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A control apparatus for controlling a hybrid automotive vehicle including an engine and an electric motor as drive power sources for driving the vehicle, and an electric generator operable by the engine to charge a battery while the vehicle is driven by the engine. The control apparatus includes a c

A control apparatus for controlling a hybrid automotive vehicle including an engine and an electric motor as drive power sources for driving the vehicle, and an electric generator operable by the engine to charge a battery while the vehicle is driven by the engine. The control apparatus includes a charging opportunity selecting device operable to determine whether the battery should be charged by the electric generator, on the basis of at least one of a required charging amount of electric energy with which the battery is charged and an energy conversion efficiency of said electric generator.

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A control apparatus for controlling a hybrid automotive vehicle including an engine and an electric motor as drive power sources for driving the vehicle, and an electric generator operable by the engine to charge a battery while the vehicle is driven by the engine. The control apparatus includes a c

A control apparatus for controlling a hybrid automotive vehicle including an engine and an electric motor as drive power sources for driving the vehicle, and an electric generator operable by the engine to charge a battery while the vehicle is driven by the engine. The control apparatus includes a charging opportunity selecting device operable to determine whether the battery should be charged by the electric generator, on the basis of at least one of a required charging amount of electric energy with which the battery is charged and an energy conversion efficiency of said electric generator. id plurality of flow paths are substantially equal. 12. A microfluidic fluid circuit comprising: an inlet; an outlet; and a plurality of flow paths that branch from the inlet, each providing a fluid connection between the inlet and the outlet; wherein at least a portion of each said flow path comprises a microchannel, and wherein each flow path is configured to produce a predetermined pressure drop for fluid flowing through the flow path at a predetermined flow rate, and wherein the resistance of each said flow path to fluid flow has been selected to produce flow rates of fluid through the flow paths in predetermined ratio with respect to other flow paths under wetted fluid circuit conditions. 13. The microfluidic fluid circuit according to claim 12, wherein at least two of the flow paths contain passive fluid flow barriers, whereby fluid is prevented from advancing past a passive fluid flow barrier under non-wetted fluid circuit conditions until the fluid at the passive fluid flow barrier reaches a threshold pressure, thereby providing controlled filling of a portion of the microfluidic circuit upstream of the passive fluid flow barrier. 14. The microfluidic fluid circuit according to claim 13, wherein each of the passive fluid flow barriers comprises a short microchannel narrowing. 15. The microfluidic fluid circuit according to claim 13, wherein the passive fluid flow barrier is prod