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The present invention firstly provides a novel olefin/styrene/diene type cross-copolymer having excellent physical properties and mechanical properties, and a novel, efficient and economically excellent process for its production. Further, it provides an efficient and economically excellent process

The present invention firstly provides a novel olefin/styrene/diene type cross-copolymer having excellent physical properties and mechanical properties, and a novel, efficient and economically excellent process for its production. Further, it provides an efficient and economically excellent process for producing various cross-copolymers such as an olefin/diene type cross-copolymer. The present invention secondly provides various resin compositions or processed products containing cross-copolymers, having problems of various conventional resin compositions or processed products solved and improved, as applications of cross-copolymers of the present invention.

대표청구항 ▼

The present invention firstly provides a novel olefin/styrene/diene type cross-copolymer having excellent physical properties and mechanical properties, and a novel, efficient and economically excellent process for its production. Further, it provides an efficient and economically excellent process

The present invention firstly provides a novel olefin/styrene/diene type cross-copolymer having excellent physical properties and mechanical properties, and a novel, efficient and economically excellent process for its production. Further, it provides an efficient and economically excellent process for producing various cross-copolymers such as an olefin/diene type cross-copolymer. The present invention secondly provides various resin compositions or processed products containing cross-copolymers, having problems of various conventional resin compositions or processed products solved and improved, as applications of cross-copolymers of the present invention. ed by: (a) from 35 to 45%, by moles of ethylene, (b) from 55 to 65% by moles of a fluorinated monomer selected from tetrafluoroethylene, chloro-trifluoroethylene, or mixtures thereof, (c) from 3.5 to 11.5% by moles, with respect to the total amount of monomers (a) and (b), of a hydrogenated monomer of formula (I). 3. Membranes according to claim 1, wherein the comonomers (c) are selected from the following classes: 1) Acrylic monomers having general formula: CH2=CH--CO--O--R2 wherein R2has the above meaning; 2) Vinylether monomers having general formula: CH2=CH--O--R2 wherein R2has the above meaning; 3) Vinyl esters of the carboxylic acid having general formula: CH2=CH--O--CO--R2 wherein R2has the above meaning; and 4) Unsaturated carboxylic acids having general formula: CH2=CH=(CH2)n--COOH wherein n has the above meaning. 4. Membranes according to claim 3, wherein the comonomers (c) are the acrylic ones of class 1). 5. A process for preparing the membranes of claim 1, starting from the semi-crystalline fluoropolymers by their plasticization with plasticizers until a solution is obtained which is subsequently formed in a membrane and from which the plasticizers are then extracted. 6. A process according to claim 5, wherein the solution of fluoropolymers with one or more plasticizers is obtained at a temperature from 140° C. to 195° C. 7. A process according to claim 5, wherein the used plasticizers have a vapour pressure lower than 5 mm Hg at the temperature of 160° C. 8. A process according to claim 5, wherein the amount of plasticizers ranges between 10% and 70% by weight with respect to the fluoropolymer. 9. A process according to claim 5, wherein hydrogenated plasticizers are used. 10. A process according to claim 9, wherein the plasticizers are selected from citrates, phthalates, trimellitates, adipates. 11. A process according to claim 5, wherein the extraction solvents are selected from the solvents wherein the plasticizer is soluble, but which are not compatible with the fluoropolymer so as not to cause the swelling thereof. 12. A process according to claim 11, wherein the solvents are selected from aliphatic alcohols. 13. A process according to claim 12, wherein the solvents are methanol and isopropanol. 14. The semipermeable porous membrane of claim 1, wherein said membrane has an average pore diameter in the range of 0.1-0.7 μm, and wherein said membrane comprises 35 to 55% by moles of ethylene, 45 to 65% by moles of a fluorinated monomer selected from tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, or mixtures thereof, 1 to 15% by moles, with respect to the total amount of monomers (a) and (b), of a hydrogenated monomer of formula (I); and wherein R2of said formula (I) contains heteroatoms and said heteroatoms are O or N, and wherein R2also contains one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of OH, COOH, epoxy, ester and ether group. 15. The process according to claim 6, wherein the temperature is 160° C. to 180° C. 16. The process according to claim 7, wherein the vapour pressure is lower than 2 mm Hg. 17. The process according to claim 8, wherein the amount of plasticizers ranges between 25% and 65% by weight with respect to the fluoropolymer. 18. The process according to claim 8, wherein the amount of plasticizers ranges between 35% and 55% by weight with respect to the fluoropolymer. 19. The process according to claim 10, wherein the plasticizers are citrates and trimellitates. 20. The process according to claim 12, wherein the solvents are selected from aliphatic alcohols having a short chain of 1 to 6 carbons. te (GMS). Carbon dioxide based blowing agents are suitable. The process additive comprises a fatty acid N-aliphatic alcohol amide of the general formula R--CON(R')R". R is a fatty hydrocarbon radical having from about 8 to 30 carbons. R' typically is hydrogen. R' can also be an alkyl radical of from about 1 to 6 carbons or an alkyl alcohol radical of from about 1 to 6 carbons. R" is an alkyl alcohol fragment of from about 1 to 6 carbons. The alkyl alcohol fragments can be monohydric or polyhydric. Secondary fatty monoalkanolamides in which R' is hydrogen are particularly useful, especially stearamide monoethanolamine (MEA). The benefits of the invention can be achieved and enhanced in some examples by mixing the fatty acid N-aliphatic alcohol amide with an ester of a long chain fatty acid with a polyhydric alcohol, including GMS. Examples of fatty acid N-aliphatic alcohol amides include cocamide MEA, lauramide monoisopropylamine (MIPA), oleamide MIPA, and stearamide 2,3-propanediol. 2957, 19970900, Wright, 426/605; US-5700679, 19971200, Wright, 435/238; US-5709879, 19980100, Barchfeld et al., 424/450; US-5951988, 19990900, Littel-van den Hurk et al., 424/278.1; US-5961970, 19991000, Lowell et al., 424/093.1; US-6015832, 20000100, Baker, Jr. et al., 514/546; US-6348187, 20020200, Pan et al., 424/053; US-6361787, 20020300, Shaheen et al., 424/406 m 1, wherein the alkyl hydroxyethylcellulose is present in amounts ranging from about 0.05% to about 1% by weight. 5. The liquid pharmaceutical composition of claim 4, wherein the alkyl hydroxyethylcellulose is present in amounts ranging from 0.08% to about 0.2% by weight. 6. The liquid pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the polyhydroxy alcohol is present in amounts ranging from about 15% to about 40% by weight. 7. The liquid pharmaceutical composition of claim 6, wherein the polyhydroxy alcohol is present in amounts ranging from about 20% to about 30% by weight. 8. The liquid pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the alkyl group in alkyl hydroxy ethyl cellulose contains 2 to 10 carbon atoms. 9. The liquid pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the sweetener is a sugar alcohol or non-nutritive sweetener. 10. The liquid pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the polyhydroxy alcohol contains 2 to 6 carbon atoms and contains 2 to 6 hydroxy groups. 11. The liquid pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the polyhydroxy alcohol is a polymer having a molecular weight ranging from 200 to 2000 daltons and has a repeating unit of 2 to 6 carbon atoms and the repeating unit contains 2 to 6 hydroxy groups. 12. The liquid pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical carrier is water. 13. The liquid pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 wherein the pH of the formulation ranges from about 4.0 to about 9.0. 14. The liquid pharmaceutical composition according to claim 13 wherein the sweetener is present in an amount ranging from about 10% to about 70%. 15. The liquid pharmaceutical composition according to claim 14 wherein the sweetener is a mixture of a sugar alcohol and a non-nutritive sweetener. 16. The liquid pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 wherein the sweetener is a mixture of a sugar alcohol and a non-nutritive sweetener. 17. The liquid pharmaceutical composition according to claim 15 or 16 wherein the sugar alcohol is present in an amount ranging from about 10 to about 70% by weight and the nutritive sweetener is present in amounts ranging from about 0.1% to about 0.8% by weight. 18. The liquid pharmaceutical composition according to claim 15 or 16 wherein the sugar alcohol is xylitol. 19. The liquid pharmaceutical composition according to claim 15 or 16 wherein the non-nutritive sweetener is a saccharin salt. 20. The liquid pharmaceutical composition according to claim 15 or 16 which comprises a mineral acid and a bicarbonate salt both in sufficient amounts to maintain the pH in the range of about 4.0 to about 9.0. 21. The liquid pharmaceutical composition according to claim 20 wherein the mineral acid is hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, or sulfuric acid. 22. The liquid pharmaceutical composition according to claim 21 wherein the mineral acid is hydrochloric acid. 23. The liquid pharmaceutical composition according to claim 13 wherein the pH ranges from about 4.2 to about 7.0. 24. The liquid pharmaceutical composition according to claim 20 wherein the bicarbonate salt is potassium bicarbonate. 25. The liquid pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 or claim 15, in the form of a liquid suspension. 26. The liquid pharmaceutical composition according to claims 1 or 15 which additionally comprises another anti-hyperglycemic agent. 27. The liquid pharmaceutical composition according to claim 26, wherein the other anti-hyperglycemic agent is glyburide or glypizide. 28. The liquid pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, in the form of a liquid or a suspension comprising metformin hydrochloride, a non-nutritive sweetener, polyethylene glycol and alkyl hydroxyethylcellulose, wherein alkyl contains 2 to 12 carton atoms. 29. The liquid pharmaceutical composition according to claim 28, additionally comprising another anti-hyperglycemic agent. 30. The liquid pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claim 1 or 15 which additio nally comprises a flavoring agent, an anti-oxidant, preservative, surfactant, thickener or a chelating agent. 31. The liquid pharmaceutical composition according to claim 30 which additionally comprises another anti-hyperglycemic agent. 32. A method of treating diabetes in a subject in need of treatment comprising administering to said subject an anti-diabetic effective amount of the liquid pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 1 or 15. 33. A method of treating hyperglycemia in a subject suffering therefrom which comprises administering to said subject an anti-hyperglycemic effective amount of the liquid pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 1 or 15. 34. The liquid pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 wherein the polyhydric alcohol is a mixture of a first polyethylene glycol having a molecule weight between 200 and 1000 daltons inclusive and a second polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight between 1000 and 2000 dalton, inclusive. 35. The liquid pharmaceutical composition according to claim 34 wherein the weight ratio of the first polyethylene glycol to the second polyethylene glycol ranges from about 1.5:1 to about 4:1. 36. The liquid pharmaceutical composition according to claim 14 wherein the sweetener is present in amounts ranging from about 20% to about 60% by weight. 37. The liquid pharmaceutical composition according to claim 36 wherein the sweetener is present in amounts ranging from about 30% to about 50% by weight. 38. The liquid composition according to claim 17 wherein the weight ratio of sugar alcohol to non-nutritive sweetener ranges from about 700:1 to about 85:1. 39. The liquid composition according to claim 36 wherein the weight ratio of sugar alcohol to non-nutritive sweetener ranges from about 300:1 to about 100:1. 40. The liquid composition according to claim 36 wherein the weight ratio of sugar alcohol to non-nutritive sweetener ranges from about 200:1 to about 110:1.