A method is disclosed for renewing the activity of a Dispersed Active Metal (DAM) catalyst during operation of a reactor wherein the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide to produce a mixture of hydrocarbons is being carried out comprising withdrawing a mixture of hydrocarbons and a portion of the DAM ca
A method is disclosed for renewing the activity of a Dispersed Active Metal (DAM) catalyst during operation of a reactor wherein the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide to produce a mixture of hydrocarbons is being carried out comprising withdrawing a mixture of hydrocarbons and a portion of the DAM catalyst, reducing the hydrocarbon content thereof, heating the mixture above the melting temperature of at least one of the metals of the DAM to form a melt, removing any slag that forms on the melt, cooling the melt to form a solid, reducing the particle size thereof to form a renewed particulate DAM catalyst, which is then returned to the reactor. Wherein the DAM catalyst is a Raney catalyst, a leachable metal is added to the reduced hydrocarbon mixture or the melt under non-oxidizing conditions and, after the solid is reduced to a fine particle size, extracting the leachable metal with caustic. The activity of the DAM may be modified or enhanced during the process by the addition of promoter metals, or prior to being returned to the reactor, by slurry low temperature oxidation followed by reduction at elevated temperature, and may further be enhanced by being passivated prior to being returned to the reactor. The catalyst may be withdrawn and replaced periodically or continuously during the operation of the reactor.
대표청구항▼
A method is disclosed for renewing the activity of a Dispersed Active Metal (DAM) catalyst during operation of a reactor wherein the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide to produce a mixture of hydrocarbons is being carried out comprising withdrawing a mixture of hydrocarbons and a portion of the DAM ca
A method is disclosed for renewing the activity of a Dispersed Active Metal (DAM) catalyst during operation of a reactor wherein the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide to produce a mixture of hydrocarbons is being carried out comprising withdrawing a mixture of hydrocarbons and a portion of the DAM catalyst, reducing the hydrocarbon content thereof, heating the mixture above the melting temperature of at least one of the metals of the DAM to form a melt, removing any slag that forms on the melt, cooling the melt to form a solid, reducing the particle size thereof to form a renewed particulate DAM catalyst, which is then returned to the reactor. Wherein the DAM catalyst is a Raney catalyst, a leachable metal is added to the reduced hydrocarbon mixture or the melt under non-oxidizing conditions and, after the solid is reduced to a fine particle size, extracting the leachable metal with caustic. The activity of the DAM may be modified or enhanced during the process by the addition of promoter metals, or prior to being returned to the reactor, by slurry low temperature oxidation followed by reduction at elevated temperature, and may further be enhanced by being passivated prior to being returned to the reactor. The catalyst may be withdrawn and replaced periodically or continuously during the operation of the reactor. e Peripheral Position", Bioconjugate Chem., 10:94-102 (1999). Mettath et al., "Effect of Substituents in Directing the Formation of Benzochlorins and Isobacteriochlorins in Porphyrin and Chlorin Systems", Org. Letts., 1(12):1961-1964 (1999). Moesta et al., "Protoporphyrin IX Occurs Naturally in Colorectal Cancers and Their Metastases", Cancer Res., 61:991-999 (2001). Morgan et al., "Comparison of Photodynamic Targets in a Carcinoma Cell Line and Its Mitochondrial DNA-Deficient Derivative", Photochem. Photobiol., 71(6):747-757 (2000). Moskal et al., "Operation and Photodynamic Therapy for Pleural Mesothelioma: 6-Year Follow-up", Ann Thorac Surg., 6-:1128-1133 (1998). Nseyo et al., "Dihematoporphyrin Ether Clearance in Primate Bladders", J. Urol., 360:1363-1366 (1986). Nseyo et al., "Photodynamic Therapy in the Management of Resistant Lower Urinary Tract Carcinoma", Cancer, 60:3113-3119 (1987). Nseyo et al., "Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) in the Treatment of Patients with Resistant Superficial Bladder Cancer: A Long Term Experience", J. Clin. Laser Med. Surg., 16(1):61-68 (1998). Pandey et al., "Alkyl Ether Analogs of Chlorophyll-a Derivatives: Part 1. Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and Photodynamic Efficacy", Photochem. Photobiol., 64(1):194-204 (1996). Pandey et al., "Chlorin and Porphyrin Derivatives as Potential Photosensitizers in Photodynamic Therapy", Photochem. Photobiol., 53(1):65-72 (1991). Pandey et al., "Comparative in vivo Sensitizing Efficacy of Porphyrin and Chlorin Dimers Joined with Ester, Ether, Carbon_Carbon or Amide Bonds", J. Mol. Recognition, 9(2):118-122 (1996). Pandey et al., "Evaluation of New Benzoporphyrin Derivative with Enhanced PDT Efficacy", Photochem. Photobiol., 62(4):764-768 (1995). Pandey et al., "Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectral Anlayses of Photofrin II and its Synthetic Analogs", Biomed. Environ. Mass Spect., 19:405-414 (1990). Pandey et al., "Porphyrin Dimers as Photosensitizers in Photodynamic Therapy", J. Med. Chem., 33:2032-2038 (1990). Pandey et al., "Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, in Vivo Photosensitizing Efficacy, and Human Serum Albumin Binding Properties of Some Novel Bacteriochlorins", J. Med. Chem., 40:2770-2779 (1997). Pandey et al., "Sy
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