Method and apparatus for terrain reasoning with distributed embedded processing elements
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
G06F-013/00
G08G-001/00
G01S-013/93
출원번호
US-0903878
(2001-07-10)
발명자
/ 주소
Payton, David W.
Lee, Craig
Hoff, Bruce
Howard, Mike
Daily, Mike
출원인 / 주소
HRL Laboratories, LLC
대리인 / 주소
Tope-McKay & Associates
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
28인용 특허 :
17
초록▼
A method and apparatus for computing properties of a physical environment is provided, using a plurality of agents forming a distributed network embedded within the environment. The method comprises determining an initiating agent 200, transmitting a signal including a cumulative cost value to neigh
A method and apparatus for computing properties of a physical environment is provided, using a plurality of agents forming a distributed network embedded within the environment. The method comprises determining an initiating agent 200, transmitting a signal including a cumulative cost value to neighboring agents 202, and processing the signal at each neighboring agent to augment the cumulative cost value with local information 204. If multiple signals are received, determining which has the best cumulative cost value for generating a new signal 206, then treating the neighboring agent as an initiating agent 208 and transmitting the new signal to neighboring agents 208 and retaining the best augmented cost value in memory 210. Methods further include determining paths using shortest path computations, using dual gradients for aligning agents on a path between two reference agents, and discovering and converging agents on choke points.
대표청구항▼
A method and apparatus for computing properties of a physical environment is provided, using a plurality of agents forming a distributed network embedded within the environment. The method comprises determining an initiating agent 200, transmitting a signal including a cumulative cost value to neigh
A method and apparatus for computing properties of a physical environment is provided, using a plurality of agents forming a distributed network embedded within the environment. The method comprises determining an initiating agent 200, transmitting a signal including a cumulative cost value to neighboring agents 202, and processing the signal at each neighboring agent to augment the cumulative cost value with local information 204. If multiple signals are received, determining which has the best cumulative cost value for generating a new signal 206, then treating the neighboring agent as an initiating agent 208 and transmitting the new signal to neighboring agents 208 and retaining the best augmented cost value in memory 210. Methods further include determining paths using shortest path computations, using dual gradients for aligning agents on a path between two reference agents, and discovering and converging agents on choke points. aim 1, wherein said first image forming optical system and said objective lens are in a telecentric arrangement. 8. The confocal microscope according to claim 1, wherein said second image forming lens system has a telecentric arrangement with respect to said confocal disk and opposite sides of photoelectric conversion means for performing said photoelectric conversion. 9. The confocal microscope according to claim 1, wherein said first image formation lens driving means moves a focal point of said first image formation lens system in the light axis direction by a driving command from a computer, and the computer takes in the sectioning image on said confocal disk in each movement position by said photoelectric conversion and obtains three-dimensional information. 10. A height measurement method in a confocal microscope which uses a confocal disk, said microscope comprising: a light source; a high-NA and low-magnification objective lens which forms an irradiation light from the light source into an image on a sample through said confocal disk; a first image formation lens system disposed between said confocal disk and said high-NA and low-magnification objective lens; first image formation lens driving means for moving said first image formation lens system in a light axis direction and adjusting a focal point position of said objective lens with respect to said sample; and a second image formation lens system which forms a sectioning image formed on said confocal disk into an image in a CCD camera, said measurement method comprising: moving said first image formation lens system in the light axis direction by said first image formation lens driving means; processing luminance information of pixels of sectioning images in a plurality of positions, formed by said CCD camera; and obtaining height information of said sample. 11. The height measurement method according to claim 10, wherein said second image formation lens system further includes light spot gradation means for enlarging a light spot formed into the image by said CCD camera such that the light spot extends over a plurality of pixels of the CCD camera disposed adjacent to one another, and said method further comprises: processing integrated luminance value information of light intensities received by the plurality of pixels which receive the light spots enlarged by the gradation means. 12. The height measurement method according to claim 10, wherein said gradation means comprises one of a diffusion plate and a diffraction lattice which changes a size of the light spot without changing an optical magnification, and which can be disposed to be attachable/detachable with respect to said second image formation lens. ted in machine-independent format in a pre-press stage. The image data is prepared for the printing process by a data processing device and is fed in adapted form to the printing machine 1. The data processing device uses a profile which corresponds precisely with the current machine condition, for the final data preparation for printing. The profile can be addressed using the correct color-space conversion for the printing machine (i.e., calibrated). For this purpose, at the time at which the data is prepared for image setting, a machine condition forecast for the time of printing is called up and, from this, together with the knowledge of the operating materials, the machine profile which most closely approaches that for the print job is determined. This profile is then used for the data preparation. on the other of the two layers. Scanning multiple test sets provides multiple registration error values which are then averaged to obtain an average registration error value. Another aspect of the present invention is directed towards a method for measuring the relative position between two layers of a device. The method begins by providing a mark as described above. A beam is scanned in a first path across the mark. A beam is then scanned in a second path across the mark. Signals are generated with respect to the portion of each beam which reflects off the surface of the device so that the registration error between the two layers may be calculated. e method of claim 1 wherein the signal is angle modulated. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the radiation is in the visible range. 6. The method of claim 1 further including: (a) determining the reference values of the modulated spectrum at t=0; (b) determining the measured values, and calculating a self-referenced spectrum using the reference values from step (a); (c) determining the modulation amplitude of the spectrum calculated in step (b); and (d) calculating a change in the optical-physical quantity from the modulation amplitude determined in step (c). 7. The method according to claim 1 further including performing a mathematical Taylor series expansion of a mathematical function that represents the relationship between the optical-physical quantity to be measured and at least one of the performance quantities. 8. The method according to claim 7 wherein the mathematical function is derived according to the optical-physical quantity to be measured and calculating a linear approximation. 9. The method according to claim 6 wherein the modulation amplitude of the spectrum is calculated by using curve fitting of a function that represents the relationship between the optical-physical quantity to be measured and at least one of the performance quantities. 10. The method according to claim 6 further including adapting the relationship between the optical-physical quantity to be measured and at least one of the performance quantities to a model function corresponding to the formula: where v=wave number, c=fit parameter for the curve fitting, D=optical density, a=known parameter of reflectivity of the converter. 11. The method according to claim 6 including curve fitting the relationship between the optical-physical quantity to be measured and at least one of the performance quantities to a model function corresponding to the following fitting formula: where c0is another fit parameter, c1v is a parameter that covers drift over time arising in the measuring setup, and c2is a measure of the change in thickness. 12. The method according to claim 6 further including adapting the relationship between the optical-physical quantity to be measured and at least one of the performance quantities to the model function by using a logarithmic representation of the measured values in the form of: log(Isample(v, t)/Isample(v, t=0)). 13. A computer program including a program code for causing a computer to execute the steps of claim 1. 14. A data carrier storing the computer program of claim 13. 15. A method of calibrating an optical converter in a spectrometer for converting an optical-physical quantity into a modulated signal when the optical converter is transilluminated with electromagnetic radiation for a period of t>0, the electromagnetic radiation varying within a wavelength or frequency range, whereby a corresponding modulated spectrum is derived, and whereby performance quantities of the spectroscopy measurement being subject to temporal fluctuations, the method comprising: determining reference values of the modulated spectrum at time t=0; determining values of the modulated spectrum for times t>0; calculating the changes over time of the modulated spectrum for t>0 using a linear perturbation method based on assumed small changes of at least one of the performance quantities of the interference spectroscopy measurement. 16. A computer program including a program code for causing a computer to execute the steps of claim 15. 17. A data carrier storing the computer program of claim 16. 18. An optical converter in a spectrometer for converting an optical-physical quantity into a modulated signal when the optical converter is transilluminated with electromagnetic radiation for a period t>0, the electromagnetic radiation varying within a wavelength or frequency range, whereby a corresponding modulated spectrum is derived, and whereby performance quantities of the
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