초록 ▼

Phosphate-contaminated water passes through a domestic sewage treatment system, in which oxidation of the ammonium progresses far enough to cause a lowering of the pH to 5 or less. The water is passed over sand grains coated with aluminum hydroxide (gibbsite). Enough Al3+ions enter solution, at the

Phosphate-contaminated water passes through a domestic sewage treatment system, in which oxidation of the ammonium progresses far enough to cause a lowering of the pH to 5 or less. The water is passed over sand grains coated with aluminum hydroxide (gibbsite). Enough Al3+ions enter solution, at the low pH, to cause all the phosphate-P to precipitate as aluminum phosphate, and nothing else precipitates other than the aluminum phosphate.

대표청구항 ▼

Phosphate-contaminated water passes through a domestic sewage treatment system, in which oxidation of the ammonium progresses far enough to cause a lowering of the pH to 5 or less. The water is passed over sand grains coated with aluminum hydroxide (gibbsite). Enough Al3+ions enter solution, at the

Phosphate-contaminated water passes through a domestic sewage treatment system, in which oxidation of the ammonium progresses far enough to cause a lowering of the pH to 5 or less. The water is passed over sand grains coated with aluminum hydroxide (gibbsite). Enough Al3+ions enter solution, at the low pH, to cause all the phosphate-P to precipitate as aluminum phosphate, and nothing else precipitates other than the aluminum phosphate. in the plurality of the separation units are arranged in at least one transversely extending row and wherein the separation units within each of the at least one transversely extending row are arranged such that a gas collection area is formed between adjacent separation units. 2. The phase separator according to claim 1, wherein the phase separator is a three-phase separator and is further capable of separating a gas and a liquid from a solid by directing the solid downwardly along the deflector while the liquid passes into the coagulation area. 3. The phase separator according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of separation units are arranged in two transversely extending rows and the transversely extending rows are longitudinally separated from each other. 4. An upflow reactor apparatus, comprising a phase separator, wherein the phase separator comprises a first separation unit and a second separation unit secured within the upflow reactor apparatus, each of the first and the second separation units comprising (a) a first wall having a first side and a second side and a second wall having a first side and a second side, the second side of the first wall and the first side of the second wall defining a coagulation area, wherein the first wall adjoins a deflector inclined to the horizontal and vertical; and (b) a plurality of parallel plates spaced from each other and vertically and horizontally inclined, each of the parallel plates having a lower edge, wherein the second wall adjoins one of the parallel plates and the deflector extends below and across the lower edges of the parallel plates, wherein each of the first and the second separation units is capable of separating a gas from a liquid by diverting the gas to the second side of the second wall of each separation unit and by creating a circulation of the liquid around at least one of the parallel plates such that liquid is directed into the coagulation area, wherein the first separation unit and the second separation unit are arranged such that the second side of the second wall of the first separation unit and the first side of the first wall of the second separation unit define a gas collection area and the gas collection area is in fluid communication with a gas outlet extending outwardly through an outer surface of the upflow react or apparatus. 5. The upflow reactor apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising a clarification zone on top of the first separation unit and the second separation unit and in liquid communication with the coagulation areas, and a reaction zone below the first separation unit and the second separation unit, wherein the only liquid communication between the reaction zone and the clarification zone occurs through the coagulation areas of the first and the second separation units. 6. The upflow reactor apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising a gas collection chimney extending longitudinally within the upflow reactor apparatus in communication with the gas outlet and an area as measured in the transverse direction which is substantially less than a cross sectional area of the upflow reactor apparatus, wherein the gas collection chimney is in liquid communication with the reaction zone. 7. The upflow reactor apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the cross sectional area of the gas collection chimney is from about 10% to about 40% of the cross sectional area of the upflow reactor apparatus. 8. The upflow reactor apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the phase separator comprises a plurality of separation units each having (a) a first wall having a first side and a second side and a second wall having a first side and a second side, the second side of the first wall and the first side of the second wall defining a coagulation area, wherein the first wall adjoins a deflector inclined to the horizontal and vertical; and (b) a plurality of parallel plates spaced from each other and vertically and horizontally i