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A battery management system 100 comprises input means 102 for receiving input signals, such as current or voltage, which represent a physical quantity of a battery. In operation, processing means 105 of the battery management system 100 calculate a physical quantity of the battery, such as the State

A battery management system 100 comprises input means 102 for receiving input signals, such as current or voltage, which represent a physical quantity of a battery. In operation, processing means 105 of the battery management system 100 calculate a physical quantity of the battery, such as the State of Charge, based on the input signals by using an electrochemical/physical model of the battery. The model includes a representation of a main electrochemical storage reaction, whose behaviour is calculated in dependence on a battery temperature. The processing means 105 calculates the battery temperature based on a temperature model of a temperature development in the battery. The battery management system 100 comprises output means 104 for outputting an output signal which is derived from a state of the electrochemical storage reaction. The battery management system 100 is, advantageously, used in a smart battery 10 or a battery charger/discharger 200. The model is, advantageously, also used in a battery simulator.

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[ We claim:] [1.] A battery management system comprising:an input which receives input signals representative of a physical quantity of a battery; and aprocessor which calculates at least one physical quantity of the battery at least partially based on the input signals and a battery temperature, an

[ We claim:] [1.] A battery management system comprising:an input which receives input signals representative of a physical quantity of a battery; and aprocessor which calculates at least one physical quantity of the battery at least partially based on the input signals and a battery temperature, and generates an output signal derived from the calculated physical quantity;calculates the physical quantity based on an electrochemical/physical model of the battery; the model including at least one representation of a main electrochemical storage reaction;calculates the battery temperature based on a temperature model of a temperature development in the battery and calculates the behaviour of the representation in dependence on the calculated battery temperature; andderives the output signal at least partially from a state of the representation.