초록 ▼

An article is provided that is highly resistant to localized normal indentation, or indentation tensile stresses, against its surface. The article is a stacked array of at least five layer units each having local anisotropy in at least one direction. Each unit has an adjacent unit that differs in a

An article is provided that is highly resistant to localized normal indentation, or indentation tensile stresses, against its surface. The article is a stacked array of at least five layer units each having local anisotropy in at least one direction. Each unit has an adjacent unit that differs in a mechanical property, or offset in principle axis of anisotropy by less than 45°. The article forms part of a construction constructed and positioned to withstand indentation, or contact damage, detrimental to its use having a component normal to any tangent of the surface. The article can be a stacked array of fiber-reinforced polymeric material, i.e., prepreg, with the fiber direction offset from each layer to the next by less than 45°. Methods of making the article and methods of use of the article to resist impact are provided. Also provided are articles having surfaces, the surfaces being constructed and arranged to withstand sliding contact stress. The surfaces of these articles are functionally-graded.

대표청구항 ▼

An article is provided that is highly resistant to localized normal indentation, or indentation tensile stresses, against its surface. The article is a stacked array of at least five layer units each having local anisotropy in at least one direction. Each unit has an adjacent unit that differs in a

An article is provided that is highly resistant to localized normal indentation, or indentation tensile stresses, against its surface. The article is a stacked array of at least five layer units each having local anisotropy in at least one direction. Each unit has an adjacent unit that differs in a mechanical property, or offset in principle axis of anisotropy by less than 45°. The article forms part of a construction constructed and positioned to withstand indentation, or contact damage, detrimental to its use having a component normal to any tangent of the surface. The article can be a stacked array of fiber-reinforced polymeric material, i.e., prepreg, with the fiber direction offset from each layer to the next by less than 45°. Methods of making the article and methods of use of the article to resist impact are provided. Also provided are articles having surfaces, the surfaces being constructed and arranged to withstand sliding contact stress. The surfaces of these articles are functionally-graded. g patch material to the surface, an aggregate comprising rubber particulates that does not decompose in the presence of VOC propellants, selected to give the resulting patch material an irregular surface texture, an anti-foaming agent, and a suspension agent, wherein the fluid-tight container has an actuator for selectively dispensing the hardenable flowable substance in the form of an aerosol spray; and dispensing selectively the hardenable flowable substance onto the patch surface such that the hardenable flowable substance forms a layer having a bumpy, irregular surface texture after being dispensed and curing which matches and is compatible with the acoustic ceiling material surrounding the patch. 2. The method of repairing an acoustic ceiling material according to claim 1, wherein the hardenable flowable substance has the following composition by percentage weight: the liquid base of 20-70%; the filler of 40-80%; the adhesive binder of 1-50%; the propellant of 5-20%; the aggregate of 2-40%; the anti-foaming agent of 1-10%; and the suspension agent of 1-20%. 3. The method of repairing an acoustic ceiling material according to claim 2, wherein: the liquid base consists essentially of water; the filler consists essentially of a mixture of limestone and clay; the adhesive binder consists essentially of polyvinyl alcohol; the propellant consists essentially of dimethyl ether; the rubber particulates of the aggregate are open-cell; the suspension agent consists essentially of carbonal. 4. The method of repairing an acoustic ceiling material according to claim 2, wherein: the liquid base consists essentially of a solvent; the filler consists essentially of a mixture of limestone and clay; the adhesive binder consists essentially of polyvinyl alcohol; the propellant consists essentially of dimethyl ether; the rubber particulates of the aggregate are open-cell; the suspension agent consists essentially of carbonal. 5. The method of repairing an acoustic ceiling material according to claim 1, the hardenable flowable substance further comprising: a fungicide. 6. The method of repairing an acoustic ceiling material according to claim 1, the hardenable flowable substance further comprising: an anti-freeze. 7. The method of repairing an acoustic ceiling material according to claim 6, wherein the anti-freeze consists essentially of ethylene glycol. 8. The method of repairing an acoustic ceiling material according to claim 5, wherein the fungicide has a composition by percentage weight of 0.05-5%. 9. The method of repairing an acoustic ceiling material according to claim 6, wherein the anti-freeze has a composition by percentage weight of 1-10%. 10. A method for forming a layer of textured patch material on a surface comprising the steps of: storing a hardenable, flowable substance for application to a patch surface surrounded by an acoustic ceiling material having an irregular surface texture in a fluid-tight dispensing container, said hardenable, flowable substance comprising a mixture of: a liquid base substance, a filler substance of a material selected to form an extender or bodifier for the resulting patch material, an adhesive binder of a material selected to adhere the resulting patch material to the surface, a volatile organic compound (VOC) propellant, a suspension agent, and an aggregate comprising VOC-durable rubber particulates selected to give the resulting patch material an irregular surface texture, wherein said fluid-tight container has an actuator for selectively dispensing said hardenable, flowable substance in the form of an aerosol spray; and selectively dispensing the hardenable, flowable substance onto the patch surface such that the hardenable flowable substance forms a bumpy, irregular surface texture after being dispensed and curing which matches and is compatible with the acoustic ceiling material surrounding the patch. 11. The method for forming a layer of textured patch material as in claim 10, the hardenable, flowable substance further including from 1 to 20 percent by weight suspension agent. 12. The method for forming a layer of textured patch material as in claim 10, the hardenable, flowable substance further including an anti-foaming agent. 13. The method for forming a layer of textured patch material as in claim 10, the hardenable, flowable substance further including from 1 to 10 percent by weight anti-foaming agent. 14. The method for forming a layer of textured patch material as defined in claim 10, wherein said hardenable, flowable substance has the following composition by percentage weight: 20 to 70 percent by weight liquid base substance; 40 to 80 percent by weight filler substance; 1 to 50 percent by weight adhesive binder; 5 to 20 percent by weight propellant; and 2 to 40 percent by weight aggregate. 15. The method for forming a layer of textured patch material as defined in claim 10, wherein: the liquid base substance consists essentially of water; the filler substance consists essentially of a mixture of limestone and clay; the adhesive binder consists essentially of polyvinyl alcohol; the propellant consists essentially of dimethyl ether; and the aggregate is at least one of rubber particulates and polyethylene particulates. 16. The method for forming a layer of textured patch material as defined in claim 15, wherein the particulates of the aggregate are open-cell. 17. The method for forming a layer of textured patch material as defined in claim 10, wherein: the liquid base consists essentially of a solvent; the filler consists essentially of a mixture of limestone and clay; the adhesive binder consists essentially of polyvinyl alcohol; the propellant consists essentially of dimethyl ether; and the aggregate is at least one of rubber particulates and polyethylene particulates. 18. The method for forming a layer of textured patch material as defined in claim 17, wherein the particulates of the aggregate are open-cell. 19. The method for forming a layer of textured patch material as defined in claim 10, the hardenable, flowable substance further comprising: a fungicide. 20. The method for forming a layer of textured patch material as defined in claim 10, the hardenable, flowable substance further comprising: anti-freeze. 21. The method for forming a layer of textured patch material as defined in claim 20, wherein the anti-freeze consists essentially of ethylene glycol. 22. The method for forming a layer of textured patch material as defined in claim 19, wherein the fungicide has a composition by percentage weight of from 0.05% to 5%. 23. The method for forming a layer of textured patch material as defined in claim 20, wherein the antifreeze has a composition by percentage weight of from 1 to 10%.