초록 ▼

Linear polymers of glycerol can prevent or delay ice nucleation in a variety of contexts. Polyglycerol can also be employed in combination with other ice control agents, such as polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl acetate copolymers and antifreeze proteins, to provide antinucleation effects that are superio

Linear polymers of glycerol can prevent or delay ice nucleation in a variety of contexts. Polyglycerol can also be employed in combination with other ice control agents, such as polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl acetate copolymers and antifreeze proteins, to provide antinucleation effects that are superior to those of either polyglycerol or the co-antinucleator alone. Polyglycerol has a number of advantageous physical and toxicological properties, such as extreme water solubility, non-toxicity to human beings, non-toxicity to animal tissues and organs in vitro even at extreme concentrations, minimal foaming tendency, minimal retention on hydrophobic surfaces, and stability in solution without the need for periodic heating to reactivate its antinucleation properties.

대표청구항 ▼

Linear polymers of glycerol can prevent or delay ice nucleation in a variety of contexts. Polyglycerol can also be employed in combination with other ice control agents, such as polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl acetate copolymers and antifreeze proteins, to provide antinucleation effects that are superio

Linear polymers of glycerol can prevent or delay ice nucleation in a variety of contexts. Polyglycerol can also be employed in combination with other ice control agents, such as polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl acetate copolymers and antifreeze proteins, to provide antinucleation effects that are superior to those of either polyglycerol or the co-antinucleator alone. Polyglycerol has a number of advantageous physical and toxicological properties, such as extreme water solubility, non-toxicity to human beings, non-toxicity to animal tissues and organs in vitro even at extreme concentrations, minimal foaming tendency, minimal retention on hydrophobic surfaces, and stability in solution without the need for periodic heating to reactivate its antinucleation properties. per portion, a barrier assembly separating said upper portion and said lower portion to prevent fluid communication therebetween, wherein said barrier assembly comprises an impermeable layer subjacent said upper portion forming an aperture and having a seat portion circumscribing said aperture, and a breakable seal in sealing engagement with said seat portion, and means for establishing fluid communication between said upper portion and said lower portion, wherein said means comprises an elongated plunger having a distal end positioned below said breakable seal and a threaded base portion at its proximal end in confronting engagement with said threaded opening such that rotation of said threaded base portion urges said plunger upward so that the distal end thereof passes through said aperture and lifts said breakable seal from sealing contact with said seat portion to provide a passageway for fluid communication between said upper portion and said lower portion through said aperture. 2. An oil filter as described in claim 1 further comprising means for indicating whether fluid communication has been established between said upper portion and said lower portion. 3. An oil filter as described in claim 2 wherein said means for indicating comprises a breakable strip having one end affixed to the lower end of the filter housing and a second end affixed to the lower end of the threaded base, wherein said strip is broken upon rotation of said threaded base portion without concomitant rotation of said filter housing. 4. An oil filter as described in claim 2 wherein said means for indicating comprises markings on the lower end of the threaded base portion and the lower end of the filter housing that show the extent of rotation of the threaded base portion in relationship to the filter housing. 5. An oil filter as described in claim 1 wherein said impermeable layer comprises a horizontal plate forming a centrally located aperture. 6. An oil filter as described in claim 1 wherein said barrier assembly further comprises adhesive means for attaching said breakable seal to said impermeable layer. 7. An oil filter as described in claim 1 wherein said elongated plunger has a piercer portion at its distal end. 8. An oil filter as described in claim 1 wherein said threaded base portion further comprises means on a lower end thereof for engagement with a selected tool to impart rotation thereto. 9. An oil filter as described in claim 8 wherein said means for engagement comprises a drive socket formed in the threaded base portion for use with a selected tool such as a socket wrench or ratchet. 10. An oil filter as described in claim 8 wherein said means for engagement comprises a drive head formed in the threaded base portion for use with a selected tool such as a screwdriver. 11. A replaceable oil filter for use with an engine comprising in combination, a housing having an upper portion with a top end forming an opening for threaded engagement with said engine and a lower portion forming a threaded opening, a fluid filtration unit positioned within said upper portion, a barrier assembly separating said upper portion and said lower portion to prevent fluid communication therebetween, wherein said barrier assembly comprises an impermeable layer subjacent said upper portion forming an aperture and having a seat portion circumscribing said aperture, and a breakable seal in sealing engagement with said seat portion, and means for establishing fluid communication between said upper portion and said lower portion, wherein said means comprises an elongated plunger having a distal end positioned below said breakable seal and a threaded base portion at its proximal end in confronting engagement with said threaded opening such that rotation of said threaded