초록 ▼

A method of making fine dry particles of substances is provided by forming a composition comprising a substance of interest and a supercritical or near critical fluid; rapidly reducing the pressure on said composition, whereby droplets are formed; and passing said droplets through a flow of heated g

A method of making fine dry particles of substances is provided by forming a composition comprising a substance of interest and a supercritical or near critical fluid; rapidly reducing the pressure on said composition, whereby droplets are formed; and passing said droplets through a flow of heated gas. The process does not require any organic solvent.

대표청구항 ▼

A method of making fine dry particles of substances is provided by forming a composition comprising a substance of interest and a supercritical or near critical fluid; rapidly reducing the pressure on said composition, whereby droplets are formed; and passing said droplets through a flow of heated g

A method of making fine dry particles of substances is provided by forming a composition comprising a substance of interest and a supercritical or near critical fluid; rapidly reducing the pressure on said composition, whereby droplets are formed; and passing said droplets through a flow of heated gas. The process does not require any organic solvent. B 1983, 33, 141-147. Fenniri, H. Curr. Med. Chem. 1996, 3, 343-378. Govil A. et al. Hung, J. Ind. Chem. 1989, 17, 545-561. Guyer Jr., A. Chimia 1967, 21, 134-135. Hanak, J.J. J. Mater. Sci. 1970, 5, 964-971. Hanak, J.J. RCA Technical Report, 1969. Harold, M.P. et al. Chem. Eng. Sci. 1985, 40, 39-52. Hill, C.L. et al. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 1996, 114, 103-111. Janda, K.D. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1994, 91, 2532-2536. Jensen, J.V. et al. Proc. Int. Congr. Catal. 6thvol. 2, G.C. Bond et al., ed., 1977, Chemical Society, 796-805. Kauffman, S. Perspect. Drug Discovery Des. 1995, 2, 319-326. Komarov, V.S. et al. Ablsorbts. Adsorbenty 1981, 9, 3-9. Krevzer, D. et al., Appl. Catal. 1985, 15, 117-126. Kul'kova, N.V. et al. Khim. Prom. 1968, 44, 656-658. Langreth, R., Wall Street J., Sep. 11, 1995. Leparlouer, P. et al. Thermochim. Acta 1986, 103, 21-26. Lundgren, S. et al. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1994, 65, 2696-2703. MacBeath, G. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6101-6106. Machiels, C.J., ACS Symp. Ser. 1982, 178, 239-251. McIntyre, N.S., et al. Surf. Rev. Lett. 1995, 2, 689-699. Menger, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 666-6667. Moates, F.C. et al. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1996, 35, 4801-4803. Nessler 59 J. Org. Chem. 4723. Ng, K.T. et al. J. Phys. Chem. 1976, 80, 2094-2102. Posner, B. et al. Gene 1993, 128, 111-117. Posner, B. et al. Trends Biochem. Sci. 1994, 19, 145-150. Schuth, F. et al. J. Chem. Phys. 1990, 92, 745-756. Sharma, S. et al. J. Catal. 1988, 110, 103-116. Spitsyn, V.I. et al. Kinet. Katal. 1982, 23, 759-761. Sudhak'ar, C. et al. Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 1993, 75, 1419-1430. Sullivan, Today Chem. at Work, 14. Tawfik, D.S. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1993, 90, 373-377. Van Wagner, J. et al. Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 1984, 19, 497-503. Wenske, R., Tech. Umweltschutz 1976, 14, 169-197. Xiang, 268 Science 1738. Yamamoto, S.Y. et al. J. Chem. Phys. 1995, 103, 8209-8215. Zingg, D.S. et al. J. Phys. Chem. 1980, 84, 2989-2906. Anderson, J.A., J. Catal. 1993, 142, 153-165. Barbas et al., "Assembly of Combinatorial Antibody Libraries on Phage Surfaces: The Gene III Site." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., vol. 88 (Sep. 1991), pp. 7978-7982. Blake, James and Litzi-Davis, Lenonara, "Evaluation of Peptide Libraries: An Interative Strategy to Analyze the Reactivity of Peptide Mixtures with Antibodies." Bioconjugate Chem., vol. 3, No. 6 (1992), pp. 510-513. Bray et al. "The Simultaneous Multiple Production of Solution Phase Peptides; Assessment of the Geysen Method of Simultaneous Peptide Synthesis." Tetrahedron Letters, vol. 31, No. 40 (1990), pp. 5811-5814. Bunin et al. "The combinatorial Synthesis and Chemical and Biological Evaluation of 1,4-benzodiazepine Library." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 91 (May 1994), pp. 4708-4712. Clausen, B.S., et al., J. Catl. 1991, 132, 524-535. Coq, B. et al. J. Molec. Catal. 1989, 55, 34-42. Cwirla et al. "Peptides on Phage; A Vast Library of Peptides for Identifying Ligands." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., vol. 87 (Aug. 1990), pp. 6378-6382. Devlin et al. "Random Peptide Libraries: A Source of Specific Protein Binding Molecules." Science, vol. 249 (Jul. 27, 1990), pp. 404-406. DeWitt et al., (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 6909-6913, "Diversomers": An approach to nonpeptide, nonoligomeric chemical diversity. DiSalvo, Francis J., "Solid-State Chemistry: A Rediscovered Chemical Frontier." Science, vol. 247 (Feb. 9, 1990), pp. 649-655. Ellington, Andrew D. and Szostak, Jack W. "In Vitro Selection of RNA Molecules that Bind Specific Ligands." Nature, vol. 346 (Aug. 30, 199), pp. 818-822. Faudon et al., J. of Catalysis 144: 460-471 (1993, "Properties of Supported Pd-Ni Catalysts Prepared by Coexchange and by Organometallic Chemistry". Fawcett, T. CHEMTECH 1987, 17, 564-569. Finnie, K.S., et al., Chem. Aust. 1993, 60, 180-182. Fodor et al. Light-Directed, Spatially Addressable Parallel Chemical Synthesis. Science, vol. 2251 (Feb. 15, 1991) pp. 767-773. Forrest, W.J., et al., Text of report presented at the "Infrared Detector Technology Workshop" held at NASA Ames Research Center Aug. 13-14, 1985, N87-13715. Gallop et al., (1994) J. Med. chem. 37 (9): 1233-1251, "Applications of Combinatorial Technologies to Drug Discovery. 1. Background and Peptide Combinatorial Libraries". Gasiot et al., (1980), Nuclear Instruments and Methods 175: 96-97, "Multisample Thermoluminescence Reading". Gates, B., "Summary of Accomplishments in DOE-Sponsored Project Entitled Metal-Support Bonds in Supported Metal", DOE/ER/13790--3, DE91 005004. Georgiades et al. "IR Emission Analysis of Temperature Profiles in Pt/SiO2 Catalysts During Exothermic Reactions," Angew. Chem Int. Ed. Engl., 26(10):1042-1043 (1987). Geysen et al. "Strategies for Epitope Analysis Using Peptide Synthesis." Journal of Immunological Methods, 102 (1987), pp. 259-274. Gordon et al, (1994) J. of Medicinal Chemistry 37 (10):1385-1401, "Applications of Combinatorial Technologies to Drug Discovery: 2. Combinatorial Organic Synthesis, Library Screening Strategies and Future Directions". Gratton, L.M. et al., Appl. Spectrosc. 1978, 32, 310-316. Hamilton et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1986) 108: 5158-5167, "Coreceptor Molecules. Synthesis of Mettalloreceptors Containing Porphyrin Subunits and Formation of Mixed Substrate Supermolecules by Binding of Organic Substrates and of Metal Ions". Hanak (1975), Le Vide 175: 11-18, "Co-sputtering Its limitations and possibilities". Hanak et al., (1972), J. Appl. Phys. 43 (4): 1666-1673, "Calculation of Deposition Profiles and Compositional Analysis of Cosputtered Films". Hanak et al., (1976) RCA Review vol. 37: 220-223, "Model of Target Cross-Contamination During Co-Sputtering". Hanak et al., (1979), Presented at the 1979 Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Berlin (west), "Optimization Studies of Materials in Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells". Hanak, "Compositional Determination of rf Co-Sputtered Multicomponent Systems," J. Vac. Sci. and Tech., 8(1):172-175 (1971). Hanak, "Electroluminescence in ZnS:Mnx: Cuyrf-Sputtered Flims," Japan J. Appl. Phy., Suppl. 2, Pt. 1, pp. 809-812 (1974). Hanak, et al., "Calculation of Composition of Dilute Cosputtered Multicomponent Films," J. Appl. Phys., 44(11): 5142-5147 (1973). Hanak, et al., "Radio-Frequency Sputtered Films of β-Tungsten Structure Compounds," J. Appl. Phys., 41(12): 4958-4962 (1970). Hanak, et al., "The Effect of Grain Size of the Superconducting Transition Temperature of the Transition Metals," Physics Letters, 30A(3):201-202 (1969). Hanak, RCA Laboratories, "Automation of the Search for Electronic Materials by Means of Co-Sputtering". Hardisty et al. "Thermal Imaging in Electronics and Rotating Machinery," British Journal of NDT, 36(2):73-78 (1994). Hegedus et al., J. Amer. Chem. Soc. (1973) 95 (9), "Alkylation of Acid Halides by Alkyrhodium (I) Complexes". Hoffmann, (1981) Science 211 (4486): 995-1002, "Theoretical Organmetallic Chemistry". Hong, L. et al. J. Molec. Catal. 1992, 77, 273-282. Houghten et al. "Generation and Use of Synthetic Peptide Combinatorial Libraries for Basic Research and Drug Discovery." Nature, vol. 354 (Nov. 7, 1991), pp. 84-86. Jansson, M. et al. J. Chromatgr. 1992, 626, 310-314. Jonker, et al., Physica, XIX:120-130 (1953). Kember, D.R., et al., J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Tans 2, 1981, 77 1321-1329. Kiezel, L. et al. Chem. Stosow., Ser. A 1968, 12, 407-415, (and Translation). Kobayashi, H., et al., Cat. Rev.--Sci. Eng., 10(2), 139-176 (1974). Lam et al. "A New Type of Synthetic Peptide Library for Identifying Liband-binding Activity." Nature, vol. 354 (Nov. 7, 1994), pp. 82-84. Leasure et al., (1994) Inorg. Chem. 33 (7): 1247-1248, "Photochemical Preparation of a Film-Based Catalyst with Spatial Control". Lerner et al. "At the Crossroads of Chemistry and Immunology: Catalytic Antibodies." Science, vol. 242 (May 3, 1991) pp. 659-667. Lewis, E.N. , et al., Anal. Chem. 67, 3377-3381 (1995). Liederman, D. et al. Prepr., Div. Pet. Chem., Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 18, 15-32. Lin et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc (1987), 109:4127-4129, "Models for Organometallic Molecule-Supported Complexes, Synthesis and Properties of Cationic Organometallics". Lobban et al. "Standing Temperature Wave son Electrically Heated Catalytic Ribbons," J. Phys. Chem., 93:733-736 (1989). Mahendiran, et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum., 66(4):3071-3072 (1995). Markham, J.R., et al., Appl. Spectrosc. 1994, 48, 265-270. Martin et al., (1993) Analytica Chimica Acta 281: 557-568, "Integrated enzyme reactor/detector for the determination of multiple substrates by images analysis". Mazzarese, D., et al., J. Electron. Mater. 1992, 21, 329-333. McClory, M.M. et al., J. Chem. Phys., 1986, 90, 628-633. Mittasch, Advances in Catalysis and Related Subjects vol. II (1950) pp. 81-105. Morita, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Part 1-Regular Papers & Short, Notes, 1985, V24, N6, P723-727, "Improved Counter-Electrode Used in Two-Dimensional Electrochromic Writing Board". Morrison, Jr., P.W., et al., J. Vac. Sci. Technol., A 1993, 11, 490-502. N. Toshima Yuki Gosei Kagaku Kyokaishi 36, 909-916. Needels et al. "Generation and Screening of an Oligonucleotide-encoded Synthetic Peptide Library." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 90 (Nov. 1993), pp. 10700-10704. Nogin, Yu. N. et al. Catal. Lett. 23, 79-86. Ohlmeyer et al. "Complex Synthetic Chemical Libraries Indexed With Molecular Tags." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 90 (Dec. 1993), pp. 10922-10926. Parrish, W.J., et al., Infrared and Optoelectronic Materials and devices, SPIE vol. 1512, 68-77 (1991). Pawlicki et al. "Spatial Effects on Supported Catalysts," Chemical Engineering Progress, pp. 40-45 (1987). Pinilla, C., et al., Drug Development Research 33:133-145 (1994). Pollack, Scott J. "Selective Chemical Catalysis by an Antibody." Science, vol. 234 (Dec. 19, 1986), pp. 1570-1573. Prairie, M.R., et al., J. Catal., 1991, 129, 130-144. Ramirez de Agudelo, M.M., et al. Chem. Eng. J. 1991, 46, 61-68. Richardson et al., (1989) Applied Catalysis 48: 159-176, "Characterization and Deactivation of NiO-ThO2". Sarkany, J. et al. Appl. Spectrosc. 1982, 36, 320-322. Scott, Jamie K. and Smith, George P. "Searching for Peptide Ligands with an Epitope Library." Science, vol. 249 (Jul. 27, 1990), pp. 286-390. Seah et al., 1983 Practical Surface Analysis by Auger and X-ray Photolectron Sspectroscopy, "Chapter 1. A Perspective on the Analysis of Surfaces and Interfaces". Johnson, R.C. et al., Analytical Calorimetry, vol. 5, Plenum Press, New York and London, pp. 133-141. Jackel, D.P., DECHEMA Monographs vol. 132--VCH Verlagsgesellschaft 1995. Stangl, R., et al., Proc.--SPIE 994, 2255, 685-696. Takeuchi, M., et al., Shigen to Kankyo, 1995, 4, 429-434. Tramontano et al. "Catalytic Antibodies." Science, vol. 234 (Dec. 19, 1986), pp. 1566-1570. Tuerk, Craig and Gold, Larry. "Systemic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment: RNA Ligands to Bacteriophage T4 DNA Polymerase." Science, vol. 249 (Aug. 3, 1990), pp. 505-510. Uetsuka, H., et al., Surface Science 1996, 363, 73-78. van Woerkom, P.C.M. et al., Appl. Optics, 1980, 19, 2546-2550. Vassallo, A.M., et al., Appl. Spectrosc. 1992, 46, 73-78. Vignes, S., et al., Compt. Rend. Congr. Ind. Gaz. 1961, 78, 405-411. Voyatzis, R. et al. Energy Fuels 1994, 8, 1106-1114. Wang, H., et al., Ceram. Trans. 1996. 74, 609-618. Wangmaneerat, B., et al., Appl. Spectrosc., 1992, 46, 1447-1453. Yamaguchi, et al., Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 64(6):1885-1888 (1995). Research on the IJ, The History of the Amsterdam Lab, Shell Research B.V., Market Books B.V. Publishers, (1989) ISBN: 90 6593 106 6 [with translation].