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An elongated multi-layered structure including multiple symmetrical two-sided fuel cells is made by a low-cost continuous process. Each cell assembly derived from the structure comprises two basis cells having a common positive electrode. By rolling each cell assembly into a spiral, a compact packag

An elongated multi-layered structure including multiple symmetrical two-sided fuel cells is made by a low-cost continuous process. Each cell assembly derived from the structure comprises two basis cells having a common positive electrode. By rolling each cell assembly into a spiral, a compact package having two cells connected in parallel and characterized by a relatively large current capabilty is realized. In the spiral package, conductive corrugations are utilized between adjacent surfaces of the rolled assembly to ensure that a fuel/oxidizer mixture can access permeable electrodes formed on the respective surfaces of the assembly.

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A continuous method for fabricating an elongated assembly from which multiple individual fuel cell assemblies are made, comprising the steps of simultaneously forming on the respective surfaces of an elongated carrier element electrodes that are impermeable to a fuel and an oxidizer, simultaneously

A continuous method for fabricating an elongated assembly from which multiple individual fuel cell assemblies are made, comprising the steps of simultaneously forming on the respective surfaces of an elongated carrier element electrodes that are impermeable to a fuel and an oxidizer, simultaneously forming on the respective surfaces of said electrodes solid-electrolyte layers that consist essentially of an electronically insulating material that is also ionically conducting to at least a first ionic species and which material is permeable to the fuel, to the oxidizer and to the products of electrochemical reactions of the fuel and oxidizer, and simultaneously forming on the respective surfaces of said solid-electrolyte layers electrodes that are permeable to the fuel and the oxidizer.