초록 ▼

The present invention is a method and apparatus (vessel) for providing a heat transfer rate from a reaction chamber through a wall to a heat transfer chamber substantially matching a local heat transfer rate of a catalytic thermal chemical reaction. The key to the invention is a thermal distance def

The present invention is a method and apparatus (vessel) for providing a heat transfer rate from a reaction chamber through a wall to a heat transfer chamber substantially matching a local heat transfer rate of a catalytic thermal chemical reaction. The key to the invention is a thermal distance defined on a cross sectional plane through the vessel inclusive of a heat transfer chamber, reaction chamber and a wall between the chambers. The cross sectional plane is perpendicular to a bulk flow direction of the reactant stream, and the thermal distance is a distance between a coolest position and a hottest position on the cross sectional plane. The thermal distance is of a length wherein the heat transfer rate from the reaction chamber to the heat transfer chamber substantially matches the local heat transfer rate.

대표청구항 ▼

The present invention is a method and apparatus (vessel) for providing a heat transfer rate from a reaction chamber through a wall to a heat transfer chamber substantially matching a local heat transfer rate of a catalytic thermal chemical reaction. The key to the invention is a thermal distance def

The present invention is a method and apparatus (vessel) for providing a heat transfer rate from a reaction chamber through a wall to a heat transfer chamber substantially matching a local heat transfer rate of a catalytic thermal chemical reaction. The key to the invention is a thermal distance defined on a cross sectional plane through the vessel inclusive of a heat transfer chamber, reaction chamber and a wall between the chambers. The cross sectional plane is perpendicular to a bulk flow direction of the reactant stream, and the thermal distance is a distance between a coolest position and a hottest position on the cross sectional plane. The thermal distance is of a length wherein the heat transfer rate from the reaction chamber to the heat transfer chamber substantially matches the local heat transfer rate. on said liquid, the gas bubbling through the liquid in the vessel to a gas collection outlet in mechanical fluid communication with the vessel proximate a top of the vessel; and means for removing solids in suspension in said liquid following its passing through said arc, wherein said solids precipitate to the bottom of the vessel for subsequent collection, wherein the apparatus is operated at desired operating electric power settings, pressures, temperatures and flow rates so that the liquid can be one of continually circulated and exposed to the plasma and arc until converted to the combustible gas, and partially directed out of the vessel for further processing to obtain a reusable liquid, and wherein when the liquid is processed to obtain a reusable liquid, filtering means are provided for filtering the liquid following its passage through the arc, said filtering means being in fluid communication with the vessel. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the at least one pair of electrodes is made of carbon-base material. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the liquid is a bacteriologically contaminated liquid. 4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the tube is made from a heat resistant material and is positioned relative to the ends of the electrodes so as to expose said contaminated liquid to incandescent ends of said; electrodes thereby sterilizing said contaminated liquid by terminating bacteriological activity within said contaminated liquid. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the removed sterilized solids are usable as a fertilizer. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the filtered liquid is a clean and sterile water suitable for irrigation use. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: electronic means for the automatic initiation of said arc, including means for controlling the arc gap land optimization for achieving a maximal possible gap for maintaining stable voltages and amperes. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: heat exchanger means for utilizing a heat absorbed by the liquid in its passage through the arc, said heat exchanger means being in fluid communication with the metal vessel. 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said pair of electrodes has a cylindrical shape acting edgewise on the other electrode. 10. The apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising: means for rotating said at least one cylindrical electrode. 11. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: copper means for holding said at least one pair of electrodes, said copper means sealingly protruding said metal vessel. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising: means for delivering an electric current to said copper means protruding outside said metal vessel and holding said at least one pair of electrodes so as to create an electric arc between the at least one pair of electrodes with minimal dissipation of electric power. 13. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein following the passage of said liquid through the arc, the solids precipitate to a bottom of the metal vessel for removal by the means for removing said solids. 14. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a number of the at least one pair of electrodes is made of coal. 15. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the liquid is crude oil. 16. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the liquid is water. 17. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the liquid is seawater. 18. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the produced combustible gas comprises: atoms of gaseous substances and molecules thereof, including hydrogen, oxygen and carbon. 19. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the combustible gas composes, by volume: about 50% hydrogen and about 50% carbon monoxide, including traces of carbon dioxide and oxygen. 20. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein a combustion exhaust of the combustible gas, produced comprises, by volume: about 60% water vapor, about 15% oxygen, about 15% carbon in solid form, about 5% carbon dioxide, and the rest being general atmospheric gases. 21. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electric arc is contained within the tube, the tube having an ellipsoidal sectional area corresponding to an approximate shape of a plasma formed by the electric arc, thereby ensuring the flow of the liquid through the plasma adjacent the electrode tips generating the electric arc and subsequently through a gap between the electrode tips. 22. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electrodes are gear-driven toward the electric arc by power assisted, toothed gears acting with pressure against the electrodes due to counter-balancing insulating idle rollers. 23. The apparatus according to claims 1, wherein the electrodes are gear-driven toward the electric arc by submerged, power assisted, toothed gears acting with pressure against the electrodes, due to a counter-balancing conducting bushing carrying one of the electrodes, and placed substantially near the electric arc. 24. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when there are more than one pair of electrodes, the pairs of electrodes and electric arcs are in series. 25. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when there are more than one pair of electrodes, the pairs of electrodes and electric arcs are in parallel. 26. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: at least one pump for the continuous recirculation of the liquid through the electric arc. 27. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: means for the utilization of the combustible gas produced, including a gas stabilization tank positioned above a top level of said liquid. 28. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the heat absorbed by the liquid is usable by pumping said liquid through an external radiator in fluid communication with the metal vessel. 29. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the heat absorbed by the liquid is usable by pumping said liquid through one of an external and internal heat exchanger in fluid communication with the metal vessel. 30. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the heat absorbed is usable for the desalinization of sea water via evaporation means in fluid communication with the metal vessel. 31. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the combustible gas is emmited into a stabilization tank positioned on a top of the metal vessel having an opening for mutual communication between the stabilization tank and the metal vessel, so as to permit the settling down of the liquid trapped in the combustible gas and its return to the metal vessel. 32. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: gas filter means in fluid communication with the metal vessel for filtering and removing solid and liquid particulates in the combustible gas prior to its release for use. 33. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a degaussing station in fluid communication with the metal vessel for further processing of said liquid after said liquid passes through the electric arc. 34. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a centrifuge in fluid communication with the metal vessel for the removal of solid components in the recycled liquid. 35. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the arc is created by a continuous current. 36. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the arc is created by an alternating current. 37. The apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising: means for extruding the least one carbon-base electrode from a carbon-base powder and a bonding agent thereby providing continuous use. 38. A method for producing a clean combustible gas from the recycling of a liquid, the method comprising: providing a pressure resistant metal vessel; providing means for generating