초록 ▼

A pressure vessel designed to hold a plurality of cylindrical cartridges in the form of cross-flow semipermeable membrane filtration elements having central permeate tubes that are interconnected to form a composite permeate passageway that extends axially of the pressure vessel. Several constructio

A pressure vessel designed to hold a plurality of cylindrical cartridges in the form of cross-flow semipermeable membrane filtration elements having central permeate tubes that are interconnected to form a composite permeate passageway that extends axially of the pressure vessel. Several constructions are shown for compensating for assembly clearance and potential pressure vessel growth and uniquely biasing the column of cartridges towards the downstream end of the pressure vessel to prevent axial shuttling movement that could cause wear and deterioration of seals which would result in leakage and deterioration of product while providing for absorption of shock potentially promulgated from the downstream end should feed pressure be suddenly lost.

대표청구항 ▼

A pressure vessel designed to hold a plurality of cylindrical cartridges in the form of cross-flow semipermeable membrane filtration elements having central permeate tubes that are interconnected to form a composite permeate passageway that extends axially of the pressure vessel. Several constructio

A pressure vessel designed to hold a plurality of cylindrical cartridges in the form of cross-flow semipermeable membrane filtration elements having central permeate tubes that are interconnected to form a composite permeate passageway that extends axially of the pressure vessel. Several constructions are shown for compensating for assembly clearance and potential pressure vessel growth and uniquely biasing the column of cartridges towards the downstream end of the pressure vessel to prevent axial shuttling movement that could cause wear and deterioration of seals which would result in leakage and deterioration of product while providing for absorption of shock potentially promulgated from the downstream end should feed pressure be suddenly lost. oltage pulse. 4. The process of claim 2, further including prior to step (a): circulating a preconditioning solution including buffers and wetting agents; passing a sample of the preconditioning solution into the chamber; and pulsing voltages between the working and counter electrodes which electrochemically remove residues from the working electrode. 5. The process of claim 2, further including, prior to step (c): adjusting the temperature of the sample to a preselected temperature. 6. The process of claim 2, wherein step (b) includes: flushing the chamber with the decontaminant solution. 7. The process of claim 2, wherein step (c) includes: selecting the voltage in the diffusion limiting range. 8. The process of claim 2, wherein step (d) includes: measuring the current generated at about ten to fifteen seconds after the start of a voltage pulse. 9. The process of claim 2, wherein step c) includes: pulsing the voltage at a rate of about 25 pulses/second. 10. The process of claim 2, further including, after step (d): signaling an indication of the current measured to a control system, which, in the event that the current measured is below a predetermined minimum level, conducts at least one of the following steps: aborting the decontamination process; extending the time of the decontamination process to compensate for the peroxyacetic acid concentration; controlling the addition of additional peroxyacetic acid to the circulating decontaminant solution; and providing a signal which indicates that the peroxyacetic acid concentration is below the predetermined minimum level. 11. A decontamination process comprising: (a) circulating a decontaminant solution which includes peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide through a treatment vessel which contains items to be decontaminated; (b) withdrawing a sample of the decontaminant solution containing peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide from the vessel and bringing it into contact with a working electrode and a counter electrode; (c) bringing the sample to a quiescent state; (d) pulsing a voltage of -1.2 to -1.6 volts, relative to a silver/silver chloride reference electrode, to the working electrode, the voltage being selected such that an output current generated is correlated directly to a concentration of the peroxyacetic acid in the sample and substantially independent of a concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the sample; and (e) measuring the current generated. 12. A method of detecting a first oxidizing species in a solution which also contains a second oxidizing species, the method comprising: disposing a carbon working electrode and a counter electrode in the solution to be tested; pulsing a read voltage in the diffusion limiting range to the working electrode of from -1.2 to -1.6 volts so that the current flows between the working electrode and the counter electrode; and detecting current flowing between the working electrode and the counter electrode, the read voltage being selected such that the current flowing is substantially dependent on a concentration of the first oxidizing species and substantially independent of a concentration of the second oxidizing species in the solution. 13. The method of claim 12, further including: converting the detected current flow into an indication of the concentration of the first oxidizing species in the solution. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the read voltage is selected such that a contribution of the first oxidizing species to the current flowing is at least ten times that of an equivalent concentration of the second oxidizing species. 15. The method of claim 12, further including: detecting a temperature of the solution adjacent the electrodes; and correcting the detected current flowing for a difference between the detected temperature and a preselected temperature. 16. The method of claim 12, further including: increasing the first oxidizing specie