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The inventive chiral laser achieves lasing by placing an electro-luminescent emitting layer with quarter wave plate properties and a layer of cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) between two electrodes. The electrode connected to the emitting layer is highly reflective and serves as a source of electron

The inventive chiral laser achieves lasing by placing an electro-luminescent emitting layer with quarter wave plate properties and a layer of cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) between two electrodes. The electrode connected to the emitting layer is highly reflective and serves as a source of electrons, while the second electrode, connected to the hole-transporting CLC, serves as a source of holes. The recombination of electrons and holes in the emitting layer produces luminescence. If a right handed CLC structure is used, then right circularly polarized emission is reflected from the CLC as right circularly polarized light, and then converted to linear polarized light by passing through quarter wave plate emitting layer. It is then reflected by the electrode and converted again into the right circularly polarized light in a second pass through the quarter wave plate emitting layer. The emitted and reflected light emissions are incrementally amplified on each pass through the emitting layer and thus a laser cavity is formed. Once a predefined lasing threshold is reached, lasing occurs perpendicular to the CLC layer. Because the laser cavity is formed only for right circularly polarized light, polarized laser emission will occur.

대표청구항 ▼

The inventive chiral laser achieves lasing by placing an electro-luminescent emitting layer with quarter wave plate properties and a layer of cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) between two electrodes. The electrode connected to the emitting layer is highly reflective and serves as a source of electron

The inventive chiral laser achieves lasing by placing an electro-luminescent emitting layer with quarter wave plate properties and a layer of cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) between two electrodes. The electrode connected to the emitting layer is highly reflective and serves as a source of electrons, while the second electrode, connected to the hole-transporting CLC, serves as a source of holes. The recombination of electrons and holes in the emitting layer produces luminescence. If a right handed CLC structure is used, then right circularly polarized emission is reflected from the CLC as right circularly polarized light, and then converted to linear polarized light by passing through quarter wave plate emitting layer. It is then reflected by the electrode and converted again into the right circularly polarized light in a second pass through the quarter wave plate emitting layer. The emitted and reflected light emissions are incrementally amplified on each pass through the emitting layer and thus a laser cavity is formed. Once a predefined lasing threshold is reached, lasing occurs perpendicular to the CLC layer. Because the laser cavity is formed only for right circularly polarized light, polarized laser emission will occur. ne and substantially not including said secondary line. 5. The laser of claim 1, wherein the grating further output couples the laser beam by dispersively reflecting a portion of the beam back into the discharge chamber, such that said primary line is amplified within the discharge chamber and the secondary line is dispersed away from an acceptance angle of the resonator, and by transmitting a main beam having a spectral distribution substantially centered around said primary line and substantially not including said secondary line. 6. The F2laser of claim 1, wherein the line-selection unit includes a grism arranged at a particular orientation for dispersing the plurality of closely-spaced lines including the primary and secondary lines such that only the primary line centered around 157.62 nm remains within the acceptance angle of the resonator and the secondary line centered around 157.52 nm is dispersed outside the acceptance angle of the resonator, such that the F2laser emits a single wavelength laser beam having a narrow spectral bandwidth to provide a narrow band VUV beam. 7. The laser of claim 6, wherein the grism comprises a material selected from the group of materials consisting of calcium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, barium fluorine, strontium fluoride and lithium fluoride. 8. The laser of claim 6, wherein the grism further output couples the laser beam by reflecting a portion of the beam back into the discharge chamber, and by dispersing the remainder of the beam not reflected back into the discharge chamber to separate the primary and secondary lines, such that a main beam has a spectral distribution substantially centered around said primary line and substantially not including said secondary line. 9. The laser of claim 6, wherein the grism further output couples the laser beam by dispersively reflecting a portion of the beam back into the discharge chamber, such that said primary line is amplified within the discharge chamber and the secondary line is dispersed away from an acceptance angle of the resonator, and by transmitting a main beam having a spectral distribution substantially centered around said primary line and substantially not including said second line. 10. The laser of claim 6, wherein the grism further serves as a highly reflective resonator reflector by dispersing and reflecting the beam, such that said primary line is reflected back into the discharge chamber and said secondary line is dispersed away from an acceptance angle of said beam, such that a main beam ultimately outcoupled from the resonator has a spectral distribution substantially centered around said primary line and substantially not including said secondary line. 11. The laser of claim 10, wherein a same optical element within said line-selection unit both disperses and output couples the laser beam. 12. The laser of claim 11, wherein said beam is dispersed before being outcoupled, such that said primary line is reflected back into the discharge chamber and outcoupled within a accpetance angle of said beam, while said secondary line is dispersed away from the discharge chamber and the acceptance angle of said beam. 13. The laser of claim 11, wherein said beam is dispersed after being outcoupled, such that said primary line remains within an acceptance angle of said outcoupled beam and said secondary line is dispersed away from the acceptance angle of said beam. 14. The laser of claim 11, wherein substantially all of the radiation output coupled from the resonator is subject to dispersion at said line-selecting optical element. 15. The laser of claim 14, wherein said line-selecting optical element is a transmission grating. 16. The laser of claim 14, wherein said line-selecting optical element is a transmission grism. 17. An excimer laser, comprising: a discharge chamber filled with a laser gas mixture including molecular fluorine, an active rare gas and a buffer gas for generating a broadband spectral emis sion; a plurality of electrodes within the discharge chamber connected to a power supply circuit for energizing the gas mixture; and a laser resonator including a grism, which has a grating surface and a prism body thereby including two optical element functions within one optical element and reducing a number of optical surfaces and a size of the resonator so that the resonator is more efficient compared with a laser resonator including separate prism and grating optical elements to perform the two optical element functions of the grism, the grism being arranged at a particular orientation for dispersing the broadband spectrum such that only a selected spectral portion of the broadband spectrum remains within the acceptance angle of the resonator and outer portions of the broadband spectrum are dispersed outside the acceptance angle of the resonator, such that the excimer laser emits a narrowband DUV laser beam. 18. The laser of claim 17, wherein the grism comprises a material selected from the group of materials consisting of calcium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, barium fluorine, strontium fluoride and lithium fluoride. 19. The laser of claim 17, wherein the grism further output couples the laser beam by reflecting a portion of the beam back into the discharge chamber, and by dispersing the remainder of the beam not reflected back into the discharge chamber to narrow the bandwidth of the beam, such that a main beam has a spectral distribution substantially centered around said selected spectral portion and substantially not including said outer portions of said broadband emission spectrum of the excimer laser. 20. The laser of claim 17, wherein the grism further output couples the laser beam by dispersively reflecting a portion of the beam back into the discharge chamber, such that said selected spectral portion is amplified within the discharge chamber and the outer portions are dispersed away from an acceptance angle of the resonator, and by transmitting a main beam having a spectral distribution substantially centered around said selected spectral portion and substantially not including said outer portions of said broadband emission spectrum of the excimer laser. 21. The laser of claim 17, wherein the grism further serves as a highly reflective resonator reflector by dispersing and reflecting the beam, such that said selected spectral portion is reflected back into the discharge chamber and said outer portions are dispersed away from an acceptance angle of said beam, such that a main beam ultimately outcoupled from the resonator has a spectral distribution substantially centered around said selected spectral portion and substantially not including said outer portions of said broadband emission spectrum of the excimer laser. 22. The laser of claim 17, wherein the grating surface of the grism is prepared by ion-beam etching. and microphone of the agent and which converts between Voice over Internet Protocol and dedicated connection and audible information of the agent. 4. The method of providing a voice and data path as in claim 3 further comprising establishing a call connection between the voice application of the automatic call distributor and the customer through a call switch of the automatic call distributor. 5. The method of providing a voice and data path as in claim 4 further comprising receiving a call from the customer at a first port of a switch of the automatic call distributor along with an ANI and DNIS number of the call from the public switched telephone network. 6. The method of providing a voice and data path as in claim 5 further comprising determining which agent should handle the call based upon the ANI and DNIS numbers. 7. The method of providing a voice and data path as in claim 6 further comprising retrieving a telephone number of the agent from a lookup table. 8. The method of providing a voice and data path as in claim 6 further comprising transferring the telephone number of the agent to a modem of the automatic call distributor. 9. The method of providing a voice and data path as in claim 8 further comprising transferring the telephone number of the agent from the modem of the automatic call distributor to the public switched telephone network for setup of the dedicated call connection between the modem of the automatic call distributor and modem of the terminal of the agent. 10. The method of providing a voice and data path as in claim 1 wherein the step of establishing the data link between a database application of the automatic call distributor and a database application of the terminal of the agent further comprises transferring an identifier of the host and call to a controller of the dedicated connection and an identifier of the call and a modem of the automatic call distributor supporting the dedicated connection to the host. 11. Apparatus for providing an voice path between a customer call received from a public switched telephone network at a switch of an automatic call distributor and an agent of the automatic call distributor at a remote location from the automatic call distributor and also a data path between a terminal of the agent and a host of the automatic call distributor, such apparatus comprising: means for setting up a dedicated telephone connection between the automatic call distributor and agent; means for establishing a voice over internet protocol communication link between the automatic call distributor and agent through the dedicated connection for exchange of voice information between the customer and agent; and means for establishing a data link between a database application of the automatic call distributor and a database application of the terminal of the agent through the dedicated connection, where