초록 ▼

The present invention is to detect a temperature of an exhaust gas purification catalyst in order to determined an air-fuel ratio feedback control start time of an internal combustion engine, wherein the temperature of the exhaust gas purification catalyst is detected by estimation and computation b

The present invention is to detect a temperature of an exhaust gas purification catalyst in order to determined an air-fuel ratio feedback control start time of an internal combustion engine, wherein the temperature of the exhaust gas purification catalyst is detected by estimation and computation based on an element impedance of an air-fuel ratio sensor.

대표청구항 ▼

The present invention is to detect a temperature of an exhaust gas purification catalyst in order to determined an air-fuel ratio feedback control start time of an internal combustion engine, wherein the temperature of the exhaust gas purification catalyst is detected by estimation and computation b

The present invention is to detect a temperature of an exhaust gas purification catalyst in order to determined an air-fuel ratio feedback control start time of an internal combustion engine, wherein the temperature of the exhaust gas purification catalyst is detected by estimation and computation based on an element impedance of an air-fuel ratio sensor. id base element after said control box cover is covering said control box to connect said electrical controls to the power source while said disconnect cover member prevents said control box cover from being removed from said control box without removal of said connecting element. h is sprayed onto the first surface exits the first surface out of the subsection due to the momentum of the coolant. 12. The method according to claim 2, wherein upon spraying an atomized liquid coolant onto the first surface, single phase convection, boiling, and/or free surface evaporation of the coolant occur. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein coolant sprayed onto the first surface which boils and/or evaporates is released into the environment. 14. The method according to claim 2, wherein the first surface is located within a sealed housing and wherein spraying an atomized liquid coolant onto the first surface is within the sealed housing, wherein the method further comprises: releasing the heat absorbed by the coolant from the first surface via a condenser. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the condenser comprises a heat exchanger. 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein the condenser operates via a subcooled mist of the coolant, wherein the sub-cooled mist of the coolant is sub-cooled below the saturation temperature of the coolant within the sealed housing via a heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger is outside the sealed housing, wherein the subcooled mist is sprayed within the sealed housing so as to contact saturated vapor of the coolant evaporating from the first surface, wherein heat is transferred from the saturated vapor to the sub-cooled mist such that the saturated vapor condenses on the sub-cooled mist and flows to a reservoir of the coolant. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the partition wall shared by a subsection with an adjacent subsection substantially eliminates the flow of coolant from the subsection to the adjacent subsection and the flow of coolant from the adjacent subsection to the subsection. 18. The method according to claim 1, wherein the piece of material is an interface plate comprising a second surface, wherein the second surface is in thermal contact with the heat source. 19. The method according to claim 1, wherein the piece of material is integral with the heat source. 20. The method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of subsections each share a partition wall with each adjacent subsection. 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the partition walls are interconnected so as to enclose a portion of the plurality of subsections with the interconnected partition walls. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the interconnected partition walls form a pattern such that the portion of the plurality of subsections are enclosed by polygonal shaped sections of the interconnected partition walls. 23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the portion of the plurality of subsections are enclosed by rectangular shaped sections of the interconnected partition walls. 24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the portion of the plurality of subsections are enclosed by square shaped sections of the interconnected partition walls. 25. The method according to claim 22, wherein the portion of the plurality of subsections are enclosed by hexagonal shaped sections of the interconnected partition walls. 26. The method according to claim 1, wherein spraying an atomized liquid coolant onto the first surface comprises spraying an atomized liquid coolant onto the first surface via a single spray nozzle such that the single spray nozzle sprays the atomized liquid coolant onto each subsection of the first surface. 27. The method according to claim 1, wherein spraying an atomized liquid coolant onto the first surface comprises spraying an atomized liquid coolant onto the first surface via a plurality of spray nozzles such that the plurality of spray nozzles sprays the atomized liquid coolant onto each subsection of the first surface. 28. The method according to claim 27, wherein each of the plurality of spray nozzles sprays the atomized liquid coolant onto a corresponding subsection of the first surface. 29. The method according to claim 1,