초록 ▼

A polymeric composite may be used for forming fluid separation membranes. The fluid separation membranes may go through a separation selectivity maximum as a function of operating conditions (e.g., temperature and/or pressure). The membranes may be formed from polyamide or poly (pyrrolone-imide). Po

A polymeric composite may be used for forming fluid separation membranes. The fluid separation membranes may go through a separation selectivity maximum as a function of operating conditions (e.g., temperature and/or pressure). The membranes may be formed from polyamide or poly (pyrrolone-imide). Polyamides may be formed by the condensation of a tetraamine, a tetraacid, and a diamine. Poly (pyrrolone-imides) may be formed by the condensation of a polyamide.

대표청구항 ▼

A polymeric composite may be used for forming fluid separation membranes. The fluid separation membranes may go through a separation selectivity maximum as a function of operating conditions (e.g., temperature and/or pressure). The membranes may be formed from polyamide or poly (pyrrolone-imide). Po

A polymeric composite may be used for forming fluid separation membranes. The fluid separation membranes may go through a separation selectivity maximum as a function of operating conditions (e.g., temperature and/or pressure). The membranes may be formed from polyamide or poly (pyrrolone-imide). Polyamides may be formed by the condensation of a tetraamine, a tetraacid, and a diamine. Poly (pyrrolone-imides) may be formed by the condensation of a polyamide. d warm balloon is secured by bands. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein said bands are metal. 10. The system of claim 4, wherein said working fluid is a perfluorocarbon. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein said working fluid is Galden fluid. 12. The system of claim 4, wherein said warm balloon is structured and configured to anchor in a pulmonary vein. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein said cold balloon is structured and configured to be disposed partially in a pulmonary vein and partially in the left atrium. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein said cold balloon has a length of between about 1 to 21/2 cm and a diameter of between about 1 to 21/2 cm. 15. The system of claim 4, further comprising at least one marker band disposed within one or both of the cold balloon and the warm balloon. 16. The system of claim 4, further comprising a set of mapping electrodes disposed distal of the warm balloon. 17. The system of claim 4, further comprising an insulation sleeve disposed around the catheter shaft. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the insulation sleeve is formed of a foamed extrusion. 19. The system of claim 4, further comprising a silicone sleeve disposed circumferentially about the catheter shaft adjacent a point at which at least one of the cold or warm balloons attaches to the catheter shaft. 20. The system of claim 4, wherein the cold balloon is doped with a biocompatible agent to promote heat transfer. 21. A method of reducing atrial fibrillation, comprising: inserting a catheter at least partially into the heart, the catheter having a warm balloon and a cold balloon proximal of the warm balloon, at least a portion of the cold balloon located in the left atrium and at least a portion of the warm balloon located in a pulmonary vein; inflating the warm balloon with a biocompatible fluid; and inflating the cold balloon with a perfluorocarbon such that an exterior surface of the cold balloon is in contact with at least a partial circumference of the portion of the pulmonary vein adjacent the left atrium, the perfluorocarbon having a temperature in the range of about -10° C. to -70° C. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein inflating the warm balloon includes pressurizing the warm balloon to a pressure of between about 1 to 2 atmospheres. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein inflating the cold balloon includes pressurizing the cold balloon to a pressure of between about 5 to 7 atmospheres. onnecting members have at least one bend therein. 8. The stent of claim 4 wherein adjacent bands of interconnected cells having S-shaped openings and interconnected cells having mirror image S-shaped openings have first connecting members of a first length and second connecting members of a second length different from the first length extending therebetween. 9. The stent of claim 8 wherein each first connecting member is connected to an adjacent second connecting member. 10. The stent of claim 4 wherein adjacent bands of interconnected cells having S-shaped openings and bands of interconnected cells having mirror image S-shaped openings have bands of differently shaped cells therebetween, the differently shaped cells differing in shape from the cells having S-shaped openings and from the cells having mirror image S-shaped openings. 11. The stent of claim 10 wherein the differently shaped cells are in the shape of an arrow. 12. The stent of claim 11 wherein the arrows are oriented in a circumferential direction. 13. The stent of claim 12 wherein adjacent bands of differently shaped cells are oriented in opposing circumferential directions. 14. The stent of claim 3 consisting only of bands of interconnected cells having S-shaped openings and bands of interconnected cells having mirror image S-shaped openings. 15. A stent comprising at least one cell selected from the group consisting of circumferentially oriented cells having S-shaped openings and circumferentially oriented cells having mirror image S-shaped openings, the stent including at least one cell with an S shaped openings and at least on cell with a mirror image S shaped opening, the stent configured such that an axis exists about which the cell with the S-shaped opening when rotated 180° is superimposed upon a cell having a mirror image S-shaped opening. dge and a straight edge, and also including a second wall being hingedly attached along said straight edge of said main wall and having a projecting portion extending outwardly from an edge thereof and being removably disposed upon said spout portion of said cup member for the closing thereof; a telescopic handle member having a plurality of tubular members and being attached to said cup member, said tubular members including a first tubular member which is attached to an exterior of said side wall of said cup member, and also including a plurality of intermediate tubular members telescopingly connected to said first tubular member, and further including an end tubular member which is telescopingly connected to said intermediate tubular member for adjustably lengthening and shortening said telescopic handle member; said end tubular member being visible when said telescopic handle is in a retracted position; a label coupled to said end tubular member for facilitating identification of said specimen; and wherein a top portion of said side wall of said cup member is curved such that said top portion tapers from a middle of said side wall to a top of said side wall for facilitating comfortable positioning of said cup member between legs of the user when collecting the specimen. 6. The specimen collection assembly of claim 1, wherein said telescopic handle includes an end tubular member, said end tubular member being visible when said telescopic handle is in a retracted position; and said label being positioned on said end tubular member whereby said label remains visible when said telescopic handle is in said retracted position. 7. A specimen collection assembly comprising: a cup member having side and bottom walls, and also having an open top and a spout portion for dispensing specimen from said cup member; a lid member being removably attached upon said cup member; a telescopic handle member having a plurality of tubular members and being attached to said cup member; and wherein a top portion of said side wall of said cup member is curved such that said top portion tapers from a middle of said side wall to a top of said side wall for facilitating comfortable positioning of said cup member between legs of the user when collecting the specimen. 8. The specimen collection assembly of claim 7, wherein said telescopic handle includes an end tubular member, said end tubular member being visible when said telescopic handle is in a retracted position; and said label being positioned on said end tubular member whereby said label remains visible when said telescopic handle is in said retracted position. 9. A specimen collection assembly as described in claim 7, wherein said spout portion is integrally formed in a top edge of said side wall and projects outwardly of said side wall. 10. A specimen collection assembly as described in claim 7, wherein said lid member includes a main wall having a curved edge and a straight edge, and also includes a second wall being hingedly attached along said straight edge of said main wall and having a projecting portion extending outwardly from an edge thereof and being removably disposed upon said spout portion of said cup member for the closing thereof. 11. A specimen collection assembly as described in claim 7, wherein said tubular members includes a first tubular member which is attached to an exterior of said side wall of said cup member, and also includes a plurality of intermediate tubular members telescopingly connected to said first tubular member, and further includes an end tubular member which is telescopingly connected to said intermediate tubular member for adjustably lengthening and shortening said telescopic handle member.