초록 ▼

A reformer includes two or more catalyst units in the flow path, capable of generating hydrogen from a reactant fluid containing an organic compound or carbon monoxide, by catalysis. In the reformer, at least two of the catalyst units satisfy the following relationship: Heat capacity of the upstream

A reformer includes two or more catalyst units in the flow path, capable of generating hydrogen from a reactant fluid containing an organic compound or carbon monoxide, by catalysis. In the reformer, at least two of the catalyst units satisfy the following relationship: Heat capacity of the upstream-side catalyst unit≤Heat capacity of the downstream-side catalyst unit. The reformer is improved in the relationship between these catalyst units with respect to heat capacity. This improvement leads to improvement of the reformer in safety, heating characteristics during the start-up period, efficiency of hydrogen production and reduction in production of CO as the coproduct.

대표청구항 ▼

A reformer includes two or more catalyst units in the flow path, capable of generating hydrogen from a reactant fluid containing an organic compound or carbon monoxide, by catalysis. In the reformer, at least two of the catalyst units satisfy the following relationship: Heat capacity of the upstream

A reformer includes two or more catalyst units in the flow path, capable of generating hydrogen from a reactant fluid containing an organic compound or carbon monoxide, by catalysis. In the reformer, at least two of the catalyst units satisfy the following relationship: Heat capacity of the upstream-side catalyst unit≤Heat capacity of the downstream-side catalyst unit. The reformer is improved in the relationship between these catalyst units with respect to heat capacity. This improvement leads to improvement of the reformer in safety, heating characteristics during the start-up period, efficiency of hydrogen production and reduction in production of CO as the coproduct. axis of rotation which is substantially coincident with the horizontal axis of the trough, the connection device comprising: a mobile spout extending outwardly from the outlet hole and having a horizontal axis coincident with the horizontal axis of the vessel, and terminating at an end opposite to the outlet hole and having a circular section; an adapter flange secured to the end of the mobile spout centered over the horizontal axis of rotation and comprising a circular seal bearing perpendicular to said axis; a connection flange constructed and arranged to be secured to an end of the fixed trough centered over the horizontal axis of rotation and comprising a circular seal bearing, perpendicular to said axis facing and co-operating with the bearing of the adapter flange; at least one seal resistant to heat and liquid metal, positioned between the adapter flange bearing and the connection flange bearing; and a clamp device optionally supported by a fixed part, constructed and arranged to adjust clamping of the connection flange and the adapter flange relative to one another, and to ensure sealing of a connection between the mobile spout and the fixed trough, while allowing said flanges to pivot relative to one another. 6. Device according to claim 5, wherein the flanges comprise a centering device for their centering relative to one another. 7. Device according to claim 6, wherein the centering device comprises on one of the flanges a cylindrical projection which slide fits into a corresponding housing positioned on the other flange. 8. Device according to claim 7, wherein one seal bearing is located at the end of the cylindrical projection and another seal bearing is located in the bottom part of housing so that the two seal bearings face one another. 9. Device according to claim 7, further comprising two specific projections of flanges, a seal bearing being placed at the end of each one, arranged so that the two seal bearings face one another. 10. Device according to claim 5, further comprising two seals, one on each bearing. 11. Device according to claim 5, wherein the flanges are formed of steel or refractory cast iron. 12. Device according to claim 5, wherein the adjustable clamp device comprises screw tie rods supported firstly by one or more fixed support parts, and secondly by one of said flanges, via elastic parts, nuts being used to adjust the clamping force. 13. Device according to claim 5, wherein the adjustable clamp device comprises a projection on one of said flanges, a ring flange and clamp adjusting means. 14. Device according to claim 13, wherein the clamp adjusting means comprises bolts and belleville washers. 15. Device according to claim 5, wherein the seals are graphite based. 16. A method for treating molten metal in a vessel comprising a wall having a passage hole therethrough for supplying, discharging or emptying the liquid metal, said passage being extended by a mobile spout integral with the vessel, comprising the steps of: sealing the spout to the trough; introducing liquid metal into the vessel; carrying out a treatment of the liquid metal within the vessel; evacuating the treated liquid metal from the vessel by rotating the vessel on a horizontal axis of rotation between a first position in which the vessel is upright with the hole in an upper portion thereof, and a second position in which the vessel is tilted with the hole in a lower position, with the horizontal axis of rotation being substantially coincident with a horizontal axis of an evacuation trough; and evacuating the liquid metal into the trough. 17. Process according to claim 16, wherein the treatment comprises gas or filtration treatment of liquid aluminum, magnesium, or alloys thereof. 18. Process according to claim 16, wherein the step of sealing the spout to the trough comprises: moving an adapter flange secured to the end of the mobile spout centered over the horizontal axis of rotation and comprising a circu lar seal bearing perpendicular to said axis, opposite to a connection flange secured to an end of the fixed trough centered over the horizontal axis of rotation and comprising a circular seal bearing, perpendicular to said axis, such that the bearing of the connection flange faces and co-operates with the bearing of the adapter flange, with at least one seal resistant to heat and liquid metal, positioned between the connection flange bearing and the adapter flange bearing; and adjusting a clamp device optionally supported by a fixed part, to adjust clamping of the connection flange and the adapter flange relative to one another, and to ensure sealing of a connection between the mobile spout and the fixed trough, while allowing said flanges to pivot relative to one another. 19. Process according to claim 18, wherein the treatment comprises gas or filtration treatment of liquid aluminum, magnesium, or alloys thereof.