[특허]Electrodialysis including filled cell electrodialysis (electrodeionization)

Electrodialysis including filled cell electrodialysis (electrodeionization) 원문보기

IPC분류정보
국가/구분	United States(US) Patent 등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)	B01D-061/48
출원번호	US-0233092 (1994-04-25)
발명자 / 주소	Elyanow Irving D. (Lexington MA) Goldstein Arthur L. (Weston MA) MacDonald Russell J. (Wilmington MA) McRae Wayne A. (Mannedorf MA CHX) Sims Keith J. (Wayland MA) Zhang Li (Acton MA)
출원인 / 주소	Ionics Incorporated (Watertown MA 02)
인용정보	피인용 횟수 : 65 인용 특허 : 0

초록 ▼

Electrodialysis (“ED”) stacks are disclosed having components selected from the group: a) cation exchange (“CX”) membranes and/or CX granules having in at least a surface a predominant amount of sulfonate exchange groups and a minor amount of weakly ionized exchange groups; b) anion exchange (“AX”) membranes and/or AX granules having in at least a surface substantially only quaternary ammonium and/or phosphonium exchange groups which upon decomposition leave almost no amine or phosphine groups bound to the membranes or granules; c) AX and/or CX granules which are selective to monovalent ions at currents which are fractions of the limiting current of such granules; d) AX and/or CX membranes and granules, such membranes and granules selective to monovalent ions at currents which are fractions of the limiting current of such membranes and granules; e) ion exchange (“IX”) granules in which the concentration of IX groups in the inner regions is a fraction (including zero) of the concentration in the outer regions; f) AX membranes and/or granules having in at least a surface AX groups having the formula [Figure] where the R\s represent substituents other than hydroxyethyl having at least two carbon atoms, at least one of the R\s represents the polymeric structure of such membranes or granules, or a connection thereto, where two or more R\s may represent ring structures and A represents nitrogen or phosphorus. Also disclosed are processes for softening, de-nitrating, de-silicizing or demineralizing water or for removing ash from milk products.

대표청구항 ▼

An electrodialysis stack comprising one or more components selected from the group consisting of: (a) cation exchange membranes comprising as exchange groups, in at least the surface portions of the membranes which surface portions contact the fluid in the diluting compartments of said stack, a predominant amount of sulfonic acid moieties and a minor amount of weakly acid and/or weakly basic moieties; (b) anion exchange membranes comprising as exchange groups in at least the surface portions of the membranes which surface portions contact the fluid in the diluting compartments of said stack, substantially only quaternary ammonium and/or phosphonium groups and substantially no primary, secondary and/or tertiary amine and/or phosphine groups and in which solvolytic and/or Lewis base decomposition of said quaternary ammonium and/or phosphonium groups leaves substantially no primary, secondary and/or tertiary amine and/or phosphine groups bound to said membranes in at least said surface portions thereof; (c) as a packing in at least some of the dilute compartments of said stack, ion exchange granules comprising in whole or in part anion exchange granules which are selective to nitrate and/or chloride ions compared to sulfate ions in dilute solutions during electrodialysis at current densities substantially less than the limiting current density of said anion exchange granules in said dilute compartments; (d) as a packing in at least some of the dilute compartments of said stack, ion exchange granules comprising in whole or in part cation exchange granules which are selective to sodium ions compared to calcium ions in dilute solutions during electrodialysis at current densities substantially less than the limiting current density of said cation exchange granules in said dilute compartments; (e) anion exchange membranes which are selective to nitrate and/or chloride ions compared to sulfate ions in dilute solutions during electrodialysis at current densities substantially less than the limiting current density of said anion exchange membranes and as a packing in at least some of the dilute compartments of said stack, ion exchange granules comprising in whole or in part anion exchange granules which are selective to nitrate and/or chloride ions compared to sulfate ions in dilute solutions during electrodialysis at current densities substantially less than the limiting current density of said anion exchange granules in said dilute compartments; (f) cation exchange membranes which are selective to sodium ions compared to calcium ions in dilute solutions during electrodialysis at current densities substantially less than the limiting current density of said cation exchange membranes and as a packing in at least some of the dilute compartments of said stack, ion exchange granules comprising in whole or in part cation exchange granules which are selective to sodium ions compared to calcium ions in dilute solutions during electrodialysis at current densities substantially less than the limiting current density of said cation exchange granules in said dilute compartments; (g) as a packing in at least some of the dilute compartments of said stack, ion exchange granules comprising in whole or in part cation exchange granules comprising as exchange groups in at least the surface portions thereof a predominant amount of sulfonic acid moieties and a minor amount of weakly acid and/or weakly basic moieties; (h) as a packing in at least some of the dilute compartments of said stack, ion exchange granules comprising in whole or in part ion exchange granules in which the concentration of ion exchange moieties is substantially greater in the outer regions of said granules than in the inner regions; (i) as a packing in at least some of the dilute compartments of said stack, anion exchange granules wherein the exchange groups which are in at least the surface portions of said anion exchange granules comprise substantially only quaternary ammonium and/or quaternary phosphonium groups and substantially no primary, secondary and/or tertiary amine and/or phosphine groups and in which solvolytic and/or Lewis base decomposition of said quaternary ammonium and/or quaternary phosphonium groups leaves substantially no primary, secondary and/or tertiary amine and/or phosphine groups bound in said surface portions to said granules; (j) anion exchange membranes having as anion exchange groups, in at least the surface portions of said membranes which surface portions contact the fluid in the diluting compartments of said stack, moieties having the formulas: [Figure] where R1, R2, R3 and R4 may or may not be the same and represent substituents other than ethanol each having at least two carbon atoms and where at least one of R1, R2, R3 and R4 represents the polymeric structure of said membranes or an organic tether to said polymeric structure and where two or more of R1, R2, R3 and R4 may represent saturated or unsaturated rings.

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IPC	Description
A	생활필수품
A62	인명구조; 소방(사다리 E06C)
A62B	인명구조용의 기구, 장치 또는 방법(특히 의료용에 사용되는 밸브 A61M 39/00; 특히 물에서 쓰이는 인명구조 장치 또는 방법 B63C 9/00; 잠수장비 B63C 11/00; 특히 항공기에 쓰는 것, 예. 낙하산, 투출좌석 B64D; 특히 광산에서 쓰이는 구조장치 E21F 11/00)
A62B-1/08	.. 윈치 또는 풀리에 제동기구가 있는 것

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연합인증

Electrodialysis including filled cell electrodialysis (electrodeionization) 원문보기

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Electrodialysis including filled cell electrodialysis (electrodeionization) 원문보기

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