초록 ▼

Emulsifiers are disclosed which comprise the reaction product of component (I) with component (II). Component (I) comprises the reaction product of certain carboxylic acids or anhydrides, or ester or amide derivatives thereof, with ammonia, at least one amine, at least one alkali and/or at least one

Emulsifiers are disclosed which comprise the reaction product of component (I) with component (II). Component (I) comprises the reaction product of certain carboxylic acids or anhydrides, or ester or amide derivatives thereof, with ammonia, at least one amine, at least one alkali and/or at least one alkaline-earth metal. Component (II) comprises certain phosphorous-containing acids; or metal salts of said phosphorous-containing acids, the metals being selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, chromium, manganese, iron, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, copper, silver zinc, cadmium, aluminum, tin, lead, and mixtures of two or more thereof. These emulsifiers are useful in water-in-oil explosive emulsions.

대표청구항 ▼

An explosive emulsion comprising a discontinuous oxidizer phase comprising at least one oxygen-supplying component, a continuous organic phase comprising at least one carbonaceous fuel, and an emulsifying amount of a composition comprising the reaction product of component (I) with component (II); c

An explosive emulsion comprising a discontinuous oxidizer phase comprising at least one oxygen-supplying component, a continuous organic phase comprising at least one carbonaceous fuel, and an emulsifying amount of a composition comprising the reaction product of component (I) with component (II); component (I) comprising: (A) the reaction product of (A)(i) at least one carboxylic acid or anhydride, or ester or amide derived from said acid or anhydride, with (A)(ii) ammonia, at least one amine, at least one alkali metal and/or at least one alkaline-earth metal; or (B) a composition comprising (B)(i) the reaction product of (B)(i)(a) at least one high-molecular weight hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, or ester or amide derived form said high-molecular weight acid or anhydride, with (B)(i)(b) ammonia, at least one amine, at least one alkali metal and/or at least one alkaline-earth metal, component (B)(i)(a) having at least one hydrocarbyl substituent having an average of about 20 to about 500 carbon atoms; and (B)(ii) the reaction product of (B)(ii)(a) at least one low-molecular weight carboxylic acid or anhydride, or ester or amide derived from said low-molecular weight acid or anhydride, with (B)(ii)(b) ammonia, at least one amine, at least one alkali metal and/or at least one alkaline-earth metal, component (B)(ii)(a) optionally having at least one hydrocarbyl substituent having an average of up to about 18 carbon atoms; or (C) a composition comprising (C)(i) the reaction product of (C)(i)(a) at least one high-molecular weight hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid or anhydride, or ester or amide derived from said high-molecular weight polycarboxylic acid or anhydride, with (C)(i)(b) ammonia, at least one amine, at least one alkali metal and/or at least one alkaline-earth metal, component (C)(i)(a) having at least one hydrocarbyl substituent having an average of about 20 to about 500 carbon atoms; and (C)(ii) the reaction product of (C)(ii) (a) at least one low-molecular weight polycarboxylic acid or anhydride, or ester or amide derived from said low-molecular weight polycarboxylic acid or anhydride, with (C)(ii)(b) ammonia, at least one amine, at least one alkali metal and/or at least one alkaline-earth metal, component (C)(ii)(a) optionally having at least one hydrocarbyl substituent having an average of up to about 18 carbon atoms; said components (C)(i) and (C)(ii) being couples together by (C)(iii) at least one compound having (C)(iii)(a) two or more primary amino groups, (C)(iii)(b) two or more secondary amino groups, (C)(iii)(c) at least one primary amino group and at least one secondary amino group, (C)(iii)(d) at least two hydroxyl groups, or (C)(iii)(e) at least one primary or secondary amino group and at least one hydroxyl group; or (D) mixture of two or more of (A), (B) and (C); component (II) comprising: (A′) at least one phosphorous-containing acid represented by the formula [Figure] wherein X1, X2, X3 and X4 are independently oxygen or sulfur; a and b are independently zero or one, and R1 and R2 are independently hydrocarbyl groups; or (B′) at least one salt derived from said phosphorous-containing acid (A′) and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, chromium, manganese, iron, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, copper, silver, zinc, cadmium, aluminum, tin, lead, and mixtures of two or more thereof; or (C′) mixture of (A′) and (B′); with the proviso that when component (II) is (A′), component (I) is (B), (C) or a mixture of (B) and (C).