초록 ▼

A remote monitoring system includes transducers, a transducer control module, a communications device, a monitoring system and end-user display terminals. The transducers are disposed on the property and/or equipment in a manner to measure specific characteristics or parameters and communicate with

A remote monitoring system includes transducers, a transducer control module, a communications device, a monitoring system and end-user display terminals. The transducers are disposed on the property and/or equipment in a manner to measure specific characteristics or parameters and communicate with the transducer control module via a wireless communication protocol. The transducer control module receives and analyzes transducer measurements and detects alarm conditions. The transducer control module communicates with the monitoring system via a wide area network and the communications device. The monitoring system receives, stores and analyzes information received from the transducer control module and reports the information to the end-user terminals via a wide area network, such as the Internet, in response to user requests.

대표청구항 ▼

A remote monitoring system includes transducers, a transducer control module, a communications device, a monitoring system and end-user display terminals. The transducers are disposed on the property and/or equipment in a manner to measure specific characteristics or parameters and communicate with

A remote monitoring system includes transducers, a transducer control module, a communications device, a monitoring system and end-user display terminals. The transducers are disposed on the property and/or equipment in a manner to measure specific characteristics or parameters and communicate with the transducer control module via a wireless communication protocol. The transducer control module receives and analyzes transducer measurements and detects alarm conditions. The transducer control module communicates with the monitoring system via a wide area network and the communications device. 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This paper includes an appendix containing an internal memo of Bell Labs, which according to the authors of the paper, was dated Sep. 1994. id training means includes a processor for calculating said parameters from said plurality of said templates and kernels, said parameters being intervals of values that relate to an image characteristic of said templates. 4. The system of claim 1 wherein said training means includes a kernel selector and a template selector, said kernel and templates selectors being configured to select said kernels and said templates, respectively. 5. The system of claim 4 wherein said kernel selector of said training means is configured to select one of universal kernels and customized kernels, said universal kernels being independent of said templates, said customized kernels being dependent on said templates. 6. The system of claim 4 wherein said template selector of said training means is configured to select one of kernel-dependent templates and kernel-independent templates. 7. The system of claim 1 wherein said detecting means includes a linear match filter that operates to perform a convolution on said input image to produce projection values, said projection values being used to determine whether a particular portion of said input image is a template match candidate, said template match candidate being a portion of said input image that is preliminarily determined to correlate with one of said templates of said restricted-document image. 8. The system of claim 7 wherein said detecting means further includes a thresholder, said thresholder being configured to compare an image characteristic value of said particular portion of said input image with a corresponding parameter derived by said training means, said image characteristic value being related to said projection values produced by said linear match filter. 9. The system of claim 1 wherein said host apparatus being one of a copy machine, a scanner, a printer and a computer, said input image being a scanned image of a document generated by said host apparatus. 10. A method of detecting counterfeiting activities comprising steps of: receiving an input image; projecting portions of said input image with predefined kernels to produce projection values relating to at least one image characteristic, said predefined kernels having a rotation-invariant convolution property; thresholding said projection values with predefined values that relate to said at least one image characteristic of a restricted-document image, so as to select template match candidates from said portions of said input image, said template match candidates being image portions of said input image that resemble at least one of templates of said restricted-document image; comparing relative positions of said template match candidates in said input image with relative positions of corresponding templates in said restricted-document image to determine whether said input image is a duplicate of said restricted-document image; and transmitting a signal when a determination is made that said input image is a duplicate of said restricted-document image. 11. The method of claim 10 further comprising steps of: selecting said predefined kernels having said rotation-invariant convolution property; selecting said templates extracted from said restricted-document image; and computing said predefined values from said kernels and said templates. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein said step of selecting said predefined kernels includes a step of computing universal kernels, said universal kernels being independent of said templates. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein said step of selecting said templates includes a step of extracting said templates from said restricted-document image that are dependent on said predefined kernels. 14. The method of claim 11 wherein said step of computing said predefined values includes a step of defining an interval of values that relate to said at least one image characteristic of said templates of said restricted document. 15. The method of claim 10 further comprising a step of execut ing a preventive action in response to said signal in order to prevent counterfeiting of said restricted document. 16. A method of detecting counterfeiting activities comprising steps of: deriving parameters from a plurality of templates and a plurality of kernels, said templates being selected portions of a restricted document that is to be protected from counterfeiting, said kernels having a rotation-invariant convolution characteristic; and determining whether an input image closely resembles said restricted document by correlating portions of said input image with said templates of said restricted document using said kernels to derive projection values, including comparing said projection values with said parameters, said comparison of said projection values with said parameters being a factor for said determination of whether said input image closely resembles said restricted document, said determining including geometrically comparing relative positions of template match candidates in said input image with relative positions of said templates in said restricted document, each of said template match candidates being a particular portion of said input image that is preliminarily determined to correlate with one of said templates of said restricted document. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein said step of deriving said parameters includes a step of defining at least one interval of values that relates to an image characteristic of said templates of said restricted document. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein said step of defining said at least one interval is a step of defining said values so as to relate to color, intensity and angular orientation. 19. The method of claim 17 wherein said step of comparing said projection values includes a step of thresholding an image characteristic value with said interval, said image characteristic value being related to said projection values derived from said portions of said input image. 20. The method of claim 16 further comprising steps of: selecting said kernels that are used in said step of deriving said parameters; and selecting said templates that are used with said kernels in said step of deriving said parameters. 21. The method of claim 20 wherein said step of selecting said kernels includes a step of computing said kernels of a particular type selected from a group consisting of universal kernel and customized kernel, said universal kernels being independent of said templates, said customized kernels being dependent on said templates. 22. The method of claim 20 wherein said step of selecting said templates includes a step of extracting said templates from said restricted document, said templates being of a type selected from a group consisting of kernel-dependent templates and kernel-independent templates. 23. The method of claim 16 further comprising a step of transmitting a signal to a destination in response to a determination that said input image closely resembles said restricted document in order to prevent counterfeiting of said restricted document. 24. The method of claim 16 wherein said step of determining whether said input image closely resembles said restricted document is executed within an apparatus, said apparatus being one of a copy machine, a scanner, a printer and a computer. ed to group candidate object of interest pixels together into groups which are compared to blob parameters to identify candidate objects of interest which correspond to cells or other structures relevant to medical diagnosis of the biological specimen. The location coordinates of the objects of interest are stored and additional images of the candidate cell objects are acquired at high magnification. The high magnification images are analyzed in the same manner as the low magnification images to confirm the candidate objects of interest which are objects of interest. A high magnification image of each confirmed object of interest is stored for later review and evaluation by a pathologist. substantially perpendicular to the path of said optical signal. 8. An optical apparatus with arbitrarily low polarization mode dispersion, the optical apparatus comprising: one or more optical devices; and a tunable module in optical communication with said one or more optical devices, said tunable module comprising at least two optical elements, wherein at least one of said optical elements is a movable element such that an optical path length of an optical signal traversing through said module can be varied. 9. The optical apparatus of claim 8 wherein said one or more optical devices comprise an optical isolator. 10. The optical apparatus of claim 8 wherein said one or more optical devices comprise an optical circulator. 11. The optical apparatus of claim 8 where said one or more optical elements comprise birefrigent materials. 12. The optical apparatus of claim 11 wherein said birefrigent materials include calcite, rutile, lithium niobate, and YVO4based crystals. 13. The optical apparatus of claim 8 wherein said at least two optical elements are adjacent to each other. 14. The optical apparatus of claim 8 wherein said movable element is tapered. 15. The optical apparatus of claim 8 wherein said movable element is configured to have a gradient of index of refraction along a direction substantially perpendicular to the path of said optical signal. 16. The optical apparatus of claim 15 wherein said movable element comprises a stack of birefrigent materials with varying indices of refraction along a direction perpendicular to the path of said optical signal. 17. An optical apparatus for optical fibers comprising: a Faraday rotator disposed between a first polarizer and a second polarizer along an optical path, wherein said first polarizer and said second polarizer are arranged such that any light traveling from said second polarizer to said first polarizer will be effectively blocked; and a tunable module disposed in said optical path on either side of said Faraday rotator, comprising at least two optical elements, wherein at least one of said optical elements is a movable element such that an optical path length of an optical signal traversing through said module can be varied. 18. The optical apparatus of claim 17 wherein said first polarizer comprises a birefrigent material selected from the group consisting of calcite, rutile, lithium niobate, and YVO4based crystals. 19. The optical apparatus of claim 17 wherein said second polarizer comprises a birefrigent material selected from the group consisting of calcite, rutile, lithium niobate, and YVO4based crystals. 20. The optical apparatus of claim 17 wherein said one or more optical elements comprise one or more birefrigent materials selected from the group consisting of calcite, rutile, lithium niobate, and YVO4based crystals. 21. The optical apparatus of claim 17 wherein said first polarizer, said second polarizer, and said tunable module are formed from the same birefrigent material selected from the group consisting of calcite, rutile, lithium niobate, and YVO4based crystals. 22. The optical apparatus of claim 17 wherein said at least two optical elements are adjacent to each other. 23. The optical apparatus of claim 17 wherein said movable element is tapered. 24. The optical apparatus of claim 17 wherein said movable element is configured to have a gradient of index of refraction along a direction substantially perpendicular to the path of said optical signal. 25. The optical apparatus of claim 24 wherein said movable element comprises a stack of birefrigent materials with varying indices of refraction along a direction substantially perpendicular to the path of said optical signal. 26. The optical apparatus of claim 17 wherein said tunable module is disposed on the right side of said Faraday rotator. 27. The optical apparatus of claim 17 wherein said tunable module is disposed on the left side of said Far aday rotator. 28. The optical apparatus of claim 17 wherein said second polarizer is disposed between said Faraday rotator and said tunable module. 29. The optical apparatus of claim 17 wherein said first polarizer is disposed between said tunable module and said Faraday rotator. 30. The optical apparatus of claim 17 wherein said Faraday rotator is a 45° Faraday rotator, and wherein said first polarizer and said second polarizer are birefrigent polarizers, arranged such that an optical axis of said second polarizer is oriented at 45° relative to an optical axis of said first polarizer. 31. The optical apparatus of claim 17 is further disposed between a first optical transmission assembly and a second optical transmission assembly. 32. The optical apparatus of claim 31 wherein said first optical transmission assembly comprises an optical fiber and a GRIN lens. 33. The optical apparatus of claim 31 wherein said second optical transmission assembly comprises an optical fiber and a GRIN lens. 34. An optical apparatus for optical fibers comprising: a) a Faraday rotator disposed between a first polarizer and a second polarizer along an optical path, wherein said first polarizer and said second polarizer are arranged such that any light traveling from said second polarizer to said first polarizer will be effectively blocked, and wherein at least one of said polarizers is a movable polarizer such that an optical path length of an optical signal traversing through said movable polarizer can be varied; and b) a compensation plate disposed in said optical path on either side of said Faraday rotator. 35. The optical apparatus of claim 34 wherein said first polarizer comprises a birefrigent material selected from the group consisting of calcite, rutile, lithium niobate, and YVO4based crystals. 36. The optical apparatus of claim 34 wherein said first polarizer is tapered. 37. The optical apparatus of claim 34 wherein said second polarizer comprises a birefrigent material selected from the group consisting of calcite, rutile, lithium niobate, and YVO4based crystals. 38. The optical apparatus of claim 34 wherein said second polarizer is tapered. 39. The optical apparatus of claim 34 wherein said compensation plate comprises a birefrigent material selected from the group consisting of calcite, rutile, lithium niobate, and YVO4based crystals. 40. The optical apparatus of claim 34 wherein said first polarizer, said second polarizer, and said compensation plate are formed from the same birefrigent material selected from the group consisting of calcite, rutile, lithium niobate, and YVO4based crystals. 41. The optical apparatus of claim 34 wherein said compensation plate has a predetermined thickness along the path of said optical signal. 42. A method for tuning an optical apparatus, comprising: a) disposing an optical device in the path of an optical signal; b) disposing a tunable module comprising at least two optical elements in the path of said optical signal, wherein at least one of said optical elements is a movable element such that an optical path length of said optical signal traversing through said module can be varied; and c) adjusting the position of said movable element so to vary said optical path length of said optical signal, while monitoring a characteristic of said optical signal using a detection means, until said characteristic falls within a predetermined range, wherein said characteristic of said optical signal is polarization mode dispersion. 43. The method of claim 42 wherein said optical device is an optical isolator. 44. The method of claim 42 wherein said optical device is an optical circulator. 45. The method of claim 42 wherein said one or more optical elements comprise birefrigent materials. 46. The method of claim 45 wherein said birefrigent materials include calcite, rutile, lithium niobate, and YVO4based crystals. 47. The method of claim 42 wherei