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A structural panel component, such as an aircraft fuselage shell component, includes a single integral part having longitudinal and crosswise stiffening elements integrally arranged on a skin sheet. This integral component has been formed by a high speed milling chip removal process applied to a sol

A structural panel component, such as an aircraft fuselage shell component, includes a single integral part having longitudinal and crosswise stiffening elements integrally arranged on a skin sheet. This integral component has been formed by a high speed milling chip removal process applied to a solid plate-shaped semi-finished starting material. The skin sheet has areas of differing thicknesses, and the height, thickness, and spacing of the stiffening elements varies as needed, depending on the local loading conditions that will prevail on the finished structural component. The configuration of the component can be optimized to minimize the weight while satisfying all load strength requirements. The manufacturing method is very simple and economical.

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A structural panel component, such as an aircraft fuselage shell component, includes a single integral part having longitudinal and crosswise stiffening elements integrally arranged on a skin sheet. This integral component has been formed by a high speed milling chip removal process applied to a sol

A structural panel component, such as an aircraft fuselage shell component, includes a single integral part having longitudinal and crosswise stiffening elements integrally arranged on a skin sheet. This integral component has been formed by a high speed milling chip removal process applied to a solid plate-shaped semi-finished starting material. The skin sheet has areas of differing thicknesses, and the height, thickness, and spacing of the stiffening elements varies as needed, depending on the local loading conditions that will prevail on the finished structural component. The configuration of the component can be optimized to minimize the weight while satisfying all load strength requirements. The manufacturing method is very simple and economical. heel cup. 16. The space shoe of claim 10 wherein said space shoe further comprises elastic outer walls connecting said push-off frame and said upper frame with said lower frame. 17. The space shoe of claim 1 wherein said p-diamond linkage has an end-on profile of an hourglass shape which is wide at the top and bottom and narrow in the center. 18. The space shoe of claim 1 wherein said p-diamond linkage has an end-on profile of a pedestal shape which is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom. 19. The space shoe of claim 1 wherein said lower frame comprises at least one flex-rigger, flexibly attached to a side of said lower frame so that said at least one flex-rigger can bend or rotate in a horizontal plane but not in a transverse-vertical plane, wherein said at least one flex-rigger is biased to stick approximately straight out to the side, wherein said at least one flex-rigger is dimensioned and constructed to resist sideways tipping over of said space shoe which could cause said wearer to sprain his ankle, wherein said at least one flex-rigger can optionally be compressed inward along its length. 20. The space shoe of claim 10 wherein said push-off means comprises a toe cup fixably attached to the front of said upper frame, wherein this is the only location of said foot attachment means, wherein said toe cup may optionally further comprise straps. 21. The space shoe of claim 10 wherein said push-off means comprises a rear-foot guide to constrain the heel of said wearer to raise and lower vertically with respect to said upper frame. 22. The space shoe of claim 10 wherein said push-off means comprises a toe hinge connecting a push-off frame to said upper frame in the region of, or behind, the wearer's metatarsal joint, wherein said push-off frame allows said wearer to lift his heel as he rocks forward onto his toe during push-off, wherein said push-off frame constrains the heel of said wearer to raise and lower vertically with respect to said upper frame, wherein said push-off frame extends a variable distance back toward and around the heel of said wearer, wherein