Barr, Jr., Karl F.Brooks, Cary W.Deschere, Linda M.
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
17인용 특허 :
21
초록▼
A proton exchange membrane fuel cell including a membrane electrode assembly comprising a proton transmissive membrane, a catalytic anode layer on one face of the membrane, and a catalytic cathode layer on the other face of the membrane. The fuel cell further includes a gas distribution layer on eac
A proton exchange membrane fuel cell including a membrane electrode assembly comprising a proton transmissive membrane, a catalytic anode layer on one face of the membrane, and a catalytic cathode layer on the other face of the membrane. The fuel cell further includes a gas distribution layer on each of the cathode and anode layers defining a gas flow field extending over each of the catalytic layers. The membrane electrode assembly has a convoluted configuration whereby to increase the ratio of membrane area to planar fuel cell area and thereby increase the electrical output of the fuel cell for a given planar area size fuel cell. The convoluted configuration of the membrane electrode assembly also facilitates the division of the gas distribution layers into separate parallel channels thereby allowing the use of an inexpensive foam material for the gas distribution layers irrespective of the inherent variations in porosity of foam materials.
대표청구항▼
A proton exchange membrane fuel cell including a membrane electrode assembly comprising a proton transmissive membrane, a catalytic anode layer on one face of the membrane, and a catalytic cathode layer on the other face of the membrane. The fuel cell further includes a gas distribution layer on eac
A proton exchange membrane fuel cell including a membrane electrode assembly comprising a proton transmissive membrane, a catalytic anode layer on one face of the membrane, and a catalytic cathode layer on the other face of the membrane. The fuel cell further includes a gas distribution layer on each of the cathode and anode layers defining a gas flow field extending over each of the catalytic layers. The membrane electrode assembly has a convoluted configuration whereby to increase the ratio of membrane area to planar fuel cell area and thereby increase the electrical output of the fuel cell for a given planar area size fuel cell. The convoluted configuration of the membrane electrode assembly also facilitates the division of the gas distribution layers into separate parallel channels thereby allowing the use of an inexpensive foam material for the gas distribution layers irrespective of the inherent variations in porosity of foam materials. Science & Processing (Germany), p. 101-104, (Jun. 7, 2000). Ishikawa et al., "Crystal structure and electrical properties of epitaxial SrBi2Ta2O9 films," Journal of Applied Physics, American Institute of Physics (USA), vol. 87 (Nov. 11), p. 8018-9023, (Jun. 1, 2000). Lettieri et al., "Epitaxial growth of non-c-oriented SrBi2Nb2O9 on (111) SrTiO3," Applied Physics Letters, American Institute of Physics (USA), vol. 76 (No. 20), p. 2937-2939, (May 15, 2000). Zurbuchen et al., "Morphology and Electrical Properties of Epitaxial SrBi2Nb2O9 Films," ISIF 2000 (Germany), p. 51, (Mar. 13, 2000). Saito et al., "Characterization of Residual Stress Free (001)- and (116)-oriented SrBi2Ta2O9 Thin Films Epitaxially Grown on (001) and (110) SrTiO3 Single Crystals," ISIF 2000 (Germany), p. 71, (Mar. 13, 2000). Scott, J., "Nano-Scale Ferroelectrics for Gbit Memory Application," ISIF 2000 (Germany), p. 102, (Mar. 14, 2000). Pignolet et al., "Dependence of Ferroelectricity in Epitaxial Pulsed Laser Deposited Bismuth-Layered Perovskite Thin Films on the Crystallographic Orientation," ISIF 2000 (Germany), p. 111, (Mar. 14, 2000). Pignolet et al., "Orientation dependence of ferroelectricity in pulsed-laser-deposited epitaxial bismuth-layered perovskite thin films," Applied Physics A, Materials Science & Processing (Germany), p. 283-291, (Feb. 23, 2000). Moon et al., "Controlled growth of a-/ b- and c-axis oriented epitaxial SrBi2Ta2O9 thin films," Applied Physics Letters, American Institute of Physics (USA), vol. 75 (No. 18), p. 2827-2829, (Nov. 1, 1999). Ishikawa et al., "Electrical properties of (001)- and (116)-oriented epitaxial SrBi2Ta2O9 thin films prepared by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition," Applied Physics Letters, American Institute of Physics (USA), vol. 75 (No. 13), p. 1970-1972, (Sep. 27, 1999). Alexe et al., "Patterning and switching of nanosize ferroelectric memory cells," Applied Physics Letters, American Institute of Physics (USA), vol. 75 (No. 12), p. 1793-1795, (Sep. 20, 1999). Gruverman, A., "Scaling effect on statistical behavior of switching parameters of ferroelectric capacitors," Applied Physics Letters, American Institute of Physics (USA), vol. 75 (Nov. 10), p. 1452-1454, (Sep. 6, 1999). Nagahama et al., "Epitaxy of (106)-oriented SrBi2Ta2O9 and SrBi2Nb2O9 thin films," Thin Solid Films, Elsevier Science S.A. (Netherlands), vol. 353, p. 52-55, (1999). Shimakawa et al., "Crystal structures and ferroelectric properties of SrBi2Ta2O9 and Sr0.8Bi2.2ta2O9," Applied Physics Letters, American Institute of Physics (USA), vol. 74 (No. 13), p. 1904-1906, (Mar. 29, 1999). Lettieri et al., "Epitaxial growth of (001)-oriented and (110)-oriented SrBi2Ta2O9 thin films," Applied Physics Letters, American Institute of Physics (USA), vol. 73 (No. 20), p. 2923-2925, (Nov. 16, 1998). Sanchez et al., "Epitaxial growth of SrTiO3 (00h), (0hh), and (hhh) thin films on buffered Si(001)," J. Mater. Res., Materials Research Society (USA), vol. 13 (No. 6), p. 1422-1425, (Jun. 1998). Pignolet et al., "Epitaxial and Large Area PLD Ferroelectric Thin Film Heterstr
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