초록 ▼

An implantable multimodal neurostimulator having improved efficacy in treating epilepsy and other neurological disorders and processes of using that neurostimulator are described herein. The neurostimulator itself generally has two modes of electrical stimulation. The first involves delivering a non

An implantable multimodal neurostimulator having improved efficacy in treating epilepsy and other neurological disorders and processes of using that neurostimulator are described herein. The neurostimulator itself generally has two modes of electrical stimulation. The first involves delivering a non-responsive electrical stimulation signal that is applied to the central nervous system to reduce the likelihood of a seizure or other undesirable neurological even from occurring. Various waveform morphologies are described for non-responsive stimulation signals. A second mode involves delivering a responsive electrical stimulation signal when epileptiform waveforms are impending or extant. The responsive electrical stimulation signal is intended to terminate epileptiform activity, e.g., to desynchronize abnormally synchronous brain electrical activity.

대표청구항 ▼

An implantable multimodal neurostimulator having improved efficacy in treating epilepsy and other neurological disorders and processes of using that neurostimulator are described herein. The neurostimulator itself generally has two modes of electrical stimulation. The first involves delivering a non

An implantable multimodal neurostimulator having improved efficacy in treating epilepsy and other neurological disorders and processes of using that neurostimulator are described herein. The neurostimulator itself generally has two modes of electrical stimulation. The first involves delivering a non-responsive electrical stimulation signal that is applied to the central nervous system to reduce the likelihood of a seizure or other undesirable neurological even from occurring. Various waveform morphologies are described for non-responsive stimulation signals. A second mode involves delivering a responsive electrical stimulation signal when epileptiform waveforms are impending or extant. The responsive electrical stimulation signal is intended to terminate epileptiform activity, e.g., to desynchronize abnormally synchronous brain electrical activity. rge coupled device. 6. The method of spectroscopic diagnosis of claim 1 wherein the detecting step further comprises generating a spectrum of the emitted light frequency components with a spectrometer and detecting the spectrum with the charge coupled device. 7. The method of spectroscopic diagnosis of claim 6 wherein the fiber optic cable receives light emitted by the tissue and transmits the emitted light to the spectrometer. 8. The method of spectroscopic diagnosis of claim 7 further comprising providing a single stage spectrometer. 9. The method of spectroscopic diagnosis of claim 6 further comprising an optical needle to which the radiation is coupled for delivery to the tissue. 10. The method of spectroscopic diagnosis of claim 6 further comprising detecting light reflected by the tissue and analyzing the reflected light to diagnosis the tissue. 11. The method of spectroscopic diagnosis of claim 1 further comprising providing a catheter, through which the fiber optic cable extends, for insertion into body lumens. 12. A method of spectroscopic diagnosis of tissue comprising: irradiating a portion of tissue of a patient to be diagnosed with laser radiation having at least first and second irradiating frequencies in the infrared range that are directed through a fiber optic cable; detecting light emitted by the portion of tissue in response to the laser radiation with a charge coupled device that is optically coupled to a proximal end of the fiber optic cable, the device collecting light from the portion of tissue for a period of 5 minutes or less, the detected light having a Raman shifted frequency component different from the first and second irradiating frequencies, removing background components from the detected light to provide corrected Raman spectral data; and analyzing the corrected Raman spectral data to diagnose a condition of the portion of the tissue. 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising collecting light emitted by the tissue for a period of eight seconds or less. 14. The method of claim 12 further comprising collecting light emitted by the tissue for a period of one second or less. 15. The method of claim 12 further comprising altering the frequency of the infrared radiation to alter a depth of penetration of the radiation into tissue. 16. The method of claim 12 further comprising altering an angle of incidence of the radiation relative to the portion of tissue to alter a depth of penetration of the radiation into the portion of tissue. /424; US-5255684, 19931000, Rello; US-5273025, 19931200, Sakiyama et al., 128/899; US-5276430, 19940100, Granovsky; US-5295484, 19940300, Marcus et al., 600/439; US-5295486, 19940300, Wollschlager et al.; US-5318025, 19940600, Dumoulin et al., 600/424; US-5341807, 19940800, Nardella; US-5373845, 19941200, Gardineer et al.; US-5375596, 19941200, Twiss et al.; US-5397304, 19950300, Truckai; US-5425367, 19950600, Shapiro et al.; US-5429132, 19950700, Guy et al.; US-5443489, 19950800, Ben-Haim, 607/115; US-5558091, 19960900, Acker; US-5622170, 19970400, Schulz, 600/407; US-5681260, 19971000, Ueda et al., 600/114; US-5727553, 19980300, Saad, 600/407; US-5729129, 19980300, Acker, 324/207.12; US-5752513, 19980500, Acker et al., 600/407; US-5755725, 19980500, Druais, 606/130 input is a current input to an optical amplifier section of the SGDBR laser. 87. The control system of claim 23, wherein the laser input is a current input to an optical amplifier section of the SGDBR laser. 88. The method of claim 43, wherein the current input to the gain section is held fixed so that power control is substantially independent of wavelength control. 89. The method of claim 47, wherein the laser input is a current input to an optical amplifier section of the SGDBR laser. 90. The method of claim 51, wherein the laser input is a current input to an optical amplifier section of the SGDBR laser. 91. The article of claim 71, wherein the current input to the gain section is held fixed so that power control is substantially independent of wavelength control. 92. The article of claim 75, wherein the laser input is a current input to an optical amplifier section of the SGDBR laser. 93. The article of claim 79, wherein the laser input is a current input to an optical amplifier section of the SGDBR laser.