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An industrial robot in which both a column which is pivotally mounted on a rotatable base member and a boom which is pivotally mounted on the upper end of the column are of hollow construction to provide a rigid lightweight structure capable of carrying substantial loads. The column is counterbalanc

An industrial robot in which both a column which is pivotally mounted on a rotatable base member and a boom which is pivotally mounted on the upper end of the column are of hollow construction to provide a rigid lightweight structure capable of carrying substantial loads. The column is counterbalanced by a spring and the boom is counterbalanced by pneumatic cylinders on a movable carriage so that the major axes of the robot can be driven by relatively low energy driving sources. A simplified hand gear train is provided which is capable of carrying substantial loads and is easily serviced.

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In a manipulator apparatus, the combination of, a turret mounted for pivotal movement about a first horizontal axis, a boom support mounted in the upper end of said turret for pivotal movement about a second horizontal axis, a boom mounted in said boom support for rotation about an axis perpendicula

In a manipulator apparatus, the combination of, a turret mounted for pivotal movement about a first horizontal axis, a boom support mounted in the upper end of said turret for pivotal movement about a second horizontal axis, a boom mounted in said boom support for rotation about an axis perpendicular to and offset from said second horizontal axis, a first bevel gear mounted on the end of said boom for rotation about a first axis in the same plane as said rotational axis of said boom, a pair of bevel gears in mesh with said first bevel gear on opposite sides of said rotational axis and mounted for rotation about a second axis intersecting with and perpendicular to said rotational axis, driving means carried by and rotating with said rotatably mounted boom for independently rotating said pair of bevel gears, said driving means including a pair of hydraulic cylinders mounted within said boom, means interconnecting the piston of each of said cylinders to one of said pair of bevel gears, a first pair of sprockets mounted for rotation about said second axis and individually connected to said pair of bevel gears, a second pair of sprockets rotatably mounted within said boom, and a pair of chains individually in mesh with one sprocket of each of said first and second sprockets and interconnected with the piston of one of said cylinders, the piston rod of each of said cylinders being connected at either end thereof to one of said chains, and a solid rod of the same length as said piston rod connected to each of said chains and adapted to move in the opposite direction from said piston rod, thereby to minimize the length of chain employed to rotate each of said pairs of bevel gears.