A belt tightener for seat belts in vehicles comprises a device for moving the belt buckle in a belt-tightening sense and for locking the belt buckle at the end of the tightening movement, which device is activated by a so-called vehicle-sensitive system in response to an acceleration or deceleration
A belt tightener for seat belts in vehicles comprises a device for moving the belt buckle in a belt-tightening sense and for locking the belt buckle at the end of the tightening movement, which device is activated by a so-called vehicle-sensitive system in response to an acceleration or deceleration in excess of predetermined critical values. In that belt tightener, the bracket which carries the buckle is guided for a longitudinal displacement in a housing, which is connected to the sheet metal frame of the seat or to another part of the vehicle and said housing is provided with means which permit a pull-in movment of the bracket and block its movement in the opposite direction, the belt buckle or the bracket is connected to one end of a preferably tensile element, which at its other end is connected to an energy storage device, which preferably consists of a pre-stressed spring and which in case of relaxation imparts a pull-in movement via the tensile element to the belt buckle, and a locking devie for retaining the spring in its prestressed position is controlled by the vehicle-sensitive system in such a manner that said locking device will be disabled in response to accelerations in excess of a predetermined value.
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1. A belt tightener for seat belts in vehicles, said belt tightener including a device for moving the belt buckle in a belt-tightening sense and for locking the belt buckle at the end of the tightening movement, said device activated by a vehicle-senstive system which activates said belt tightener i
1. A belt tightener for seat belts in vehicles, said belt tightener including a device for moving the belt buckle in a belt-tightening sense and for locking the belt buckle at the end of the tightening movement, said device activated by a vehicle-senstive system which activates said belt tightener in response to an acceleration or deceleration in excess of predetermined critical values, characterized in that the belt buckle is carried by a bracket which is guided for a longitudinal displacement in a housing, said housing being connected to the frame of the seat part of the vehicle and being provded with means which permit a pull-in movement of the bracket and block its movement in the opposite direction, the belt buckle being operatively coupled to one end of a tensile element, which at its other end is connected to an energy storage device, said energy storage device including a prestressed spring and and being adapted in case of relaxation to impart a pull-in movement via the tensile element to the belt buckle, and a locking device for retaining said spring in its prestressed position, said locking device being controlled by the vehicle-sensitive system in such a manner that said locking device will be disengaged in response to accelerations in excess of a predetermined value to cause tightening of the seat belt buckle. 2. A belt tightener for seat belts in vehicles, said belt tightener including a device for moving the belt buckle in a belt-tightening sense and for locking the belt buckle at the end of the tightening movement, said device being activated by a vehicle-sensitive system which activates said belt tightener in response to an acceleration or deceleration in excess of predetermined critical values, characterized in that the belt buckle is carried by a bracket which is guided for a longitudinal displacement in a housing, said guide housing being connected to part of the vehicle and being provided with means which permit a pull-in movement of the bracket but block its movement in the opposite direction, the belt buckle being operatively coupled to one end of a tensile element, which at its other end is connected to an energy storage device, said energy storage device including a prestressed spring and being adapted in case of relaxation to impart a pull-in movement via the tensile element to the belt buckle, and a locking device for retaining said spring in its prestressed position, said locking device being controlled by the vehicle-sensitive system and said tensile member being connected to a tie rod which is slidable within a spring housing and is held in locked configuration by a toggle joint system operably coupled to and activated by said vehicle sensitive system, said prestressed spring being held in compression within said spring housing by said tie rod when in the locked configuration yet exerting a pull-in force on said tensile element when said locking device is disengaged in response to accelerations in excess of a predetermined value to cause a tightening of the seat belt, yet said seat belt buckle will be blocked from movement in the opposite direction. 3. A belt tightener according to claim 2, characterized in that the toggle joint system comprises a locking lever, which is pivoted in the housing and is provided with a locking nose, which extends into a detent indentation of the tie rod, one arm of a toggle joint is pivoted to the forward portion of said locking lever, the other arm of the toggle joint is movably mounting on a pin, which is fixed to the housing, and in the locking position the toggle joint is held in an extended position by a device which is operable by the vehicle-sensitive system. 4. A belt tightener according to claim 3, characterized in that the vehicle-sensitive system comprises a ball, which is held betwee a socket member and an abutment member, and one of said members is connected to the toggle joint, which is biased by a spring in such a manner that in response to a certain acceleration which is indicative of a a crash or of a dangerous accident the ball will depart from the socket so that the toggle joint will buckle to unlock the tie rod. 5. A belt tightener according to claim 3, characterized in that the vehicle-sensitive system comprises a ball, which is held between a socket member and an abutment member, the socket or the abutment is connected to the hinge of a second toggle joint, the arms of which are pivoted at the hinge of the first toggle joint and in the housing, respectively, and the hinge of the second toggle joint is biased by a spring in such a manner that in response to a predetermined acceleration, which is indicative of a need of an action to protect the occupants of the vehicle, the ball will depart from the socket so that both toggle joints wil buckle so as to unlock the tie rod. 6. A belt tightener according to claim 5, characterized in that the socket or the abutment are adjustable by means of an adjusting screw for changing the initial stress of the spring which biases the hinge of the first or second toggle joint. 7. A belt tightener according to claim 4, characterized in that the arm of the toggle joint which is mounted at a fixed location in the housing consists of a bell-crank lever, the ball is gripped between the free arm of said bell crank lever, which free arm protrudes over the hinges, and a member that is fixed to the housing, and the detent flanks of the detent nose and of the detent indentation are so beveled that a moment in an unlocking sense is exerted on the locking lever. 8. A belt tightener according to claim 7, characterized in that the socket for holding the ball is adjustable in a guide provided on the free lever arm. 9. A belt tightener according to claim 2, characterized in that the guide housing for the bracket that carries the belt buckle, on the one hand, and the spring housing, inclusive of the locking toggle joint system that is controlled by the vehicle-sensitive system, on the other hand, are interconnected. 10. A belt tightener for seat belts in vehicles, said belt tightener including a device for moving the belt buckle in a belt-tightening sense and for locking the belt buckle at the end of the tightening movement, said device being activated by a vehicle-sensitive system which activates said belt tightener in response to an acceleration or deceleration in excess of predetermined critical values, characterized in that the belt buckle is carried by a bracket which is guided for a longitudinal displacement in a housing, said guide housing being connected to part of th vehicle and being provided with means which permit a pull-in movement of the bracket and block its movement in the opposite direction, the belt buckle being operatively coupled to one end of a tensile element which, at its other end, is connected to an energy storage device, said energy storage device including a prestressed spring and being adapted in case of relaxation to impart a pull-in movement via the tensile element to the belt buckle, said tensile member comprising a flexible rope wrapped at least partially around a pulley member and being coupled to said belt buckle, and a locking device for retaining said spring in its prestressed position said locking device being controlled by the vehicle-sensitive system in such a manner that said locking device will be disengaged in response to accelerations in excess of a predetermined value to cause a tightening of the seat belt, yet said seat belt buckle will be blocked against movement in the opposite direction. 11. A belt tightener according to claim 10, further including a carrying rail coupled to said belt buckle said pulley having a nose for entering a hole in said carrying rail of the belt buckle. 12. A belt tightener according to claim 11, which further includes a tie rod coupled to said tensile element and said prestressed spring for exerting a pull-force on said tensile element when said locking device is disengaged, said pulley including an indentation for operative coupling with said tie rod when in the locking position. 13. A belt tightener for seat belts in vehicles, said belt tightener including a device for moving the belt buckle in a belt-tightening sense and for locking the belt buckle at the end of the tightening movement, said device being activated by a vehicle-sensitive system which activates said belt tightener in response to an acceleration or deceleration in excess of predetermined critical values, characterized in that the belt buckle is carried by a bracket which is guided for a longitudinal displacement in a housing, said guide housing being connected to part of the vehicle and being provided with means which permit a pull-in movement of the bracket and block its movement in the opposite direction, the belt buckle being operatively coupled to one end of a tensile element which, at its other end, it connected to an energy storage device, said energy storage device including a prestressed spring within a spring housing and being adapted in case of relaxation to impart a pull-in movement via the tensile element to the belt buckle, said guide housing and said spring housing being secured to a seat in the vehicle, with a seat tie rod coupled between the seat and the vehicle a locking device for retaining said spring in its prestressed postion, said locking device being controlled by the vehicle-sensitive system in such a manner that said locking device will be disengaged in response to accelerations in excess of a predetermined value, and a locking lever coupled to said guide housing for lockable engagement with said seat tie rod in response to a tension force exerted on the spring housing such that guide housing in directly connected to said seat tie rod when said belt tightener is activated, regardless of the position of the seat. 14. A belt tightener according to claim 13, characterized in that the spring housing is pivoted to the seat and the locking lever is pivoted in the guide housing and has sawtooth-like teeth and at a distance from its pivotal mounting is provided with a crankpin which so engages a part that is fixed in the vehicle that a pivotal movement of the spring housing caused by a tension exerted on the spring housing will pivotally move the lever toward the seat tie rod, which has complementary teeth to interengage with the teeth on said locking lever and the housing is coupled to the tie rod. 15. A belt tightener according to claim 13, characterized in that the seat tie rod consists of a lever, which is pivoted to the vehicle and is guided in the guide housing. 16. A belt tightener for seat belts in vehicles, comprising a device for moving the belt buckle in a belt-tightening sense and for locking the belt buckle at the end of the tightening movement, said device being activated by a vehicle-sensitive system in response to an acceleration or deceleration in excess of predetermined critical values, and the belt buckle being secured to a tightening lever, which is pivoted to a plate that is fixed to the vehicle, said tightening lever is biased by a spring in a tightening sense and is held in an inactive position by a locking member, which in response to a critical acceleration or deceleration unlocks the tightening lever, which is thence blocked by a ratchet in its tightening end position relative to the plate which is fixed to the vehicle, and the ratchet member cooperates with a pawl lever that is pivoted to the tightening lever, characterized in that the pawl lever is guided in a slot of the plate which is fixed to the vehicle and at least one edge of the slot is formed with the ratchet teeth for blocking the belt buckle in the tightened configuration. 17. A belt tightener according to claim 16, characterized in that the tightening lever is biased by a spiral spring. 18. A belt tightener for seat belt in vehicles, comprising a device for moving the belt buckle in a belt-tightening sense and for locking the belt buckle at the end of the tightening movement, said device being activated by a vehicle-sensitive system in response to an acceleration or deceleration in excess of redetermined critical values, and the belt buckle being secured to a tightening lever which is pivoted to a plate that is fixed to the vehicle, said tightening lever being biased by a spring in a tightening sense and being held in an inactive position by a locking member which, in response to a critical acceleration or deceleration, unlocks the tightening lever, which is thence blocked by a ratchet in its belt-tightening end position relative to the plate which is fixed to the vehicle, and the ratchet member cooperating with a pawl lever that is pivoted to the tightening lever, characterized in that said pawl lever is pivotally mounted to a tension lug attached to the belt buckle and said pawl lever is guided in a slot of the plate which is fixed to the vehicle and at least one edge of the slot is formed with ratchet teeth to block reverse movement of the belt buckle. 19. A belt tightener according to claim 16, characterized in that the slot which is provided with the ratchet teeth and is formed in the plate that is fixed to the vehicle extends substantially along a straight line in the direction of the tension lug and the pivot is guided in a slot of the tightening lever. 20. A belt tightener for seat belts in vehicles, said belt tightener including a device for moving the belt buckle in a belt-tightening sense and for locking the belt buckle at the end of the tightening movement, said device being activated by a vehicle-sensitive system which activates said belt tightener in response to an acceleration or deceleration in excess of predetermined critical values, characterized in that the belt buckle is carried by a bracket which is guided for a longitudinal displacement in a housing, said guide housing being connected to part of the vehicle and being provided with means which permit a pull-in movement of the bracket but block its movement in the opposite direction, said bracket comprising a rail which includes a row of holes and is guided for slidable movement by guide members in the guide housing, said guide members supporting the rail on opposite sides, and said holes in said bracket being adapted to receive a locking member to prevent a pull-out movement in said opposite direction, the belt buckle being operatively coupled to one end of a tensile element, which at its other end is connected to an energy storage device, said energy storage device including a prestressed spring and being adapted in case of relaxation to impart a pull-in movement via the tensile element to the belt buckle, and a locking device for retaining said spring in its prestressed position, said locking device being controlled by the vehicle-sensitive system in such a manner that said locking device will be deisengaged in response to accelerations in excess of a predetermined value to cause a tightening of the seat belt buckle yet said belt buckle will be blocked from movement in the opposite direction. 21. A belt tightener according to claim 20, wherein said locking member is spring-loaded. 22. A belt tightener for seat belts in vehicles, comprising a device for moving the belt buckle in a belt-tightening sense and for locking the belt buckle at the end of the tightening movement, said device being activated by a vehicle-sensitive system in response to an acceleration or deceleration in excess of predetermined critical values, and the belt buckle being secured to a tightening lever which is pivoted to a plate that is fixed to the vehicle, said tightening lever is biased by a spring in a tightening sense and is held in an inactive position by a locking member, which, in response to a critical acceleration or deceleration, unlocks the tightening lever, which is thence blocked by a ratchet in its tightening end position relative to the plate which is fixed to the vehicle, and the ratchet member cooperates with a pawl lever that is pivoted to the tightening lever, characterized in that said pawl lever comprises a disk which is formed with ratchet teeth and is guided in a slot of the plate which is fixed to the vehicle, said slot having ratchet teeth formed along both edges of said slot for interengaging with the ratchet teeth of said slot to block reverse movement of the belt buckle. 23. A belt tightener for seat belt in vehicles, comprising a device for moving the belt buckle in a belt-tightening sense and for locking the belt buckle at the end of the tightening movement, said device being activated by a vehicle-sensitive system in response to an acceleration or deceleration in excess of predetermined critical values, and the belt buckle being secured to a tighteneing lever which is pivotally attached to a plate that is fixed to the vehicle, said tightening lever is biased by a spring in a tightening sense and is held in an inactive position by a locking member which, in response to a critical acceleration or deceleration, unlocks the tightening lever, which is thence blocked by a ratchet in its belt-tightening end position relative to the plate which is fixed to the vehicle, and the ratchet member cooperates with a pawl lever that is pivotally attached to the tightening lever, characterized in that said pawl lever comprises a disk which is formed with ratchet teeth and is guided in a slot of the plate which is fixed to the vehicle, said slot being generally concentrically curved about the pivotal axis of the tightening lever with at least one edge of the slot being formed with the ratchet teeth, said belt buckle being attached to a tension lug which is pivotally mounted to the same pivot as the pawl lever and the movable end of the tightening lever. 24. A belt tightener for seat belt in vehicles, comprising a device for moving the belt buckle in a belt-tightening sense and for locking the belt buckle at the end of the tightening movement, said device being activated by a vehicle-sensitive system in response to an acceleration or deceleration in excess of predeetermined critical values, and the belt buckle being secured to a tightening lever, which is pivoted to a plate that is fixed to the vehicle, said tightening lever is biased by a spring in a tightening sense and is held in an inactive position by a locking member which, in response to a critical acceleration or deceleration, unlocks the tightening lever, which is thence blocked by a ratchet in its tightening end position relative to the plate which is fixed to the vehicle, and the ratchet member cooperates with a pawl lever that is pivotally attached to the tightening lever, characterized in that said pawl lever is guided in a slot of the plate which is fixed to the vehicle with at least one edge of the slot being formed with the ratchet teeth, and wherein said vehicle sensitive system comprises a sensor lever movably mounted at its lower end to said plate, said sensor lever comprising an inverted gravity pendulum which, when deflected from its rest position due to an acceleration or deceleration in excess of the predetermined values, deflects a lever blocking the tightening lever, thereby releasing the tightening lever. 25. A belt tightener according to claim 24, characterized in that one arm of a two-armed lever engages the tightening lever to retain the same, the angled other arm of said two-armed lever is blocked by a pin of the pendulum when the latter is in position of rest, and said pin extends in a window of the sensor lever. 26. A belt tightener according to claim 24, characterized in that a second two-armed lever has one arm that is provded with a hooklike projection, which engages the other arm of the first-mentioned two-armed lever, and the other arm of the second two-armed lever is provided with a pin, which extends into a window that is formed in the pendulum.
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