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There is provided an improved system and process for the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide to form a mixture of hydrocarbons utilizing a plurality of reactors in series. Synthesis gas entering the system under pressure is partially converted in at least one initial stage reactor and the eff

There is provided an improved system and process for the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide to form a mixture of hydrocarbons utilizing a plurality of reactors in series. Synthesis gas entering the system under pressure is partially converted in at least one initial stage reactor and the effluent therefrom introduced into a final stage reactor. In the at least one initial stage reactor, a portion of the catalyst is continuously or periodically removed with some hydrocarbons and treated to renew, or renew and enhance it, and returned. The treatment comprises reducing the hydrocarbon context of the withdrawn mixture, heating to a temperature above at least one of the metals in the catalyst thereby forming a melt, removing any slag forming on the melt, cooling the melt and reducing the particle size of the resulting solid to a fine powder of renewed catalyst. The renewed catalyst may be treated to further enhance its properties by slurry low temperature oxidation or passivated before being returned to the at least one initial stage reactor. The final stage reactor, which has a catalyst of the same type or differing from that in the at least one initial stage reactor, receives a feed therefrom having a substantially reduced level of impurities, thereby enhancing the efficiency and longevity of the catalyst contained therein. The system can further employ at least one intermediate stage reactor configured so that all stages are operably connected in series and all reactors with a given stage are operably connected in parallel.

대표청구항 ▼

There is provided an improved system and process for the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide to form a mixture of hydrocarbons utilizing a plurality of reactors in series. Synthesis gas entering the system under pressure is partially converted in at least one initial stage reactor and the eff

There is provided an improved system and process for the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide to form a mixture of hydrocarbons utilizing a plurality of reactors in series. Synthesis gas entering the system under pressure is partially converted in at least one initial stage reactor and the effluent therefrom introduced into a final stage reactor. In the at least one initial stage reactor, a portion of the catalyst is continuously or periodically removed with some hydrocarbons and treated to renew, or renew and enhance it, and returned. The treatment comprises reducing the hydrocarbon context of the withdrawn mixture, heating to a temperature above at least one of the metals in the catalyst thereby forming a melt, removing any slag forming on the melt, cooling the melt and reducing the particle size of the resulting solid to a fine powder of renewed catalyst. The renewed catalyst may be treated to further enhance its properties by slurry low temperature oxidation or passivated before being returned to the at least one initial stage reactor. The final stage reactor, which has a catalyst of the same type or differing from that in the at least one initial stage reactor, receives a feed therefrom having a substantially reduced level of impurities, thereby enhancing the efficiency and longevity of the catalyst contained therein. The system can further employ at least one intermediate stage reactor configured so that all stages are operably connected in series and all reactors with a given stage are operably connected in parallel. 881-893. Ohtsuka et al., "An Alternative Approach to Deoxyoligonucleotides as Hybridization Probes by Insertion of Deoxyinosine at Amibigous Codon Positions" (1985) J. Biol. Chem. vol. 260, No. 5, pp. 2605-2608. Olson et al., "Identification an Characterization of dppA, an Escherichia coli Gene Encoding a Periplasmic Dipeptide Transport Protein" (1991) J. Bacteriol 173:234-244. Payne, J. et al., "Peptide Transport by Micro-organisms" (1994) Adv. In Microbiol. Physiol. vol. 36, pp. 1-80. Pearson, W. et al., "Improved tools for biological sequence comparison" (1988) PNAS USA vol. 85, pp. 2444. Perego et al., "The oligopeptide transport system of Bacillus subtilis plays a role in the initiation of sporulatin" (1991) I. 5:173-185. Perego M. et al., "Aspartyl phosphate phosphatases deactivate the response regulator components of the sporulation signal transduction system in Bacillus subtilis" (1996) Mol Microbiol. 19:1151-1157. Perego, M. et al., "Cell-cell communication regulates the effects of protein aspartate phosphatases on the phosphorelay controlling development in Bacillus subtilis" (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:1549-1553. Perego, M. et al., "Multiple protein-aspartate phosphatases provide a mechanism for the integration of diverse signals in the control of development in B. subtilis" (1994) Cell 79:1047-1055. Perego, M., "A peptide export-import control circuit modulating bacterial development regulates protein phosphatases of the phosphorelay" (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:8612-8617. Podbielski, A. et al., "Novel series of plasmid vectors for gene inactivation and expression analysis in group A streptococci (GAS)" (1996) Gene 177:137-147. Podbiel