초록 ▼

Planar index guided vertical cavity surface emitting laser (PIG VCSEL) utilizes index guiding to provide improved optical confinement and proton implantation to improve current confinement. Index guiding is achieved by etching index guide openings (holes or partial ridges) around the optical confine

Planar index guided vertical cavity surface emitting laser (PIG VCSEL) utilizes index guiding to provide improved optical confinement and proton implantation to improve current confinement. Index guiding is achieved by etching index guide openings (holes or partial ridges) around the optical confinement region and may be adjusted by varying the etched volume of the index guide openings (holes and partial ridges). The top contact surface area is increased in the PIG VCSEL thereby lowering contact and device resistance to improve VCSEL performance further. The PIG VCSEL is a substantially planarized device for ease of manufacture.

대표청구항 ▼

Planar index guided vertical cavity surface emitting laser (PIG VCSEL) utilizes index guiding to provide improved optical confinement and proton implantation to improve current confinement. Index guiding is achieved by etching index guide openings (holes or partial ridges) around the optical confine

Planar index guided vertical cavity surface emitting laser (PIG VCSEL) utilizes index guiding to provide improved optical confinement and proton implantation to improve current confinement. Index guiding is achieved by etching index guide openings (holes or partial ridges) around the optical confinement region and may be adjusted by varying the etched volume of the index guide openings (holes and partial ridges). The top contact surface area is increased in the PIG VCSEL thereby lowering contact and device resistance to improve VCSEL performance further. The PIG VCSEL is a substantially planarized device for ease of manufacture. n N-bit pattern of said PN signal obtained by demultiplexing, and said second detection means detects said second timing error by searching in a pattern of one period of a PN signal generated by said second PN signal generator for a sequence N-bit pattern matching an N-bit pattern represented by a PN signal obtained by demultiplexing. 6. The synchronization system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: said second device performs timing control so that a pattern of a PN signal generated by said first PN signal generator at a time point (t-τ) matches a pattern of a PN signal generated by said second PN signal generator at the time point t, τ designating a time period during which transmission information data is transmitted from said first device to said second device, while t denoting a current time point. 7. A method of synchronizing between a first device executed based upon a first process and a second device executed based upon a second process, wherein: said first process comprises: generating a first PN signal in synchronization with a predetermined timing signal in the first device; multiplexing transmission information data and said first PN signal and transmitting the first multiplexed signal to the second device; receiving a second multiplexed signal from said second device and demultiplexing the received signal into transmission information data and a second PN signal; and detecting a first timing error that is an error between said first PN signal and said second PN signal; said second process comprises: generating said second PN signal in synchronization with a predetermined timing signal in the second device; receiving said first multiplexed signal from said first device and demultiplexing the received signal into transmission information data and a first PN signal; multiplexing transmission information data and said second PN signal and transmitting the second multiplexed signal to the first device; and detecting a second timing error that is an error between said second PN signal and said first PN signal; correcting timing of said second PN signal so as to cancel said second timing error detected at the detecting step in the second PN signal generating step; and correcting timing of said first PN signal by shifting ahead by a time corresponding to half the first timing error detected at the detecting step in the first PN signal generating step. 8. A recording medium for use in a synchronization system for synchronizing first and second devices, said first and said second devices respectively performing a first process and a second process, said recording medium recording a program to execute one of said first process and said second process, wherein said first process comprises: generating a first PN signal in synchronization with a predetermined timing signal in the first device; multiplexing transmission information data and said first PN signal and transmitting the first multiplexed signal to the second device; receiving a second multiplexed signal from said second device and demultiplexing the received signal into transmission information data and a second PN signal; and detecting a first timing error that is an error between said first PN signal and said second PN signal; said second process comprises: generating said second PN signal in synchronization with a predetermined timing signal in the second device; receiving said first multiplexed signal from said first device and demultiplexing the received signal into transmission information data and a first PN signal; multiplexing transmission information data and said second PN signal and transmitting the second multiplexed signal to the first device; and detecting a second timing error that is an error between said second PN signal and said first PN signal; correcting timing of said second PN signal so as to cancel said second timing error detected at the detecting step in the second PN signal generating step; and corre cting timing of said first PN signal by shifting ahead by a time corresponding to half the first timing error detected at the detecting step in the first PN signal generating step. 9. A first apparatus in a system of synchronizing between a first apparatus and a second apparatus comprising: means for generating a first PN signal in synchronization with a predetermined timing signal in the first apparatus; means for multiplexing transmission information data and said first PN signal and transmitting the first multiplexed signal to said second apparatus; means for receiving a second multiplexed signal from said second apparatus and demultiplexing the received signal into transmission information data and a second PN signal; means for detecting a first timing error that is an error between said second PN signal obtained by said means for receiving the second multiplexed signal and said first PN signal generated by said first PN signal generator; means for correcting timing of said first PN signal by shifting ahead by a time corresponding to half the first timing error detected. the network information notification packet and instructing a processing according to said updated information to the routing protocol means. 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said router comprises a plurality of routing protocol units, said network information notification packet including an identifier for identifying a routing protocol, and said network information processing means instructing a processing to a routing protocol identified by said identifier. 4. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said instruction packet indicates a boot packet requiring to acquire network information held by another router in response to a start of the router or a management packet composed of a flash packet requesting deletion of a network information previously notified in response to a stop of operation of the relevant router. 5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein each routing protocol unit of said router transfers said management packet to the other routers, and the network information processing means of the other routers instructing a processing according to the content of the management packet to at least one routing protocol unit in the corresponding router. 6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein when said management packet is said boot packet, said at least one routing protocol unit of said other router requests a transfer of network information held by the corresponding routing protocol unit according to an instruction based on said boot packet, to said network information processing means; said network information processing means transferring the requested network information to a corresponding router which is a transfer source of said boot packet; and the network information processing means of the corresponding router which is a transfer source of said boot packet transferring the transferred network information to a routing protocol unit within the corresponding router.