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Apparatus and methods for physically separating a heterogeneous mixture of immiscible liquids utilizing the difference in the viscosities of the components. At least one moveable surface is enclosed by at least one stationary surface to form a processing passage. Viscous-drag-induced momentum is tra

Apparatus and methods for physically separating a heterogeneous mixture of immiscible liquids utilizing the difference in the viscosities of the components. At least one moveable surface is enclosed by at least one stationary surface to form a processing passage. Viscous-drag-induced momentum is transferred preferentially from the moving surface(s) to the more viscous component of the mixture, moving it downstream toward a collecting and pressurizing obstructing member. The resulting pressure "squeezes" the less viscous droplets upstream to separate from the collected material and drain from the passage through a drainage opening. In a preferred embodiment, an annular channel rotates within a housing, dragging the mixture from an inlet to an obstructing member extending into the passage near an outlet. The separated less viscous component drains from a drainage opening in the housing, while the more viscous component is discharged through the outlet. In another preferred embodiment, a plurality of annular passages is interconnected for series operation by material transfer grooves formed in the closure surface of the housing.

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1. Apparatus for separating out at least one phase of a material comprising a heterogeneous mixture of immiscible liquids of differing viscosities comprising: (a) at least one stationary surface; (b) at least one surface adapted for movement in a downstream direction relative to the stationary s

1. Apparatus for separating out at least one phase of a material comprising a heterogeneous mixture of immiscible liquids of differing viscosities comprising: (a) at least one stationary surface; (b) at least one surface adapted for movement in a downstream direction relative to the stationary surface and forming therewith at least one enclosed processing passage in which viscous-drag-induced momentum is transferred from the moving surface(s) preferentially to the more viscous phase of the material in the passage, causing the more viscous phase to be moved downstream relative to the less viscous phase; (c) a drainage opening for the passage; and (d) an obstructing member for each passage disposed downstream of and a predetermined distance from the drainage opening and arranged to at least partially block the downstream movement of the material through the passage and to collect the material as a recirculating pool so that pressurization of the material and separation of at least some of the less viscous phase from the material can occur, the separated less viscous phase being discharged from the passage through the drainage opening. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising: (e) an inlet for each passage through which the material may be introduced to the passage; and (f) an outlet for each passage through which the remaining material may be discharged after processing in the passage. 3. Apparatus according to claim 2 further comprising means to control the pressure at the inlet of at least one processing passage. 4. Apparatus according to claim 2 further comprising means to control the pressure at the outlet of at least one processing passage. 5. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein: (g) the moving surfaces are provided by one or more annular processing channels each having opposed side walls and carried by a common rotor; (h) the stationary surface is provided by a substantially cylindrical inner surface of a housing coaxial with the rotor, the inner surface enclosing the one or more channels so thar the one or more processing passages so formed are annular passages, the housing having formed therein the inlet(s), the outlet(s) spaced apart from the inlet(s) at least a major portion of the circumference of the housing, and the drainage opening(s) positioned about the circumference of the housing between the inlet(s) and outlet(s); and (i) each obstructing member is associated with the housing and is positioned downstream of and near the outlet of the associated passage, fitting closely within the channel to provide an end wall for the passage, so that the material may be introduced to each passage through the inlet and blocked and collected at the end wall and so that at least partial separation of the less viscous phase from the material is effected within each passage by the viscous-drag-induced momentum and the pressure generated by the rotating channel side walls, the separated less viscous phase being discharged from each passage through the drainage opening and the remaining material being discharged from each passage through the outlet. 6. Apparatus according to claim 5 further comprising one or more material transfer grooves formed in the housing to interconnect the outlet of each passage except the most downstream passage and the inlet of the next adjacent downstream passage, so that material discharged from the outlet of each passage except the most downstream passage is transferred to the inlet of the next adjacent downstream passage to effect multi-stage separation. 7. Apparatus according to claim 6 further comprising means to mix the less viscous phase discharged from the drainage opening of each passage except the most upstream passage with the material being processed in the next adjacent upstream passage. 8. Apparatus according to claim 5 further comprising one or more flow diverters for each passage, associated with the housing and positioned between the inlet and the drainage opening and extending into the passage to divert the flow of material entering the passage away from the drainage opening. 9. Apparatus according to claim 8 wherein at least one of the diverters is adapted to provide the drainage opening. 10. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein each processing channel has a substantially T-shaped cross-sectional configuration, providing a radially outward channel portion axially wider than the remaining, radially inward channel portion. 11. Apparatus according to claim 10 further comprising means positioned between the drainage opening and the outlet opening to at least partially block the upstream movement of the material in the recirculating pool through the radially outward portion of the passage. 12. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the drainage opening of at least one passage is covered by means providing a plurality of closely spaced small openings. 13. Apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising means to provide control of the temperature at one or more of the surfaces of the apparatus. 14. A method of separating out at least one phase of a material comprising a heterogeneous mixture of immiscible liquids of differing viscosities comprising the steps of: (a) introducing the material to a processing zone defined by at least one moveable surface, at least one stationary surface enclosing the processing zone and an obstructing member positioned between the two surfaces; and (b) moving the moveable surface(s) in a downstream direction relative to the stationary surface(s) and toward the obstructing member, so that viscous-drag-induced momentum is transferred from the moving surface(s) preferentially to the more viscous phase of the material in the passage causing the more viscous phase to be moved downstream relative to the less viscous phase; and (c) at least partially blocking the downstream movement of the material through the zone at the obstructing member and collecting the material at the obstructing member as a recirculating pool so that pressurization of the material and separation of at least some of the less viscous phase from the material can occur. 15. A method according to claim 14 further comprising the step of discharging the separated less viscous phase from the passage through a drainage opening. 16. A method according to claim 15 further comprising the step of preventing the more viscous material from entering the drainage opening. 17. A method according to claim 14 further comprising the step of controlling the temperature of the material in at least a portion of each processing zone. 18. A method according to claim 14 further comprising the step of controlling the pressure within the portion of the processing zone not occupied by the material. 19. A method according to claim 14 wherein the material is introduced to the zone at a feed point and further comprising the step of discharging the remaining material from the zone at a discharge point. 20. A method of separating out at least one phase of a material comprising a heterogeneous mixture of immiscible liquids of differing viscosities comprising the steps of: (a) introducing the material at a feed point to one or more substantially annular processing zones each defined by two rotatable, substantially circular walls, a coaxial stationary surface enclosing the processing zone(s) and having an opening therethrough communicating with each processing zone and arranged for drainage, and an obstructing member for each processing zone positioned downstream of and a predetermined distance from the drainage opening; (b) rotating the circular walls of each processing zone at substantially equal velocities, in the same direction from the feed point toward the obstructing member, so that viscous-drag-induced momentum is transferred from the rotating circular walls preferentially to the more viscous phase of the material in the zone causing the more viscous phase to be moved downstream relative to the less viscous phase; (c) blocking the downstream movement of the material through the zone at the obstructing member and collecting the material at the obstructing member as a recirculating pool in which pressurization of the material and separation of at least some of the less viscous phase from the material occur; (d) discharging the less viscous phase from each zone through the drainage opening; and (e) discharging the remaining material from each zone at a discharge point positioned near the obstructing member. 21. A method according to claim 20 further comprising the step of transferring the material discharged from the discharge point of each processing zone except the most downstream zone to the feed point of the next adjacent downstream processing zone. 22. A method according to claim 21 further comprising the step of mixing the less viscous phase discharged from the drainage opening of each processing zone except the most upstream zone with the material being processed in the next adjacent upstream zone. 23. A method according to claim 20 further including the step of preventing the more viscous material from entering the drainage opening. 24. A method according to claim 20 further including the step of controlling the temperature of the material in at least a portion of each processing zone. 25. A method according to claim 20 further comprising the step of controlling the pressure at which the material is introduced to at least one processing zone. 26. A method according to claim 20 further comprising the step of controlling the pressure at which the material is discharged from at least one processing zone. 27. A method according to claim 20 further including the step of controlling the pressure within the portion of the processing zone not occupied by the material.