shield and the mould outer wall along multiple-thread helical lines are metal strips which form channels at the upper and lower sections thereof, and mounted opposite these channels externally of the mould are electromagnetic superchargers.

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A furnace for vacuum arc melting highly reactive metals, comprising: a cooled mould, a detachable cooled bottom plate tightly sealing the bottom of said cooled mould, and a cooled vacuum chamber fitted with a cover tightly sealing the top of said cooled mould; said mould, bottom plate, and vacuum ch

A furnace for vacuum arc melting highly reactive metals, comprising: a cooled mould, a detachable cooled bottom plate tightly sealing the bottom of said cooled mould, and a cooled vacuum chamber fitted with a cover tightly sealing the top of said cooled mould; said mould, bottom plate, and vacuum chamber each having outer and inner walls defining cooling spaces filled with a liquid-metal cooling agent and circulating means; and electrode holder containing a cooling space filled with a liquid-metal cooling agent, said electrode holder being movably mounted in the cover of said vacuum chamber; each of the aforesaid cooling spaces having tubular heat exchangers disposed within them, said tubular heat exchangers communicating with a common heat transfer circuit and filled with a liquid cooling agent chemically neutral to the liquid-metal cooling agent and to water; a shield made in the form of a closed hollow cylindrical wall filled with an inert gas, and disposed between the inner wall of said cooled mould and its tubular heat exchanger; an expansion chamber communicating with the cooling spaces of said vacuum chamber, cooled mould and bottom plate; metal strips disposed between the shield and the outer wall of said cooled mould and arranged along a helical line to form channels at the upper and lower sections of the cooling space of said cooled mould; electromagnetic superchargers mounted on the exterior of said cooled mould opposite the channels formed by said metal strips, which serve to circulate the liquid-metal cooling agent along the helical channels and throughout the cooling spaces; electrocontact sensing means secured on the lower portion of said hollow shield to monitor the integrity of the furnace walls.