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Systems and methods for actuating optical elements steer a beam in two degrees of freedom in order to efficiently align the beam between a selected input and output. These systems include actuator configurations that have piezoelectric and electromagnetic components, servo control systems, and optic

Systems and methods for actuating optical elements steer a beam in two degrees of freedom in order to efficiently align the beam between a selected input and output. These systems include actuator configurations that have piezoelectric and electromagnetic components, servo control systems, and optical cross connect configurations. The actuable optical elements include reflective surfaces (e.g., mirrors), prisms, lenses, and optical fibers.

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Systems and methods for actuating optical elements steer a beam in two degrees of freedom in order to efficiently align the beam between a selected input and output. These systems include actuator configurations that have piezoelectric and electromagnetic components, servo control systems, and optic

Systems and methods for actuating optical elements steer a beam in two degrees of freedom in order to efficiently align the beam between a selected input and output. These systems include actuator configurations that have piezoelectric and electromagnetic components, servo control systems, and optical cross connect configurations. The actuable optical elements include reflective surfaces (e.g., mirrors), prisms, lenses, and optical fibers. fset to substantially cancel the chirping after the light passing through the first light path and light passing through the second light path are coupled by the optical waveguide, thereby increasing dispersion tolerance. 6. The optical modulator according to claim 5, wherein said electrodes are configured so that optical modulation of the first driving signal performed by the Mach-Zehnder optical modulator becomes push-pull modulation. 7. The optical modulator according to claim 5, wherein after coupling, the light passing through the first and second light paths produces a ternary optical signal. 8. The optical modulator according to claim 7, wherein said phase modulation electrode applies half-bit shift multiplexing modulation. 9. A Mach-Zehnder optical modulator in which an optical waveguide having first and second light paths is provided on a substrate having electro-optical effect and in which first and second signal electrodes are placed in the first and second light paths, respectively, to receive first and second driving signals causing a phase difference between light that is transmitted through the first light path and light that is transmitted through the second light path, said Mach-Zehnder optical modulator comprising: a third electrode which provides phase modulation to light being transmitted through one or both of the first and second light paths provided in the Mach-Zehnder optical modulator; and a driving circuit coupled to supply a third driving signal to said third electrode so that chirping imparted by the first, second and third driving signals to light passing through the first and second light paths are offset by each other after the light passing through the first light path and the light passing through the second light path are coupled by the optical waveguide, thereby increasing dispersion tolerance. 10. The optical modulator according to claim 9, wherein said electrodes are configured so that both optical modulation of the first driving signal and optical modulation of the second driving signal, performed by the Mach-Zehnder optical modulator, become push-pull modulation. 11. The optical modulator according to claim 9, wherein after coupling, the light passing through the first and second light paths produces a ternary optical signal. 12. The optical modulator according to claim 11, wherein said phase modulation electrode applies half-bit shift multiplexing modulation. 13. A method for optical modulation using a branch interferometric optical modulator in which an optical waveguide having first and second branch optical waveguides is provided on a substrate having electro-optical effect and in which first and second signal electrodes are placed in the first and second branch optical waveguides, respectively, so as to cause a phase difference between light that is transmitted through the first branch optical waveguide and light that is transmitted through the second branch optical waveguide, said method comprising: (a) applying a first driving signal having a prescribed bit rate to the first signal electrode of the branch interferometric optical modulator; and (b) applying a second driving signal having the prescribed bit rate to the second signal electrode of the branch interferometric optical modulator, the second driving signal having a phase which is different from a phase of the first driving signal by half a time slot, wherein modulated light having a bit rate which is double the prescribed bit rate is obtained by applying the first driving signal and the second driving signal, and dispersion tolerance is increased by making an optical signal ternary so as to narrow a band of the optical signal. 14. The method for optical modulation according to claim 13, wherein signals of a narrow spectrum band, a bit rate of which is equal to or less than a bit rate of an optical signal generated by using the method for optical modulation, are used as the first and second dri