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Phenolic resin polyols are disclosed. The polyols, which contain aliphatic or mixed phenolic and aliphatic hydroxyl groups, are the reaction products of aralkylated phenols or phenol aralkylation polymers with an oxyalkylating agent selected from alkylene oxides and alkylene carbonates. The phenolic

Phenolic resin polyols are disclosed. The polyols, which contain aliphatic or mixed phenolic and aliphatic hydroxyl groups, are the reaction products of aralkylated phenols or phenol aralkylation polymers with an oxyalkylating agent selected from alkylene oxides and alkylene carbonates. The phenolic resin polyols are versatile intermediates for many polymer systems, including urethanes, epoxies, alkyds, acrylates, and polyesters.

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Phenolic resin polyols are disclosed. The polyols, which contain aliphatic or mixed phenolic and aliphatic hydroxyl groups, are the reaction products of aralkylated phenols or phenol aralkylation polymers with an oxyalkylating agent selected from alkylene oxides and alkylene carbonates. The phenolic

Phenolic resin polyols are disclosed. The polyols, which contain aliphatic or mixed phenolic and aliphatic hydroxyl groups, are the reaction products of aralkylated phenols or phenol aralkylation polymers with an oxyalkylating agent selected from alkylene oxides and alkylene carbonates. The phenolic resin polyols are versatile intermediates for many polymer systems, including urethanes, epoxies, alkyds, acrylates, and polyesters. les ranging in size from about 0.01 micron to 1 micron in diameter. 13. The polymer-cement composite of claim 12 wherein the colloidal suspension comprises about 56-58 percent by weight polymer solids. 14. The polymer-cement composite of claim 1 wherein the polymer solids of the latex are selected from the group consisting of elastomeric polymers; thermoplastic polymers; and alkali-swellable latexes. 15. The polymer-cement composite of claim 14 wherein the latex is an aqueous suspension of polyacrylate polymer. 16. The polymer-cement composite of claim 14 wherein the latex is an aqueous suspension of styrene-butadiene polymer. 17. The polymer-cement composite of claim 14 wherein the latex is an aqueous suspension of styrene-acrylate polymer. 18. The polymer-cement composite of claim 1 wherein the cement is an hydraulic cement. 19. The polymer-cement composite of claim 18 wherein the hydraulic cement is selected from the group consisting of portland cement and calcium aluminate cements. 20. The polymer-cement composite of claim 19 wherein the hydraulic cement is portland cement having a particle size range from about 1 to 100 microns, with median particle sizes in the 10 to 15 micron range. 21. The polymer-cement composite of claim 1 wherein the reactive silica is selected from the group consisting of ground silica, silica fume (microsilica), precipitated silica, fly ash, and ground blast furnace slag or mixtures thereof. 22. The polymer-cement composite of claim 21 wherein the reactive silica has an average particle size range from about 0.01 to 45 microns. 23. The polymer-cement composite of claim 1 wherein the components are present in the following ratios: TBL Components Ratio1 water/cement 0.43-0.49 by weight2 water/(cement + reactive 0.30-0.34 by weight silica)3 latex solids/cement (ls/c) 0.30-0.60 by weight4 filler/cement 1.90-2.10 by weight5 reactive silica/cement 0.28-0.61 by weight6 calcia/total reactive silica 0.80-1.30 by moles. 24. The polymer-cement composite of claim 1 wherein the optional additives are selected from the group consisting of pigments and admixtures. 25. The polymer-cement composite of claim 24 wherein the admixture is an organic, water-soluble polymer useful for plasticizing. 26. The polymer-cement composite of claim 25 wherein the admixture is selected from the group consisting of salts of sulphonated napthalene formaldehyde polymers and salts of sulphonated melamine formaldehyde polymers. 27. The polymer-cement composite of claim 1 further comprising reinforcing means. 28. The polymer-cement composite of claim 27 wherein the reinforcing means are selected from the group consisting of discrete or continuous fibers and steel cloth, mesh, or rods. 29. A polymer-cement composite comprising: silica sand; latex including polymer solids; portland cement, the ratio of polymer solids in the latex to cement (ls/c) being between 0.3 and 0.6; a mixture of ground silica and precipitated silica; water; and optionally, additives. 30. The polymer-cement composite of claim 29 comprising: TBL Material Avg. Particle Size Range of Addition1 Silica Sand 130 μm 41-48 wt %2 Latex: Suspension -- 13-22 wt % (Solids) 0.2 μm (7-13 wt %)3 Portland Cement 10-15 μm 20-25 wt %4 Ground Silica 3.7 μm 5-12 wt %5 Precipitated Silica 0.015 μm 1-2 wt %6 Pigments 0.1-1.0 μm 0-1 wt %7 Admixtures -- 0-2 wt %8 Water -- 0-5 wt %. 31. The polymer-cement composite of claim 30 wherein the components are present in the following ratios: TBL Components Ratio1 water/cement 0.43-0.49 by weight2 water/(cement + reactive 0.30-0.34 by weight silica)3 latex solids/cement (ls/c) 0.30-0.60 by weig ht4 sand/cement 1.90-2.10 by weight5 reactive silica/cement 0.28-0.61 by weight6 calcia/total reactive silica 0.80-1.30 by moles. 32. A method of making a polymer-cement composite comprising the steps of: (a) dry mixing the powdered components of a polymer-cement composite having the following composition, by weight percent: 40% to 50% inert, inorganic filler material; 12% to 23% latex including polymer solids 20% to 25% cement, the ratio of polymer solids in the latex to cement (ls/c) being between 0.3 and 0.6; 7% to 13% reactive silica; optional additives; and water; (b) adding the liquid components; (c) wet mixing of the powdered and liquid components to form a green body; (d) forming the green body into the desired shape of a product; (e) curing the product; and (f) drying the product. 33. A method of making a polymer-cement composite comprising the steps of: (a) dry mixing in a high intensity mixer, until homogeneous, the powdered components of a polymer-cement composite having the following composition, by weight percent: 40% to 50% inert, inorganic filler material; 12% to 23% a latex including polymer solids 20% to 25% cement, the ratio of polymer solids in the latex to cement (ls/c) being between 0.3 and 0.6; 7% to 13% reactive silica; optional additives; and water; (b) adding the liquid components under vacuum; and (c) wet mixing the powdered and liquid components at medium intensity to form a thoroughly mixed batch of green body which is subsequently de-aired. 34. The method of claim 33 comprising the further step(s) of: (d) forming the mixed batch into the desired shape of a product. 35. The method of claim 34 wherein the step of forming the mixed batch into the desired shape is selected from the group consisting of any of the following methods: extruding, molding, pressing, vibratory casting, and centrifugal casting. 36. The method of claim 34 wherein the step of forming the mixed batch into the desired shape comprises: vacuum extruding flat sheets from the mixed batch; cutting the extruded sheets to the desired size; placing the sheets into molds; pressing the sheets in the molds to shape; and de-molding the product. 37. The method of claim 34 including the further step of: curing the product. 38. The method of claim 37 wherein the step of curing is conducted in a moist environment. 39. The method of claim 38 wherein the step of curing in a moist environment comprises: curing in high pressure, saturated steam in an autoclave. 40. The method of claim 39 wherein the step of curing in an autoclave comprises slowly heating the product at a maximum rate of about 60° C. to 80° C. per hour to a temperature in the range of about 125° to 180° C. for about 2 to 12 hours. 41. The method of claim 38 wherein the step of curing in a moist environment comprises: warm, moist curing. 42. The method of claim 41 wherein step of warm, moist curing comprises curing in a moist environment having a relative humidity ranging from about 85% to 95% at a temperature of about 45° C. to 55° C. for about 6 to 14 days. 43. The method of claim 37 comprising the further step of, prior to curing, pre-curing at a room temperature in a moist environment having from about 85% to 95% relative humidity for up to 1 day. 44. The method of claim 37 comprising the further step of drying the product. 45. The method of claim 44 wherein the step of drying comprises the steps of: heating the product to about 85° C. at a rate of about 15° C. per hour and holding the product at temperature for about 16 to 24 hours; and final drying the product by increasing the temperature to about 105° C., at a rate of about 15° C. per hour, and holding the product at temperature for about 24 hours. 46. The polymer-cement composite of claim 21 wherein the reactive silica is a mixture of precipitated silica and ground silica. 47. The polymer-cement composite of claim 2 wherein the cement to water ratio is between 0.43 and 0.49. for hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R2O for one species or a mixture of two or more species of oxyalkylene group of 2 to 4 carbon atoms, providing two or more species of the mixture may be added either in the form of a block or in a random form, R3for a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and m is a value indicating the average addition mol number of oxyalkylene groups that is an integer in the range of 1 to 100, 95 to 2% by weight of a (meth)acrylic acid monomer (b) represented by the above general formula (2), wherein R4and R5are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and M1for a hydrogen atom, a monovalent metal atom, a divalent metal atom, an ammonium group, or an organic amine group, and 0 to 50% by weight of other monomer (c) copolymerizable with these monomers, provided that the total amount of (a), (b), and (c) is 100% by weight; g) a graft polymer that is a polycarboxylic acid or a salt thereof, having side chains derived from at least one species selected from the group consisting of oligoalkyleneglycols, polyalcohols, and polyalkylene glycols; h) a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer in free acid or salt form, wherein the copolymer consists of the following monomer units and numbers of monomer units: wherein: M is selected from hydrogen, a cation or a residue of a hydrophobic polyalkylene glycol or polysiloxane; R is the residue of a methylpoly(ethylene) glycol of weight average molecular weight 900-2000; x=0.35-0.75; and y=0.25-0.65; i) a reaction product of component A, optionally component B, and component C; wherein each component A is independently a nonpolymeric, functional moiety that adsorbs onto a cementitious particle, and contains at least one residue derived from a first component selected from the group consisting of phosphates, phosphonates, phosphinates, hypophosphites, sulfates, sulfonates, sulfinates, alkyl trialkoxy silanes, alkyl triacyloxy silanes, alkyl triaryloxy silanes, borates, boronates, boroxines, phosphoramides, amines, amides, quatemary ammonium groups, carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid esters, alcohols, carbohydrates, phosphate esters of sugars, borate esters of sugars, sulfate esters of sugars, salts of any of the preceding moieties, and mixtures thereof; wherein component B is an optional moiety, where if present, each component B is independently a nonpolymeric moiety that is disposed between the component A moiety and the component C moiety, and is derived from a second component selected from the group consisting of linear saturated hydrocarbons, linear unsaturated hydrocarbons, saturated branched hydrocarbons, unsaturated branched hydrocarbons, alicyclic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic hydrocarbons, aryl, phosphoester, nitrogen containing compounds, and mixtures thereof; and wherein component C is at least one moiety that is a linear or branched water soluble, nonionic polymer substantially non-adsorbing to cement particles, and is selected from the group consisting of poly(oxyalkylene glycol), poly(oxyalkylene amine), poly(oxyalkylene diamine), monoalkoxy poly(oxyalkylene amine), monoaryloxy poly(oxyalkylene amine), monoalkoxy poly(oxyalkylene glycol), monoaryloxy poly(oxyalkylene glycol), poly(vinyl pyrrolidones), poly(methyl vinyl ethers), poly(ethylene imines), poly(acrylamides), polyoxazoles, and mixtures thereof; j) a dispersant of Formula (IV): wherein in Formula (IV): D=a component selected from the group consisting of the structure d1, the structure d2, and mixtures thereof; X=H, CH3,C2to C6Alkyl, Phenyl, p-Methyl Phenyl, Sulfonated Phenyl; Y=H, --COOM; R=H, CH3; Z=H, --SO3M, --PO3M, --COOM, --OR3,--COOR3,--CH2OR3,--CONHR3,--CONHC(CH3)2CH2SO3M, --COO(CHR4)nOH where n=2 to 6; R